Analysis of skiing accidents involving combined injuries to the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 35-40

  Hull, M L ^a  

^a University of California   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE; ARTICLE; HEEL; HUMAN; JOINT MOBILITY; JOINT STABILITY; JOINT STIFFNESS; KNEE LIGAMENT; LIGAMENT INJURY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIING; TOE; WEIGHT BEARING;

EID: 0031012952     PISSN: 03635465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/036354659702500107     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Ahmed AM, Hyder A, Burke DL, et al: In-vitro ligament tension pattern in the flexed knee in passive loading. J Orthop Res 5: 217-230, 1987
2. Allegra F, Fava P, Priano F: Knee sprains in alpine skiing: A 10-year statistical study, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Zelcer J (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1182. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993, pp 57-61
3. Berns GS, Hull ML, Patterson HA: Strain within the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of the knee at loads causing failure, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Zelcer J (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1182. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993, pp 89-110
4. Ekelund A, Holtmoen A, Lystad H: Skiing injuries in alpine recreational skiers, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Binet M-H (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1022. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989, pp 41-50
5. Gollehon DL, Torzilli PA, Warren RF: The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee. J Bone Joint Surg 69A: 233-242, 1987
6. Grood ES, Noyes FR, Butler DL, et al: Ligamentous and capsular restraints preventing straight medial and lateral laxity in intact human cadaver knees. J Bone Joint Surg 63A: 1257-1269, 1981
7. Hauser W: Experimental prospective skiing injury study, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr. Binet M-H (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1022. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989, pp 18-24
8. Hull ML, Berns GS, Varma H, et al: Strain in the medial collateral ligament of the human knee under single and combined loads. J Biomech 29: 199-206, 1996
9. Johnson RJ, Ettlinger CF, Shealy JE: Skier injury trends-1972-1990, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Zelcer J (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1182. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993, pp 11-22
10. Johnson RJ, Pope MH, Weisman G, et al: Knee injury in skiing: A multifaceted approach. Am J Sports Med 7: 321-327, 1979
11. Kennedy JC, Fowler PJ: Medial and anterior instability of the knee. An anatomical and clinical study using stress machines. J Bone Joint Surg 53A: 1257-1270, 1971
12. Lamont MK: New Zealand ski injury statistics - 1989 and 1990 ski seasons, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Zelcer J (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1182. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993, pp 33-42
13. Mains DB, Andrews JG, Stonecipher T: Medial and anterior-posterior ligament stability of the human knee, measured with a stress apparatus. Am J Sports Med 5: 144-153, 1977
14. Markolf KL, Mensch JS, Amstutz HC: Stiffness and laxity of the knee - the contributions of supporting structures. J Bone Joint Surg 58A: 583-594, 1976
15. Maxwell SM, Hull ML: Measurement of strength and loading variables on the knee during alpine skiing. J Biomech 22: 609-624, 1989
16. Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES, et al: Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee ligament repairs and reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg 66A: 344-352, 1984
17. Piziali RL, Nagel DA, Koogle T, et al: Knee and tibia strength in snow skiing, in Hauser W, Karlsson J, Magi M (eds): Skiing Trauma and Skiing Safety IV. Munich, Technischer Überwachungs-Verein Bayern, 1982, pp 24-31
18. Piziali RL, Rasteger J, Nagel DA, et al: The contribution of the cruciate ligaments to the load-displacement characteristics of the human knee joint. J Biomech Eng 102: 277-283, 1980
19. Quinn TP, Mote CD Jr: Prediction of the loading along the leg during snow skiing, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr, Zelcer J (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1182. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993, 128-149
20. Shapiro MS, Markolf KL, Finerman GAM, et al: The effect of section of the medial collateral ligament on force generated in the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg 73A: 248-256, 1991
21. Shino K, Horibe S, Nagano J, et al: Injury of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in downhill skiing: Its pathomechanism and treatment, in Mote CD Jr, Johnson RJ (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 938. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1987, pp 68-86
22. Shoemaker SC, Markolf KL: Effects of joint load on the stiffness and laxity of ligament-deficient knees. An in vitro study of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg 67A: 136-146, 1985
23. Warren LF, Marshall JL, Girgis F: The prime static stabilizer of the medial side of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg 56A: 665-674, 1974
24. Woo SL-Y: Mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments. I. Quasistatic and nonlinear viscoelastic properties. Biorheology 19: 385-396, 1982
25. Young LR, Lee SM: Alpine injury pattern at Waterville Valley - 1989 update, in Johnson RJ, Mote CD Jr (eds): Skiing Trauma and Safety: STP 1104. Philadelphia, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991, pp 125-132