Commentary: Prostate cancer is omnipresent, but should we screen for it?

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 278-281

  Martin, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER INVASION; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SCREENING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEALTH CARE; HEREDITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MALE; MORBIDITY; NOTE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; PROSTATECTOMY; QUALITY OF LIFE; SYMPTOM; TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION;

AUTOPSY; DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; HUMANS; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; MALE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS;

EID: 34447529184     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym049     Document Type: Note

References (26)

1. Rich AR. On the frequency of occurrence of occult carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1935;33:215-23. Reprinted Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36:274-77.
2. Franks LM. Latent Carcinoma of the Prostate. J Pathol Bacteriol 1954;68:603-16.
3. Selman SH. 'Latent' carcinoma of the prostate: A medical misnomer? Urology 2000;56:708-11.
4. Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Haas GP, Heilbrun LK, Pontes JE, Crissman JD. Age and racial distribution of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur Urol 1996;30:138-44.
5. Whitmore WF. Localised prostatic cancer: Management and detection issues. Lancet 1994;343:1263-67.
6. Donovan JL, Martin RM, Neal DE, Haindy FC. Prostate cancer: Screening approaches. Br J Hosp Med 2005;66:623-26.
7. Breslow N, Chan CW, Dhom G et al. Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France. Int J Cancer 1977;20:680-88.
8. Hsing AW, Tsao L, Devesa SS. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer 2000;85 60-67.
9. Oliver SE, May MT, Gunnell D. International trends in prostate - cancer mortality in the "PSA ERA". Int J Cancer 2001;92:893-98.
10. Albertsen PC, Walters S, Hanley JA. A comparison of cause of death determination in men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer who died in 1985 or 1995. J Urol 2000;163:519-23.
11. Penson DF, Albertsen PC, Nelson PS, Barry M, Stanford JL. Determining Cause of Death in Prostate Cancer: Are Death Certificates Valid? JNCI 2001;93:1822-23.
12. Gronberg H. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Lancet 2003;361 859-64.
13. Cohen P. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and prostate cancer risk-interpreting the evidence. JNCI 1998;90:876-79.
14. Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate-specific antigen for detection of prostatic cancer. JAMA 1995;273:289-94.
15. Hakama M, Stenman UH, Aroma A, Leinonen J, Hakulinen T, Knekt P. Validity of the prostate specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening: Followup study with a bank of 21,000 sera in Finland. J Vrol 2001;166:2189-191.
16. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ et al. Prevalence of Prostate Cancer among Men with a Prostate-Specific Antigen Level <=4.0 ng per Milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2239-46.
17. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C et al. Operating Characteristics of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Men With an Initial PSA Level of 3.0 ng/mL or Lower. JAMA 2005;294:66-70.
18. Frankel S, Davey Smith G, Donovan J, Neal D. Screening for prostate cancer. Lancet 2003;361:1122-28.
19. Stamey TA, Caldwell M, McNeal JE, Nolley R, Hemenex M, Downs J. The prostate specific antigen era in the United States is over for prostate cancer: What has happened in the last 20 years. J Urol 2004;172 1297-301.
20. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M et al. Radical Prostatectomy versus Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1977-84.
21. Stanford JL, Feng Z, Hamilton AS et al. Urinary and Sexual Function After Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: The Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. JAMA 2000;283 354-60.
22. Parker C, Muston D, Melia J, Moss S, Dearnaley D. A model of the natural history of screen-detected prostate cancer, and the effect of radical treatment on overall survival. Br J Cancer 2006;94:1361-368.
23. Lu-Yao G, Albertsen PC, Stanford JL, Stukel TA, Walker-Corkery ES, Barry MJ. Natural experiment examining impact of aggressive screening and treatment on prostate cancer mortality in two fixed cohorts from Seattle area and Connecticut. Br Med J 2002;325:740-43.
24. Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S. Data dredging, bias, or confounding. Br Med J 2002;325:1437-38.
25. Martin RM, Davey Smith G, Donovan J. Does current evidence justify prostate cancer screening in Europe? Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005; 2:538-39.
26. Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK, Frost CD. When can a risk factor be used as a worthwhile screening test? Br Med J 1999;319:1562-65.