Screening for prostate cancer

Lancet

Volumn 361, Issue 9363, 2003, Pages 1122-1128

  Frankel, Stephen ^a   Smith, George Davey ^a   Donovan, Jenny ^a   Neal, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CLINICAL TRIAL; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMAN; MASS SCREENING; MORBIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CARCINOMA; PROSTATECTOMY; QUALITY OF LIFE; URINE INCONTINENCE;

EID: 0037471849     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12890-5     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Neal D.E., Donovan J.L. Prostate cancer: to screen or not to screen? Lancet Oncol. 1:2000;17-24.
2. Yamey G, Wilkes M. Prostate cancer screening: is it worth the pain? San Francisco Chronicle Jan 18, 2002.
3. Ferriman A. Advocates of PSA testing campaign to silence critics. BMJ. 324:2002;255.
4. DiGuiseppi C. US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. 1996;Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
5. Cookson M.M. Prostate cancer: screening and early detection. Cancer Control. 8:2001;133-140.
6. Ferrini R., Woolf S.H. American College of Preventive Medicine practice policy. Screening for prostate cancer in American men. Am J Prev Med. 15:1998;81-84.
7. Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Public Health Paper Number 34. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1968.
8. The UK National Screening Committee. Criteria for appraising the viability, effectiveness and appropriateness of a screening programme. http://www.doh.gov.uk/nsc/library/lib_ind.htm (accessed Jan 15, 2003).
9. Grönberg H. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Lancet. 361:2003;859-864.
10. Parkin D.M., Bray F.I., Devesa S.S. Cancer burden in the year 2000: the global picture. Eur J Cancer. 37:(suppl):2001;S4-S66.
11. von Eschenbach A., Ho R., Murphy G.P., et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for early detection of prostate cancer. Cancer. 80:1997;1805-1807.
12. Office for National Statistics. 1993 Cancer statistics: registrations. London: Stationery Office, 1999.
13. Stanford J.L., Ostrander E.A. Familial prostate cancer. Epidemiol Rev. 23:2001;19-23.
14. Coughlin S.S., Hall I.J. A review of genetic polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Ann Epidemiol. 12:2002;182-196.
15. Coltman C.A., Thompson I.M., Feigl P. Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) update. Eur Urol. 35:1999;544-547.
16. Klein E.A., Thompson I.M., Lippman S.M., et al. SELECT: the next prostate cancer prevention trial. J Urol. 166:2001;1311-1315.
17. Gunnell D., Okasha M., Davey Smith G., Oliver S.E., Sandhu J., Holly J.M.P. Height, leg length and cancer risk: a systematic review. Epidemiol Rev. 23:2001;313-342.
18. Pollak M. Insulin-like growth factors and prostate cancer. Epidemiol Rev. 23:2001;59-66.
19. Whitmore W.F. Jnr. Localised prostate cancer: management and detection issues. Lancet. 343:1994;1263-1267.
20. Meikle A.W., Smith J.A. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 17:1990;709-719.
21. McGregor M., Hanley J.A., Boivin J.-F., et al. Screening for prostate cancer: estimating the magnitude of overdetection. Can Med Assoc J. 159:1998;1368-1372.
22. Schröder F.H., Wildhagen M.F. Screening for prostate cancer: evidence and perspectives. BJU Int. 88:2001;811-817.
23. Albertsen P.C., Hanley J.A., Gleason D.F., Barry M.J. Competing risk analysis of men aged 55-74 years at diagnosis managed conservatively for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 280:1998;975-980.
24. Donovan J., Mills N., Smith M., et al. Quality improvement report: Improving design and conduct of randomised trials by embedding them in qualitative research: ProtecT (prostate testing for cancer and treatment) study. BMJ. 325:2002;766-770.
25. Walsh P.C. Surgery and the reduction of mortality from prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;839-840.
26. Albertsen P.C., Fryback D.G., Storer B.E., Kolon T.F., Fine J. Long-term survival among men with conservatively treated localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 274:1995;626-631.
27. Reissigl A., Pointner J., Horninger W., et al. PSA-based screening for prostate cancer in asymptomatic younger males: pilot study in blood donors. Prostate. 30:1997;20-25.
28. Maatanen L., Auvinen A., Stenman U.-H., et al. European randomised study of prostate cancer screening: first-year results of the Finnish trial. Br J Cancer. 79:1999;1210-1214.
29. Hakama M., Stenman U.-H., Aromaa A., Leinonen J., Hakulinen T., Knekt P. Validity of the prostate specific antigen test for prostate cancer screening: follow-up study with a bank of 21 000 sera in Finland. J Urol. 166:2001;2189-2192.
30. Kranse R., Beemsterboer P., Rietbergen J., Habbema D., Hugosson J., Schröder F.H. Predictors for biopsy outcome in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (Rotterdam region). Prostate. 39:1999;316-322.
31. Catalona W.J., Smith D.S., Ornstein D.K. Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and benign prostate examination: enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements. JAMA. 277:1997;1452-1455.
32. Schröder F.H., van der Cruijsen-Koeter I., Koning H.J., et al. Prostate cancer detection at low prostate specific antigen. J Urol. 163:2000;806-812.
33. Holmberg L., Bill-Axelson A., Helgesen F., et al. A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;781-789.
34. Johansson J.E., Holmberg L., Johansson S., Bergstrom R., Adami H.O. Fifteen-year survival in prostate cancer: a prospective, population-based study in Sweden. JAMA. 277:1997;467-471.
35. Bangma C.H., Rietbergen J.B.W., Kranse R., et al. The free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio improves the specificity of prostate specific antigen in screening for prostate cancer in the general population. J Urol. 157:1997;2191-2196.
36. Collins M.M., Ransohoff D.F., Barry M.J. Early detection of prostate cancer-serendipity strikes again. JAMA. 278:1997;1516-1519.
37. Caldas C., Aparicio S.A. Cancer: the molecular outlook. Nature. 415:2002;484-485.
38. Davey Smith G., Egger M. Who benefits from medical interventions? BMJ. 308:1994;72-74.
39. Johansson J.E., Adami H.O., Andersson S.-O., Bergström R., Krusemo U.B., Kraaz W. Natural history of localised prostatic cancer: a population-based study in 223 untreated patients. Lancet. 1:1989;799-803.
40. Carter H.B., Sauvageot J., Walsh P.C., et al. Prospective evaluation of men with stage T1c adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 157:1997;2206-2209.
41. Jani A.B., Hellman S. Clinical decision-making in early prostate cancer. Lancet. 361:2003;1045-1053.
42. Weldon V.E., Tavel F.R., Neuwirth H. Continence, potency and morbidity after radical perineal prostatectomy. J Urol. 158:1997;1470-1475.
43. Stanford J.L., Feng Z., Hamilton A.S., et al. Urinary and sexual function after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 283:2000;354-360.
44. Siegel T., Moul J.W., Spevak M., Alvord G., Costabile R.A. The development of erectile dysfunction in men treated for prostate cancer. J Urol. 165:2001;430-435.
45. Steineck G., Helgesen F., Adolfsson J., et al. Quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;790-796.
46. Fowler F.J., McNaughton Collins M., Albertsen P.C., Zietman A., Elliott D., Barry M. Comparison of recommendations by urologists and radiation oncologists for treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 283:2000;3217-3222.
47. Donovan J.L., Frankel S., Faulkner A., Gillatt D., Hamdy F.C. Dilemmas in treating early prostate cancer: the evidence and a questionnaire survey of consultant urologists in the UK. BMJ. 318:1999;299-300.
48. Hanna C.L., Mason M.D., Donovan J.L., Barber J.P. Clinical oncologists favour radical radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer: a questionnaire survey study. Br J Urol Int. 90:2002;558-560.
49. Hankey B.F., Feuer E.J., Clegg L.X., et al. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer. Part 1: evidence of the effects of screening in recent prostate cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:1999;1017-1024.
50. Farkas A., Schneider D., Perrotti M., et al. National trends in the epidemiology of prostate cancer, to 1994: evidence for the effectiveness of PSA screening. Urology. 52:1973;444-448.
51. Littrup P.J. Future benefits and cost-effectiveness of prostate carcinoma screening. Cancer. 80:1997;1864-1870.
52. Hoeksema M.J., Law C. Cancer mortality rates fall: a turning point for the nation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 88:1996;1706-1707.
53. Horninger W., Reissigl A., Rogatsch H., et al. Prostate cancer screening in the Tyrol, Austria: experience and results. Eur J Cancer. 36:2000;1322-1335.
54. Bartsch G., Horninger W., Klocker H., et al. Prostate cancer mortality after introduction of prostate-specific antigen mass screening in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. Urology. 58:2001;417-424.
55. Labrie F., Candas B., Dupont A., et al. Screening decreases prostrate cancer death. First analysis of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomised controlled trial. Prostate. 38:1999;83-91.
56. Alexander J.E. Screening decreases prostrate cancer death: first analysis of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomised controlled trial. Prostate. 40:1999;135-136.
57. Boer R., Schröder F. Quebec randomised controlled trial on prostate cancer screening shows no evidence for mortality reduction. Prostate. 40:1999;130-134.
58. Hsing A.W., Tsao L., Devesa S.S. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer. 85:2000;60-67.
59. Mettlin C.J., Murphy G.P. Why is the prostate cancer death rate declining in the United States? Cancer. 82:1998;249-251.
60. Oliver S.E., Gunnell D., Donovan J.L. Comparison of trends in prostate cancer mortality in England and Wales and the USA. Lancet. 335:2000;1788-1789.
61. Oliver S.E., May M.T., Gunnell D. International trends in prostate-cancer mortality in the "PSA era" Int J Cancer. 92:2001;893-898.
62. Albertsen P.C., Walters S., Hanley J.A. A comparison of cause of death determination in men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer who died in 1985 or 1995. J Urol. 163:2000;519-523.
63. Newschaffer C.J., Otani K., McDonald M.K., Penberthy L.T. Causes of death in elderly prostate cancer patients and in a comparison non prostate cancer cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:2000;613-621.
64. Feuer E.J., Merrill R.M., Hankey B.F. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer. Part 2: cause of death misclassification and the recent rise and fall in prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:1999;1025-1032.
65. Etzioni R., Legler J.M., Feuer E.J., et al. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer. Part 3: quantifying the link between population PSA testing and recent declines in prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:1999;1033-1039.
66. Slevin T.J., Donelly N., Clarkson J.P., English D.R., Ward J.E. Prostate cancer testing: behaviour, motivation and attitudes among western Australian men. Med J Aust. 171:1999;185-188.
67. Smith D.P., Armstrong B.K. Prostate-specific antigen testing in Australia and association with prostate cancer incidence in New South Wales. Med J Aust. 169:1998;17-20.
68. Perron L., Moore L., Bairati I., Bernard P.-M., Meyer F. PSA screening and prostate cancer mortality. Can Med Assoc J. 166:2002;586-591.
69. Lu-Yao G., Albertsen P.C., Stanford J.L., Stukel T.A., Walker-Corkery E.S., Barry M.J. Natural experiment examining impact of aggressive screening and treatment on prostate cancer mortality in two fixed cohorts from Seattle area and Connecticut. BMJ. 325:2002;740.
70. Egger M., Schneider M., Davey Smith G. Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ. 316:1998;140-144.
71. American Urological Society. Executive Committee Report. Baltimore: American Urological Association, 1992.
72. Ferrini R, Woolf SH. Screening for prostate cancer in American men. American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy Statement. American Cancer Society Prostate Cancer Screening Guideline Conference 2000 Update, May 4-6, 2000. Atlanta, 2000.
73. Donovan J.L., Frankel S.J., Neal D.E., Hamdy F.C. Screening for prostate cancer in the UK. BMJ. 323:2001;763-764.
74. American Medical Association. AMA Report 9 of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Screening and early detection of prostate cancer. CSA Report 9-a-00. 2000: 1-22.
75. Clinical guidelines: Part III. Screening for prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 126:1997;480-484.
76. Pope A. Essay on man. Epistle i.
77. Davey Smith G., Ebrahim S., Frankel S. How policy informs the evidence. BMJ. 322:2001;184-185.
78. Fossa S.D., Eri L.M., Skovlund E., Tveter K., Vatten L. No randomised trial of prostate-cancer screening in Norway. Lancet Oncol. 2:2001;741-745.
79. Davey Smith G., Sheldon T.A. Innocent until proven guilty: reflections on the career of clofibrate. J Epidemiol Community Health. 47:1993;403-404.
80. Parkinson M.C., Bott S.R.J., Montironi R., Melia J. Screening for prostatic cancer and its evolution within Britain. J Pathol. 197:2002;139-142.
81. Bonneux L. Screening populations at low risk carries high risks. BMJ. 326:2003;53.
82. Selley S., Donovan J., Faulkner A., Coast J., Gillatt D. Diagnosis, management and screening of early localised prostate cancer. NHS R&D HTA Programme. Health Tech Assess. 1:1997;1-156.