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Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 251-259

The need for a world court of human rights

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EID: 34447519205     PISSN: 14617781     EISSN: 17441021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hrlr/ngl026     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (36)
  • 1
    • 34447504827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GA Res. 60/251, 15 March 2006, A/RES/60/251. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 170 in favour, four against (Israel, Marshall Islands, Palau and United States), with three abstentions (Belarus, Iran and Venezuela).
    • GA Res. 60/251, 15 March 2006, A/RES/60/251. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 170 in favour, four against (Israel, Marshall Islands, Palau and United States), with three abstentions (Belarus, Iran and Venezuela).
  • 2
    • 34447515605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Para. 5(e), GA Res. 60/251, ibid.
    • Para. 5(e), GA Res. 60/251, ibid.
  • 3
    • 34447526507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Para. 5, GA Res. 60/251, ibid., explicitly states that'such a mechanism shall complement and not duplicate the work of treaty bodies'.
    • Para. 5, GA Res. 60/251, ibid., explicitly states that'such a mechanism shall complement and not duplicate the work of treaty bodies'.
  • 4
    • 34447508060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Article 46(2), European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (as amended by Protocols 3, 5, 8 and 11) (ECHR), ETS No. 5.
    • Article 46(2), European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (as amended by Protocols 3, 5, 8 and 11) (ECHR), ETS No. 5.
  • 5
    • 34447526506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Court of Human Rights was established in 1959 pursuant to Section IV, ECHR, but the full division of labour between a single and permanent Court and the Committee of Ministers as a political body entrusted only with the supervision of the execution of the Court's judgments was only achieved with the entry into force of the Protocol 11 to the ECHR on 1 November 1998. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was established in 1979 by the American Convention on Human Rights 1969 (ACHR), OAS No. 36.
    • The European Court of Human Rights was established in 1959 pursuant to Section IV, ECHR, but the full division of labour between a single and permanent Court and the Committee of Ministers as a political body entrusted only with the supervision of the execution of the Court's judgments was only achieved with the entry into force of the Protocol 11 to the ECHR on 1 November 1998. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was established in 1979 by the American Convention on Human Rights 1969 (ACHR), OAS No. 36.
  • 6
    • 34447511343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol to the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 1998, 6 IHRR 891 (1999). The Protocol entered into force on 1 January 2004. The judges have been elected, but the Court has not yet begun hearing cases.
    • Protocol to the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 1998, 6 IHRR 891 (1999). The Protocol entered into force on 1 January 2004. The judges have been elected, but the Court has not yet begun hearing cases.
  • 7
    • 34447538130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 660 UNTS 196
    • 660 UNTS 196.
  • 8
    • 34447558295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 999 UNTS 171
    • 999 UNTS 171.
  • 9
    • 34447498803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1465 UNTS 85
    • 1465 UNTS 85.
  • 11
    • 34447512903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 999 UNTS 171
    • 999 UNTS 171.
  • 12
    • 34447500327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See the cases of Perterer v Austria (1015/01), CCPR/C/81/D/1015/ 2001 (2004), as to which see E.U. Network of Independent Experts on Fundamental Rights, Report on the Situation of Fundamental Rights in Austria in 2004, submitted to the Network by Manfred Nowak and Alexander Lubich, 3 January 2005, CDR-CDF/AT/2004, available at: http://cridho.cpdr.ucl.ac.be, at 82-4
    • See the cases of Perterer v Austria (1015/01), CCPR/C/81/D/1015/ 2001 (2004), as to which see E.U. Network of Independent Experts on Fundamental Rights, Report on the Situation of Fundamental Rights in Austria in 2004, submitted to the Network by Manfred Nowak and Alexander Lubich, 3 January 2005, CDR-CDF/AT/2004, available at: http://cridho.cpdr.ucl.ac.be, at 82-4
  • 13
    • 34447548953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Derksen and Bakker v the Netherlands (976/01), CCPR/C/80/D/976/ 2001 (2004),
    • and Derksen and Bakker v the Netherlands (976/01), CCPR/C/80/D/976/ 2001 (2004),
  • 14
    • 34447520259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • as to which see Nowak, 'Diskriminatie van buiten echt geboren wezen onder de anw Nederland botst met VN-Mensenrechtencomité', (2005) 30 NJCM Bulletin 186 (text in English) 186.
    • as to which see Nowak, 'Diskriminatie van buiten echt geboren wezen onder de anw Nederland botst met VN-Mensenrechtencomité', (2005) 30 NJCM Bulletin 186 (text in English) 186.
  • 15
    • 34447521840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, GA Res. 60/147,16 December 2005, A/RES/60/147
    • Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, GA Res. 60/147,16 December 2005, A/RES/60/147
  • 16
    • 34447518972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13 IHRR 907 2006
    • 13 IHRR 907 (2006).
  • 17
    • 34447521838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept Paper on the High Commissioner's Proposal for a Unified Standing Treaty Body, HRI/MC/2006/2, 22 March 2006.
    • Concept Paper on the High Commissioner's Proposal for a Unified Standing Treaty Body, HRI/MC/2006/2, 22 March 2006.
  • 18
    • 34447558294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 993 UNTS 3
    • 993 UNTS 3.
  • 20
    • 34447523746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1249 UNTS 13
    • 1249 UNTS 13.
  • 21
    • 34447550486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7 IHRR 294 2000
    • 7 IHRR 294 (2000).
  • 22
    • 34447539998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1577 UNTS 3
    • 1577 UNTS 3.
  • 23
    • 34447515604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948, 78 UNTS 277.
    • Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948, 78 UNTS 277.
  • 24
    • 34447523745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, 189 UNTS 137.
    • Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, 189 UNTS 137.
  • 25
    • 34447520257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Such as the Convention on the Political Rights of Women 1953, 193 UNTS 135
    • Such as the Convention on the Political Rights of Women 1953, 193 UNTS 135
  • 26
    • 34447508059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 1954, 360 UNTS 117.
    • and the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 1954, 360 UNTS 117.
  • 27
    • 34447559837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept Paper, supra n. 14.
    • Concept Paper, supra n. 14.
  • 28
    • 34447506358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), established by SC Res. 1244, 10 June 1999, S/RES/1999/1244.
    • United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), established by SC Res. 1244, 10 June 1999, S/RES/1999/1244.
  • 29
    • 34447532183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), established by SC Res. 1272, 22 October 1999, S/RES/1999/1272, replaced by United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor, established by SC Res. 1410, 17 May 2002, S/RES/2002/1410.
    • United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), established by SC Res. 1272, 22 October 1999, S/RES/1999/1272, replaced by United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor, established by SC Res. 1410, 17 May 2002, S/RES/2002/1410.
  • 31
    • 34447500326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One exception to this general rule is the remedies that have been ordered by the Inter-American Court. For example, in Plan de Sánchez Massacre v Guatemala (Merits) IACtHR Series C 105 (2004);
    • One exception to this general rule is the remedies that have been ordered by the Inter-American Court. For example, in Plan de Sánchez Massacre v Guatemala (Merits) IACtHR Series C 105 (2004);
  • 32
    • 34447550485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13 IHRR 986 (2006), the Inter-American Court ordered the State to hold a ceremony to publicly honour the memory of persons slaughtered in the massacre; to contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the chapel where people pay tribute to the victims of the massacre; to provide a health centre with trained health personnel; to translate the American Convention and the judgment into the Maya Achí language and publish relevant sections of the judgment on the merits in both Spanish and Maya Achí.
    • 13 IHRR 986 (2006), the Inter-American Court ordered the State to hold a ceremony to publicly honour the memory of persons slaughtered in the massacre; to contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the chapel where people pay tribute to the victims of the massacre; to provide a health centre with trained health personnel; to translate the American Convention and the judgment into the Maya Achí language and publish relevant sections of the judgment on the merits in both Spanish and Maya Achí.
  • 33
    • 84920391327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, generally, 2nd edn Oxford: Oxford University Press, at, and Annex
    • See, generally, Shelton, Remedies in International Human Rights Law 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) at 285-9 and Annex.
    • (2005) Remedies in International Human Rights Law , pp. 285-289
    • Shelton1
  • 34
    • 34447520258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See decision of the Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ferida Selimović et al. v the Republika Srpska (Srebrenica cases') Case nos. CH/01/8365 et al., 7 March 2003
    • See decision of the Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ferida Selimović et al. v the Republika Srpska (Srebrenica cases') Case nos. CH/01/8365 et al., 7 March 2003
  • 35
    • 34447498801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14 IHRR 250 (2007). The Chamber ordered the Republika Srpska to provide the victims with the following remedies and reparations: 'to release all information...with respect to the fate and whereabouts of the missing...to immediately release any such missing person...to conduct a full, meaningful, thorough, and detailed investigation..., to publish the text of this entire decision..., to make a lump sum contribution to the to the Foundation of the Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial and Cemetery'.
    • 14 IHRR 250 (2007). The Chamber ordered the Republika Srpska to provide the victims with the following remedies and reparations: 'to release all information...with respect to the fate and whereabouts of the missing...to immediately release any such missing person...to conduct a full, meaningful, thorough, and detailed investigation..., to publish the text of this entire decision..., to make a lump sum contribution to the to the Foundation of the Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial and Cemetery'.
  • 36
    • 34447559836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reparation by the Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Humanitarian Law Centre (ed.)
    • See also, Belgrade: Humanitarian Law Centre
    • See also Nowak, 'Reparation by the Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Humanitarian Law Centre (ed.), Strategy for Transitional Justice in the former Yugoslavia (Belgrade: Humanitarian Law Centre, 2005) 280.
    • (2005) Strategy for Transitional Justice in the former Yugoslavia , pp. 280
    • Nowak1


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