A review of atypical antipsychotic drugs versus conventional medication in schizophrenia

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 7, Issue 13, 2006, Pages 1739-1748

  Luft, Barrat ^a   Taylor, David ^b  

^a GARTNAVEL ROYAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amisulpride; Aripiprazole; Atypical antipsychotic; Clozapine; Conventional antipsychotic; Extrapyramidal side effects; Olanzapine; Quetiapine; Risperidone; Sertindole; Ziprasidone; Zotepine

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT;

CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG EFFECT; DYSKINESIA; HUMAN; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSKINESIAS; HUMANS; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 34447316364     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.7.13.1739     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. SHARIF ZD: Common treatment goals of antipsychotics: acute treatment. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1998) 59(19):5-8. (Pubitemid 29016144)
2. BARNES TE: Clinical assessment of the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs. J. Psychopharmacol. (1992) 6(2):214-221.
3. HAMMER MB, ARANA GW: Hyperprolactinaemia in antipsychotic-treated patients: guidelines for avoidance and management. CNS Drugs (1998) 10(3):209-222. (Pubitemid 28449014)
4. MARKOWITZ JS, BROWN CS, MOORE TR: Atypical antipsychotics. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Ann. Pharmacother. (1999) 33(1):73-85. (Pubitemid 29056560)
5. THOMAS CS, LEWIS S: Which atypical antipsychotic? Br. J. Psychiatry (1998) 172(2):106-109.
6. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE: Health Technology Appraisal No. 43. The clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of newer atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. NICE, London, 2002.
7. TAYLOR DM, MCASKILL R: Atypical antipsychotics and weight gain - a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (2000) 101:416-432. • A valuable systematic review including both short-term and longer-term studies of all atypical antipsychotics.
8. HADDAD PM: Antipsychotics and diabetes: review of non-prospective data. Br. J. Psychiatry (2004) 184(47):S80-S86. (Pubitemid 38482549)
9. MEYER JM: Effects of atypical antipsychotics on weight and serum lipid levels. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2000) 62(27):27-34.
10. STRAKER D, CORRELL C, KRAMER-GINSBERG E et al.: Cost-effective screening for the metabolic syndrome in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic medications. Am. J. Psychiatry (2005) 162(6):1217-1221. (Pubitemid 40770711)
11. ISOMAA B, ALMGREN P, TUOMI T et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care (2001) 24(4):683-689. (Pubitemid 32893993)
12. LIEBERMAN JA, STROUP TS, MCEVOY JP et al.: Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 353(12):1209-1223. •• A landmark study of antipsychotic effectiveness, independent of pharmaceutical sponsorship, with a large cohort of patients and broad inclusion criteria.
13. MCEVOY JP, LIEBERMAN JA, STROUP TS et al.: Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry (2006) 163(4):600-610. (Pubitemid 44464569)
14. STROUP TS, LIEBERMAN JA, MCEVOY JP et al.: Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic. Am. J. Psychiatry (2006) 163(4):611-622. (Pubitemid 44464570)
15. GEDDES J, FREEMANTLE N, HARRISON P, BEBBINGTON P: Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. Br. Med. J. (2000) 321:1371-1376. • A comprehensive study involving all of the atypical drugs that are available in the UK, which went to considerable lengths to reduce the potential of publication bias.
16. DAVIS JM, CHEN N, GLICK ID: A meta-analysis of the efficacy of the second generation antipsychotics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2003) 60(6):553-564. •• The largest meta-analysis of both published and unpublished data and includes data from other meta-analysis.
17. LEUCHT S, PITSCHEL-WALTZ D, ABRAHAM W, KISSLING W: Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. Schizophrenia Res. (1999) 35(5):51-68. • Highly significant findings regarding efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new and conventional antipsychotics.
18. LEUCHT S, WAHLBECK K, HAMANN J: New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet (2003) 361:1581-1589. • A highly significant review of new generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics. (Pubitemid 36578993)
19. BEBBINGTON P: Caution, not cost behind drug debate. Health Service Journal (1999) 109:21.
20. WAHLBECK K, TUUNAINEN A, AHOKAS A, LEUCHT S: Dropout rates in randomised antipsychotic drug trial. Psychopharmacol. (2001) 155(3):230-233. (Pubitemid 32477278)
21. TAYLOR D: Low dose typical antipsychotics - a brief evaluation. Psychiatric Bulletin (2000) 24(12):465-468. (Pubitemid 32011035)
22. KAY SR, FISZBEIN A, OPLER LA: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. (1987) 13:261-276. (Pubitemid 18039085)
23. OVERALL J, GORHAM D: The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol. Rep. (1962) 10:799-813.
24. CSERNANSKY JG, RAMY M, BRENNER R: A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346(1):16-22. (Pubitemid 34438915)
25. CASEY DE: The relationship of pharmacology to side effects. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1997) 58(10):55-62. (Pubitemid 27333182)
26. TOLLESFON GD, BEASLEY CM, TAMURA RN et al.: Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol. Am. J. Psychiatry (1997) 154(9):1248-1254. • This paper provides important conclusions that provide firm evidence concerning the risk of tardive dyskinesia between a conventional and atypical antipsychotic.
27. BEASLEY CM, DELLVA MA, TAMURA RN et al.: Randomised double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol. Br. J. Psychiatry (1999) 174(1):23-30. (Pubitemid 29037880)
28. CORRELL CU, LEUCT S, KANE JM: Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics a systematic review of 1 year studies. Am. J. Psychiatry (2004) 161(3):414-425. • A comprehensive review of long-term studies, allowing firm conclusions concerning the risk of TD.
29. OOSTHUIZEN PP, EMSLEY RA, MARITZ JS, TURNER JA, KEYTER N: Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in first-episode psychosis patients treated with low-dose haloperidol. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2003) 64(9):1075-1080. (Pubitemid 37158253)
30. BAPTISTA T: Body weight gain induced by antipsychotic drugs: mechanisms and management. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (1999) 100(1):3-16. (Pubitemid 29309192)
31. ALLISON DB, MENTORE JL, MOONSEONG H et al.: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am. J. Psychiatry (1999) 156(11):1686-1696. •• The largest systematic analysis of weight gain with antipsychotic drugs.
32. PIGOTT TA, CARSON WH, SAHA AR et al.: Aripiprazole for the prevention of relapse in stabilised patients with chronic schizophrenia: a placebo-controlled 26 week study. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2003) 64(9):1048-1056. (Pubitemid 37158250)
33. McQUADE RD, STOCK E, MARCUS R et al.: A comparison of weight change during treatment with olanzapine or aripiprazole: results from a randomised, double-blind study. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2004) 65(18):47-56.
34. DIXON L, WEIDEN P, DELAHANTY J et al.: Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophrenia Bull. (2000) 26:903-912. (Pubitemid 30809169)
35. KOLLER E, SCHNEDIER B, BENNETT K, DUBISKY G: Clozapine-associated diabetes. Am. J. Med. (2001) 111(9):716-723. • This is the first published case report that suggests an association between clozapine and diabetes.
36. KOLLER EA, DORAISWAMY PM: Olanzapine-associated diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy (2002) 22:841-852. • The first published case report suggesting an association between olanzapine and diabetes.
37. KORO CE, FEDDER DO, L'ITALIEN GJ et al.: Assessment of independent effect of olanzapine and risperidone on risk of diabetes among patients. Br. Med. J. (2002) 325:243-245. • The first large study to quantify an association between antipsychotics and diabetes.
38. KORNEGAY CJ, VASILAKIS-SCARAMOZZA C, JICK H: Incident diabetes associated with antipsychotic use in the United Kingdom general practice research database. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2002) 63(9):758-762.
39. GIANFRANCESCO FD, GROGG AL, MAHMOUD RA, RUEY-HUA WANG MS, NASRALLAH HA: Differential effects of risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, and conventional antipsychotics on Type 2 diabetes: findings from a large health plan database. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2002) 63(10):920-930. (Pubitemid 35231733)
40. SERNYAK MJ, LESLIE DL, ALARCON RD, LOSONCZY MF, ROSENHECK R: Association of diabetes mellitus with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry (2002) 159(4):561-566. (Pubitemid 34274937)
41. TAYLOR D, YOUNG C, ESOP R, PATON C, WALWYN R: Testing for diabetes in hospitalised patients prescribed antipsychotics. Br. J. Psychiatry (2004) 185(2):152-156. (Pubitemid 39061459)
42. TAYLOR D, YOUNG C, MOHAMED R, PATON C WALWYN R: Undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst inpatients receiving antipsychotic drugs. J. Psychopharmacol. (2005) 19(2):63-74. (Pubitemid 40577223)
43. BUSHE C, LEONARD B: Association between atypical antipsychotic agents and Type 2 diabetes: review of prospective clinical data. Br. J. Psychiatry (2004) 184(47):87-93. (Pubitemid 38482550)
44. KELLY HG, FAY JE, LAVERY SG: Thioridazine hydrochloride (Mellaril): its effects on the electrocardiogram and a report of two fatalities with electrocardiographic abnormalities. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (1963) 89:546-554.
45. ZARATE CA, PATEL J: Sudden cardiac death and antipsychotic drugs: do we know enough? Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2001) 58(12):1168-1171. (Pubitemid 33121509)
46. RAY WA, MEREDITH S, THAPA PB, MEADOR KG, HALL K, MURRAY KT: Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2001) 58(12):1161-1167. •• One of the first publications to establish a link between a conventional antipsychotic and sudden cardiac death.
47. STRAUS SMJM, BLEUMINK GS, DIELEMAN JP et al.: Antipsychotic and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Arch. Intern. Med. (2004) 164(12):1293-1297. (Pubitemid 38828879)
48. REILLY JG, AYIS SA, FERRIER IN, JONES SJ, THOMAS SHL: Thioridazine and sudden unexplained death in psychiatric in-patients. Br. J. Psychiatry (2002) 180(6):515-522. (Pubitemid 34596802)
49. LIPEROTI R, GAMBASSIi G, LAPANA KL et al.: Conventional and atypical antipsychotics and the risk of hospitalisation for ventricular arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Arch. Intern. Med. (2005) 165(6):696-701. (Pubitemid 40393155)
50. DRICIC MD, WANG WX, LIU X,WOOSLEY RL, FLOCKHART D: Prolongation of QT interval in isolated feline hearts by antipsychotic drugs. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1998) 18(6):477-481. (Pubitemid 28555332)
51. CAPEL MM, COLBRIDGE MG, HENRY JA: Overdose profiles of new antipsychotic agents. Int. J. Neuropsychopharm. (2000) 3:51-54. (Pubitemid 30354452)
52. SU KP, SHEN WW, CHUANG CL, CHEN KP: A pilot cross-over design study on QTc interval prolongation associated with sulpiride and haloperidol. Schizophrenia Research (2002) 59(1):93-94. (Pubitemid 35284499)
53. FRITZE J, BANDELOW B: The QT interval and the atypical antipsychotic, sertindole. Int. J. Psych. Clin. Practice (1998) 2:265-273. (Pubitemid 29023490)
54. HANSEN TE, CASEY DE, HOFFMAN WF: Neuroleptic intolerance. Schizophrenia Bulletin (1997) 23:567-582. (Pubitemid 27485968)