Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection: what if it works?

Lancet

Volumn 370, Issue 9581, 2007, Pages 89-93

  Paxton, Lynn A ^a   Hope, Tony ^b   Jaffe, Harold W ^b  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; C 31G; CELLULOSE SULFATE; EMTRICITABINE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; MICROBICIDE; TENOFOVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; CIRCUMCISION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIZZINESS; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; EXPOSURE; FANCONI RENOTUBULAR SYNDROME; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEADACHE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROMOTION; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV EDUCATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERPIGMENTATION; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; LACTIC ACIDOSIS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; RISK REDUCTION; SAFE SEX; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 34447133509     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61053-8     Document Type: Note

References (40)

1. UNAIDS. 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS/06.20E. http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp (accessed June 14, 2007).
2. Auvert B., Taljaard D., Lagarde E., Sobngwi-Tambekou J., Sitta R., and Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2 (2005) e298
3. Bailey R., Moses S., Parker C., et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 369 (2007) 643-656
4. Gray R., Kigozi G., Serwadda D., et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized trial. Lancet 369 (2007) 657-666
5. Family Health International. Phase 3 trial in Nigeria evaluating the effectiveness of SAVVY gel in preventing HIV infection in women will close. Press release (Aug 28, 2006). http://www.fhi.org/en/AboutFHI/Media/Releases/Phase3SAVVY082806 (accessed June 14, 2007).
6. CONRAD. Phase III trials of cellulose sulfate microbicide for HIV prevention closed. News release (Jan 31, 2007). http://www.conrad.org/press/phaseIIItrials.htm (accessed June 14, 2007).
7. Pitisuttithum P., Gilbert P., Gurwith M., et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 194 (2006) 1661-1671
8. The rgp120 HIV Vaccine Study Group. Placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 191 (2005) 654-665
9. Van de Wijgert J., and Coggins C. Microbicides to prevent heterosexual transmission of HIV: ten years down the road. BETA 15 (2002) 23-38
10. Rosenberg Z. Microbicide Research, a promising prevention strategy for HIV/AIDS. Can it save women's lives? (July 18, 2006). http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/hcast_index.cfm?display =detail&hc=1773 Washington, DC. (accessed June 14, 2007).
11. Connor E., Sperling R., Gelber R., et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. N Engl J Med 331 (1994) 1173-1180
12. Shaffer N., Chuachoowong R., Mock P., et al. Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. Lancet 353 (1999) 773-780
13. Guay L., Musoke P., Fleming T., et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet 354 (1999) 795-802
14. Cardo D., Culver D., Ciesielski C., et al. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group. N Engl J Med 337 (1997) 1485-1490
15. Tsai C., Emau P., Follis K., et al. Effectiveness of postinoculation (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine treatment for prevention of persistent simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne infection depends critically on timing of initiation and duration of treatment. J Virol 72 (1998) 4265-4273
16. Van Rompay K., McChesney M., Aguirre N., Schmidt K., Bischofberger N., and Marthas M. Two low doses of tenofovir protect newborn macaques against oral simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 184 (2001) 429-438
17. Subbarao S., Otten R., Ramos A., et al. Chemoprophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate provided partial protection against simian human immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques given multiple virus challenges. J Infect Dis 194 (2006) 904-911
18. Garcia-Lerma J., Otten R., Qari S., et al. Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by tenofovir/FTC combination. Presented at: 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Feb 5-8, 2006. http://www.retroconference.org/2006/Abstracts/27976.htm (accessed June 14, 2007).
19. Peterson L, Taylor D, Roddy R, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of HIV infection in women: a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Clin Trials 2 (5): e27. doi:10.137/journal.pctr.0020027.
20. Cohen J. Protect or Disinhibit?. New York Times Magazine (New York) (Jan 22, 2006). http://www.nytimes.com (accessed June 14, 2007).
21. Okwemba A. Here comes a before-sex AIDS pill. The Daily Nation (Kenya) (June 15, 2006). http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation (accessed June 14, 2007).
22. Investigator's Brochure: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 10th edn, Nov 2, 2004. Gilead Sciences Foster City, CA, USA.
23. Investigator's Brochure: emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets, 2nd edn, Nov 17, 2005. Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.
24. Johnson J., Van Rompay K., Delwart E., and Heneine W. Rapid emergence of drug-resistant SIV in tenofovir-treated macaques: implications for tenofovir chemoprophylaxis and HIV. Presented at: 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Feb 5-8, 2006. http://www.retroconference.org/2006/Abstracts/26466.htm (accessed June 14, 2007).
25. Whitcomb J., Parkin N., Chappey N., et al. Broad nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor cross-resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type I clinical isolates. J Infect Dis 188 (2003) 992-1000
26. Blower S., Gershengorn H., and Grant R. A tale of two futures: HIV and antiretroviral therapy in San Francisco. Science 287 (2000) 650-654
27. Baggaley R., Garnett G., and Ferguson N. Modelling the impact of antiretroviral use in resource-poor settings. PLoS Med 3 (2006) e124
28. Bartholow B., Buchbinder S., Celum C., et al. HIV sexual risk behavior over 36 months of follow-up in the world's first HIV vaccine efficacy trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39 (2005) 90-101
29. van Griensvan F., Keawkungwal J., Tappero J., et al. Lack of increased HIV risk behavior among injection drug users participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS 18 (2004) 295-301
30. Schechter M., do Lago R., Mendelsohn A., Moreira R., Moulton L., and Harrison L. Behavioral impact, acceptability, and HIV incidence among homosexual men with access to postexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35 (2004) 519-525
31. Martin J., Roland M., Neilands T., et al. Use of postexposure prophylaxis against HIV infection following sexual exposure does not lead to increases in high-risk behavior. AIDS 18 (2004) 787-792
32. Crepaz N., Hart T., and Marks G. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review. JAMA 292 (2004) 224-236
33. Dobson J. Would you talk to your child about condom usage? In: The complete marriage and family home resource guide. http://family.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/family.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_ faqid=836 (accessed June 14, 2007).
34. Transcript of BBC News interview with Kofi Annan. http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/newrels/kofiaids.htm (accessed June 14, 2007).
35. Abbas U., Anderson R., and Mellors J. Potential effect of antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis on HIV-1 transmission in resource-limited settings. Presented at: 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Feb 25-28, 2007. http://www.retroconference.org/2007/Abstracts/28665.htm (accessed June 14, 2007).
36. Smith R., Bodine E., Wilson D., and Blower S. Evaluating the potential impact of vaginal microbicides to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV in female sex workers. AIDS 19 (2005) 413-421
37. Public Health Working Group of the Microbicide Initiative. The public health benefits of microbicides in lower-income countries: model projections (2002), The Rockefeller Foundation Microbicide Initiative, New York. http://www.microbicide.org/microbicideinfo/rockefeller/estimating.the.pu blic.health.pdf (accessed June 14, 2007).
38. Foss A., Vickerman P., Heise L., and Watts C. Shifts in condom use following microbicide introduction: should we be concerned?. AIDS 17 (2003) 1227-1237
39. Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter 4 (2006) 67-76
40. The Global HIV Prevention Working Group. New Approaches to HIV Prevention: Accelerating Research and Ensuring Future Access (2006). http://www.gatesfoundation.org/nr/downloads/globalhealth/aids/pwg_2006_r eport.pdf (accessed June 14, 2007).