TSH concentration within the normal range is associated with cognitive function and ADHD symptoms in healthy preschoolers

Clinical Endocrinology

Volumn 66, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 890-898

  Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar ^a   Ribas Fitó, Núria ^a   Torrent, Maties ^b   Julvez, Jordi ^a   Ferrer, Carlos ^a   Sunyer, Jordi ^a,c  

^a INST MUNIC D INVESTIGACIO MEDICA   (Spain)

^b Primary Health Care Center of Mahó   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIOTHYRONINE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; COGNITION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERACTIVITY; IMPULSIVENESS; LIOTHYRONINE BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PEDIATRICS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; RISK FACTOR; SKILL; SPAIN; SYMPTOM; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COGNITION DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REFERENCE VALUES; THYROID FUNCTION TESTS; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE;

EID: 34347399121     PISSN: 03000664     EISSN: 13652265     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02871.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. de Escobar, G.M., Obregon, M.J. del Rey, F.E. (2004) Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18, 225 248.
2. Chan, S. Kilby, M.D. (2000) Thyroid hormone and central nervous system development. Journal of Endocrinology, 165, 1 8.
3. Porterfield, S.P. Hendrich, C.E. (1993) The role of thyroid hormones in prenatal and neonatal neurological development - current perspectives. Endocrine Reviews, 14, 94 106.
4. Anderson, G.W. (2001) Thyroid hormones and the brain. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 22, 1 17.
5. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/article/001193.htm Updated on 20 October 2005 by Nikheel, S., Kolatkar, M.D. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
6. Haddow, J.E., Palomaki, G.E., Allan, W.C., Williams, J.R., Knight, G.J., Gagnon, J., O'Heir, C.E., Mitchell, M.L., Hermos, R.J., Waisbren, S.E., Faix, J.D. Klein, R.Z. (1999) Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 549 555.
7. Pop, V.J., Kuijpens, J.L., van Baar, A.L., Verkerk, G., van Son, M.M., de Vijlder, J.J., Vulsma, T., Wiersinga, W.M., Drexhage, H.A. Vader, H.L. (1999) Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy. Clinical Endocrinology, 50, 149 155.
8. Calvo, R.M., Jauniaux, E., Gulbis, B., Asuncion, M., Gervy, C., Contempre, B. Morreale de Escobar, G. (2002) Fetal tissues are exposed to biologically relevant free thyroxine concentrations during early phases of development. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87, 1768 1777.
9. Kooistra, L., Laane, C., Vulsma, T., Schellekens, J.M., van der Meere, J.J. Kalverboer, A.F. (1994) Motor and cognitive development in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Journal of Pediatrics, 124, 903 909.
10. Murphy, G.H., Hulse, J.A., Smith, I. Grant, D.B. (1990) Congenital hypothyroidism: physiological and psychological factors in early development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 711 725.
11. Rovet, J.F., Ehrlich, R.M. Sorbara, D.L. (1992) Neurodevelopment in infants and preschool children with congenital hypothyroidism: etiological and treatment factors affecting outcome. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 17, 187 213.
12. Rovet, J.F. Ehrlich, R.M. (1995) Long-term effects of 1-thyroxine therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. Journal of Pediatrics, 126, 380 386.
13. Rovet, J. (1999) Congenital hypothyroidism: long-term outcome. Thyroid, 9, 741 748.
14. Weber, G., Mora, S., Prina Cerai, L.M., Siragusa, V., Colombini, J., Medaglini, S., Fornara, C., Locatelli, T., Comi, G. Chiumello, G. (2000) Cognitive function and neurophysiological evaluation in early-treated hypothyroid children. Neurological Sciences, 21, 307 314.
15. Glorieux, J., Dussault, J.H., Letarte, J., Guyda, H. Morissette, J. (1983) Preliminary results on the mental development in children with hypothyroidism detected by Quebec Screening Programme. Journal of Pediatrics, 102, 19 22.
16. Glorieux, J., Dussault, J.H., Morissette, J., Desjardins, M., Letarte, J. Guyda, H. (1985) Follow-up at ages 5 and 7 years on mental development in children with hypothyroidism detected by Quebec Programme. Journal of Pediatrics, 107, 913 915.
17. Tillotson, S.L., Fuggle, P.W., Smith, I., Ades, A.E. Grant, D.B. (1994) Relation between biochemical severity and intelligence in early treated congenital hypothyroidism: a threshold effect. British Medical Journal, 309, 440 445.
18. New England Congenital Hypothyroidism Collaborative 1981) Effects of neonatal screening for hypothyroidism: prevention of mental retardation by treatment before clinical manifestations. Lancet, 2, 1095 1098.
19. Bauer, M. Whybrow, P.C. (2001) Thyroid hormone, neural tissue and mood modulation. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2, 59 69.
20. Tejani-Butt, S.M., Yang, J. Kaviani, A. (1993) Time course of altered thyroid states on 5-HT1A receptors and 5-HT uptake sites in rat brain: an autoradiographic analysis. Neuroendocrinology, 57, 1011 1018.
21. Tejani-Butt, S.M. Yang, J. (1994) A time course of altered thyroid states on the noradrenergic system in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. Neuroendocrinology, 59, 235 244.
22. Constant, E.L., de Volder, A.G., Ivanoiu, A., Bol, A., Labar, D., Seghers, A., Cosnard, G., Melin, J. Daumerie, C. (2001) Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in hypothyroidism: a positron emission tomography study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 3864 3870.
23. Yen, P.M. (2001) Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiological Reviews, 81, 1097 1142.
24. Madeira, M.D., Sousa, N., Lima-Andrade, M.T., Calheiros, F., Cadete-Leite, A. Paula-Barbosa, M.M. (1992) Selective vulnerability of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons to hypothyroidism in male and female rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 322, 501 518.
25. Rami, A., Patel, A.J. Rabie, A. (1986) Thyroid hormone and development of the rat hippocampus: morphological alterations in granule and pyramidal cells. Neuroscience, 19, 1217 1226.
26. Gould, E., Allan, M.D. McEwen, B.S. (1990) Dendritic spine density of adult hippocampal pyramidal cells is sensitive to thyroid hormone. Brain Research, 525, 327 329.
27. Whybrow, P.C. Bauer, M. (2005) Behavioral and psychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism. In : Braverman, L.E., Utiger, R.D. eds. The Thyroid, 9th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 842 849.
28. Whybrow, P.C. Bauer, M. (2005) Behavioral and psychiatric aspects of thyroxicosis. In : Braverman, L.E., Utiger, R.D. eds. The Thyroid, 9th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 644 650.
29. Dugbartey, A.T. (1998) Neurocognitive aspects of hypothyroidism. Archives of International Medicine, 158, 1413 1418.
30. Polk, S., Sunyer, J., Munoz-Ortiz, L., Barnes, M., Torrent, M., Figueroa, C., Harris, J., Vall, O., Anto, J.M. Cullinan, P. (2004) A prospective study of Fel d1 and Der p1 exposure in infancy and childhood wheezing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170, 273 278.
31. Ribas-Fito, N., Cardo, E., Sala, M., de Muga, E., Mazon, C., Verdu, A., Kogevinas, M., Grimalt, J.O. Sunyer, J. (2003) Breastfeeding, exposure to organochlorine compounds, and neurodevelopment in infants. Pediatrics, 111, e580 e585.
32. Ribas-Fito, N., Torrent, M., Carrizo, D., Muñoz-Ortiz, L., Julvez, J., Grimalt, J.O. Sunyer, J. (2006) In utero exposure to background concentrations of DDT and cognitive functioning among preschoolers. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164, 955 962.
33. McCarthy, D. (1972) Manual for the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Psychological Corp, New York.
34. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
35. Grimalt, J.O., Sunyer, J., Moreno, V., Amaral, O.C., Sala, M., Rosell, A., Anto, J.M. Albaiges, J. (1994) Risk excess of soft-tissue sarcoma and thyroid cancer in a community exposed to airborne organochlorinated compound mixtures with a high hexachlorobenzene content. International Journal of Cancer, 56, 200 203.
36. Sala, M., Sunyer, J., Herrero, C., To-Figueras, J. Grimalt, J.O. (2001) Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 58, 172 177.
37. Utiger, R.D. (1999) Editorial: Maternal hypothyroidism and fetal development. New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 601 602.
38. Vermiglio, F., Lo Presti, V.P., Moleti, M., Sidoti, M., Tortorella, G., Scaffidi, G., Castagna, M.G., Mattina, F., Violi, M.A., Crisa, A., Artemisia, A. Trimarchi, F. (2004) Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in the offspring of mothers exposed to mild-moderate iodine deficiency: a possible novel iodine deficiency disorder in developed countries. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89, 6054 6060.
39. Stein, M.A., Weiss, R.E. Refetoff, S. (1995) Neurocognitive characteristics of individuals with resistance to thyroid hormone: comparisons with individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 16, 406 411.
40. Ganguli, M., Burmeister, L.A., Seaberg, E.C., Belle, S. DeKosky, S.T. (1996) Association between dementia and elevated TSH: a community-based study. Biological Psychiatry, 40, 714 725.
41. Stein, M.A. Weiss, R.E. (2003) Thyroid function tests and neurocognitive functioning in children referred for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 304 316.
42. Weiss, R.E., Stein, M.A., Trommer, B. Refetoff, S. (1993) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and thyroid function. The Journal of Pediatrics, 123, 539 545.
43. Dorn, L.D. (1997) Baseline thyroid hormones in depressed and non-depressed pre- and early-pubertal boys and girls. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 31, 555 567.
44. Wahlin, A., Wahlin, T.B., Small, B.J. Backman, L. (1998) Influences of thyroid stimulating hormone on cognitive functioning in very old age. The Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53, 234 239.
45. Wahlin, A., Bunce, D. Wahlin, T.B. (2005) Longitudinal evidence of the impact of normal thyroid stimulating hormone variations on cognitive functioning in very old age. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 625 637.
46. Andersen, S., Pedersen, K.M., Bruun, N.H. Laurberg, P. (2002) Narrow individual variations in serum T(4) and T(3) in normal subjects: a clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87, 1068 1072.
47. Demers, L.M. Spencer, C.A. (2002) Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines. Laboratory support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease, National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB). Available at: http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/thyroid_LMPG_Word.stm (accessed 25 May 2006).
48. Meier, C.A., Maisey, M.N., Lowry, A., Muller, J. Smith, M.A. (1993) Interindividual differences in the pituitary-thyroid axis influence the interpretation of thyroid function tests. Clinical Endocrinology, 39, 101 107.
49. Elmlinger, M.W., Kuhnel, W., Lambrecht, H.G. Ranke, M.B. (2001) Reference intervals from birth to adulthood for serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T3, free T4, thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and thyrotropin (TSH). Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 39, 973 979.
50. Surks, M.I., Ortiz, E., Daniels, G.H., Sawin, C.T., Col, N.F., Cobin, R.H., Franklyn, J.A., Hershman, J.M., Burman, K.D., Denke, M.A., Gorman, C., Cooper, R.S. Weissman, N.J. (2004) Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA, 291, 228 238.
51. Baldini, I.M., Vita, A., Mauri, M.C., Amodei, V., Carrisi, M., Bravin, S. Cantalamessa, L. (1997) Psychopathological and cognitive features in subclinical hypothyroidism. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 21, 925 935.
52. McDermott, M.T. Ridgway, E.C. (2001) Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 4585 4590.
53. Razvi, S., Ingoe, L., Keeka, G., Oates, C., McMillan, C. Weaverm, J.U. (2007) The beneficial effect of 1-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomised, crossover trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, in press.
54. British Thyroid Association 2006) UK Guidelines for Thyroid Function Tests, July. Available at: http://www.british-thyroid-association.org/ TFT_guideline_final_version_July_2006.pdf (accessed 24 July 2006).