Advances in burn care

Current Opinion in Critical Care

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 405-410

  Namias, Nicholas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Abdominal compartment syndrome; Burns; Resuscitation; Smoke inhalation; Thermal injuries

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; DEXTRAN; LEVOFLOXACIN; OXANDROLONE; RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A; STEROID;

ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; BIOSYNTHESIS; BLEEDING; BURN; BURN INFECTION; BURN PATIENT; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DECOMPRESSION; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIGESTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; HYPOVOLEMIA; IMAGING; INHALATION; INTENSIVE CARE; KIDNEY PERFUSION; LABORATORY; MEDICAL EXPERT; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MONITORING; MYOCARDITIS; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PREDICTION; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; SMOKE; TRANSFUSION; URINE VOLUME;

BURNS; HUMANS; PATIENT CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34347358732     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e328263888f     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Palmieri TL, Caruso DM, Foster KN, et al. Effect of blood transfusion on outcome after major burn injury: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1602-1607. This paper provides a perspective on the transfusion practices of major burn centers. It establishes the benchmark.
2. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:409-417.
3. •]. This paper shows that restrictive transfusion can be safe in burns.
4. Oda J, Yamashita K, Inoue T, et al. Resuscitation fluid volume and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with major burns. Burns 2006; 32:151-154. A resuscitation volume of 300 ml/kg per 24 h appears to be a threshold for ACS.
5. Oda J, Ueyama M, Yamashita K, et al. Hypertonic lactated saline resuscitation reduces the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome in severely burned patients. J Trauma 2006; 60:64-71. Intra-abdominal hypertension was avoided with hypertonic resuscitation. It provides an alternative for clinicians facing frequent ACS.
6. Jensen AR, Hughes WB, Grewal H. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome in children with burns and trauma: a potentially lethal complication. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:242-246.
7. Corcos AC, Sherman HF. Percutaneous treatment of secondary abdominal compartment syndrome. J Trauma 2001; 51:1062-1064.
8. Latenser BA, Kowal-Vern A, Kimball D, et al. A pilot study comparing percutaneous decompression with decompressive laparotomy for acute abdominal compartment syndrome in thermal injury. J Burn Care Rehabil 2002; 23:190-195.
9. Parra MW, Al-Khayat H, Smith HG, Cheatham ML. Paracentesis for resuscitation-induced abdominal compartment syndrome: an alternative to decompressive laparotomy in the burn patient. J Trauma 2006; 60:1119-1121. This simple technique can prevent the need for laparotomy in selected cases.
10. Palmieri TL, Levine S, Schonfeld-Warden N, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to sustained stress after major burn injury in children. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:742-748. Endocrine insufficiency is found to be very common in burned children. Approaches to diagnosis and doubts regarding treatment are discussed.
11. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:858-873.
12. Kuwa T, Jordan BS, Cancio LC. Use of power Doppler ultrasound to monitor renal perfusion during burn shock. Burns 2006; 32:706-713. This report may be a glimpse into the future, when image guided measures of organ perfusion will be available.
13. Arlati S, Storti E, Pradella V, et al. Decreased fluid volume to reduce organ damage: a new approach to burn shock resuscitation? A preliminary study. Resuscitation 2007; 72:371-378. Resuscitation to noninvasive hemodynamic end-points leads to less fluid administration than devotion to urine output. The concept of permissive hypovolemia enters the literature.
14. Hoskins SL, Elgjo GI, Lu J, et al. Closed-loop resuscitation of burn shock. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:377-385. Infusion pumps and urinary catheters may be attached to the same motherboard someday, allowing precise automated fluid infusion rates based on urine output.
15. Horton JW, Maass DL, White DJ. Hypertonic saline dextran after burn injury decreases inflammatory cytokine responses to subsequent pneumoniarelated sepsis. Am J Physiol 2006; 290:H1642-H1650.
16. Horton JW, Sanders B, White DJ, Maass DL. The effects of early excision and grafting on myocardial inflammation and function after burn injury. J Trauma 2006; 61:1069-1077. This study provides evidence from the bench of the benefits of early excision and grafting. It is excellent food for thought for practicing burn doctors.
17. Khan RM, Verma V, Bhradwaj A, et al. Difficult laryngeal mask airway placement in a pediatric-burned patient: a new solution to an old problem. Paediatr Anaesth 2006; 16:360-361. This is a simple letter to the editor that can save a life the next time you are on call. It is a 'must read' for clinicians who are responsible for the airway.
18. Wang D, Zwischenberger JB, Savage C, et al. High-frequency percussive ventilation with systemic heparin improves short-term survival in a LD100 sheep model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:463-471.
19. Morita N, Traber MG, Enkhbaatar P, et al. Aerosolized alpha-tocopherol ameliorates acute lung injury following combined burn and smoke inhalation injury in sheep. Shock 2006; 25:277-282.
20. Maybauer MO, Maybauer DM, Fraser JF, et al. Recombinant human activated protein C improves pulmonary function in ovine acute lung injury resulting from smoke inhalation and sepsis. Crit CareMed 2006; 34:2432-2438.
21. Palmieri TL, Enkhbaatar P, Bayliss R, et al. Continuous nebulized albuterol attenuates acute lung injury in an ovine model of combined burn and smoke inhalation. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1719-1724.
22. Wiener-Kronish JP, Matthay MA. Beta-2-agonist treatment as a potential therapy for acute inhalational lung injury. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1841-1842.
23. Huang PS, Tang GJ, Chen CH, Kou YR. Whole-body moderate hypothermia confers protection from wood smoke-induced acute lung injury in rats: the therapeutic window. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1160-1167.
24. Sheridan RL. Uncuffed endotracheal tubes should not be used in seriously burned children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7:258-259. The title and report are sage advice from an experienced pediatric burn doctor. This is a 'must read' before your next pediatric intubation.
25. Chen LW, Huang HL, Lee IT, et al. Hypertonic saline enhances host defense to bacterial challenge by augmenting Toll-like receptors. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1758-1768.
26. Kiser TH, Hoody DW, Obritsch MD, et al. Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with severe burn injury. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1937-1945. This paper explains why simple reliance on a report from the microbiology laboratory of 'sensitive' or 'resistant' can lead to treatment failures. It is important reading when selecting empiric antibiotics for serious infections.
27. Conil JM, Georges B, Breden A, et al. Increased amikacin dosage requirements in burn patients receiving a once-daily regimen. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28:226-230. Burn patients remain a pharmacodynamic minefield. Aminoglycosides allow us to measure drug concentrations and should not be abandoned.
28. de La Cal MA, Cerda E, Garcia-Hierro P, et al. Survival benefit in critically ill burned patients receiving selective decontamination of the digestive tract: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ann Surg 2005; 241:424-430.
29. Eggimann P, Chiolero RL, Raffoul W, et al. Is there really a survival benefit of SDD in burns? Ann Surg 2006; 244:325-326; author reply 326-7. This is an extremely important letter to the editor that helps to put the findings of de La Cal et al. [28] into perspective.
30. Suman OE, Mlcak RP, Chinkes DL, Herndon DN. Resting energy expenditure in severely burned children: analysis of agreement between indirect calorimetry and prediction equations using the Bland-Altman method. Burns 2006; 32:335-342. All of the work of calculating energy requirements grossly underestimates caloric needs. Read this and then order an indirect calorimeter for your unit.
31. Mlcak RP, Jeschke MG, Barrow RE, Herndon DN. The influence of age and gender on resting energy expenditure in severely burned children. Ann Surg 2006; 244:121-130. This paper further refines the influences on the energy requirements of burned children.
32. Przkora R, Herndon DN, Suman OE. The effects of oxandrolone and exercise on muscle mass and function in children with severe burns. Pediatrics 2007; 119:e109-e116. This randomized trial that proves the benefits of oxandrolone and exercise combined. Consider this part of the new core curriculum for burns.
33. Wolf SE, Edelman LS, Kemalyan N, et al. Effects of oxandrolone on outcome measures in the severely burned: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:131-139. This is a seminal contribution that establishes a new standard of care. Read it today; adopt the practice tomorrow.
34. McCullough MC, Namias N, Schulman C, et al. Incidence of hepatic dysfunction is equivalent in burn patients receiving oxandrolone and controls. J Burn Care Res 2007; 28:415-420.
35. Galeano M, Altavilla D, Bitto A, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin improves angiogenesis and wound healing in experimental burn wounds. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1139-1146. Recombinant human erythropoietin, a tool of the intensivist, may aid in wound healing.
36. Samama CM, Albaladejo P, Benhamou D, et al. Venous thromboembolism prevention in surgery and obstetrics: clinical practice guidelines. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 23:95-116. This report is noteworthy in that it shows that we still rely on expert opinion for thromboembolic disease prevention in burns.
37. Johansson PI, Eriksen K, Alsbjorn B. Rescue treatment with recombinant factor VIIa is effective in patients with life-threatening bleeding secondary to major wound excision: a report of four cases. J Trauma 2006; 61:1016-1018.
38. Kerby JD, McGwin G Jr, George RL, et al. Sex differences in mortality after burn injury: Results of analysis of the National Burn Repository of the American Burn Association. J Burn Care Res 2006; 27:452-456.