Stuart London and the idea of a royal capital city

Renaissance Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 37-58

  Robertson, James ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES   (Jamaica)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 34347292623     PISSN: 02691213     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1477-4658.00355     Document Type: Article

References (156)

1. Ian Archer, 'The 1590s: apotheosis or nemesis of the Elizabethan regime?', in Asa Briggs and Daniel Snowman (eds), Fins de Siècle: How Centuries End 1400-2000 (New Haven, 1996), 64-97;
2. idem The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London (Cambridge, 1991);
3. Steve Rappaport, Worlds Within Worlds: The Structure of Life in Sixteenth-Century London (Cambridge, 1989);
4. Roger B. Manning, Village Revolts: Social Protest and Popular Disturbances in England, 1509-1640 (Oxford, 1988), 167-70, 186-219;
5. Roger Finlay and Beatrice Shearer, 'Population growth and suburban expansion', in A. L. Beier and Roger Finlay (eds), London 1500-1700: The Making of the Metropolis (Harlow, 1986), 37-59;
6. Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (London, 1985; rev. edn Oxford, 1990), 144-60;
7. Keith Lindley, 'Riot prevention and control in early Stuart London', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 33 (1983), 109-26;
8. Valerie Pearl, 'Change and stability in early modern London', London Journal, 5 (1981), 3-34,
9. and A. L. Beier, 'Social problems of Elizabethan London', Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 9 (1978), 203-21.
10. Philip Benedict, 'More than market and manufactory: the cities of early modern France' French Historical Studies, 20 (1997), 511-38.
11. M. J. Power, 'London and the control of the "crisis" of the 1590s', History, 70 (1985), 371-85,
12. and R. B. Outhwaite, 'Food crises in early modern England: patterns of public response', in M. W. Flynn (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Economic History Congress (2 vols, Edinburgh, 1978), II, 367-74, stress government 'concerns'.
13. On diverging approaches at Whitehall and the Guildhall in assessing reports of plague, James Robertson, 'Reckoning with London: interpreting the Bills of Mortality before John Graunt', Urban History, 23 (1996), 325-50.
14. Edmund Hickeringill, Jamaica Viewed: . . . (London, 1661), Wing, H1816, 55,
15. now transcribed and lightly abridged in Thomas A. Krise (ed.), Caribbeana: An Anthology of English Literature of the West Indies, 1657-1777 (Chicago, 1999), 31-50 at 40.
16. On visitors' categories, Antoni Macombining ogonekczak, 'Observations on wealth and economic development in Renaissance and Baroque travel literature', in Jaroslaw Pelenski (ed.), State and Society in Europe from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century (Warsaw, 1981), 203-14.
17. Gordon Donaldson, Scotland: James V to James VII (Edinburgh, 1965), 304.
18. Roger Lockyer, Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham 1592-1628 (London, 1981), 136-65;
19. David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark (Edinburgh, 1997), 35-9, 48-50.
20. On settings for English royal splendor, David Howarth, Images of Rule: Art and Politics in the English Renaissance, 1485-1649 (Basingstoke, 1997);
21. R. Malcolm Smuts, 'Art and the material culture of majesty in early Stuart England', in idem (ed.), The Stuart Court and Europe: Essays in Politics and Political Culture (Cambridge, 1996), 86-112.
22. Eliza Jeffries Davis, 'The Transformation of London', in R. W. Seaton-Watson (ed.), Tudor Studies Presented by the Board of Studies in History in the University of London to Albert Frederick Pollard (London, 1924), 287-314 at 294, 303;
23. Simon Thurley, 'Whitehall Palace and Westminster 1400-1600: a royal seat in transition', in David Gaimster and Paul Stamper (eds), The Age of Transition: The Archaeology of English Culture 1400-1600 (Oxford, 1997), 93-104.
24. C. R. Ashbee (ed.), Bromley-by-Bow (London, 1900), 33-40, pls 20-31;
25. John Harris, 'The Greenwich layout', Architectural Review, 127 (1960), 344-6.
26. A strong case for an elite 'westward shift' starting before the Great Fire of 1666 is made in Lawrence Stone, 'The residential development of the West End of London in the seventeenth century', in Barbara Malament (ed.), After the Reformation: Essays in Honor of J.H. Hexter (Philadelphia, 1980), 167-212.
27. Peter Lake, 'Retrospective: Wentworth's political world in revisionist and post-revisionist perspective', in Julia Merritt (ed.), The Political World of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford 1621-1641 (Cambridge, 1996), 281.
28. The downe-fall of Dagon, or the beating down of Cheapside Cross (London, 1643), Wing, D2084,
29. and Roy Strong, Lost Treasures of Britain (London, 1990), 94.
30. Elizabeth's interventions, John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford (2 vols, Oxford, 1908), I, 265-7,
31. and for its successive re-gilding for James and Charles, 'Cheapsides Triumphs, and Chyrones Crosses Lamentation' (1625), in Hyder Edward Rollins (ed.), The Pepys Ballads, II, 1625-1640 (Cambridge, 1929-32), 47-53 at 49;
32. Michael Reed, 'London and its hinterland, 1600-1800: the view from the provinces', in Peter Clark and Bernard Lepetit (eds), Capital Cities and their Hinterlands in Early Modern Europe (Aldershot, 1996), 51-83.
33. These problems were exacerbated when the royal purveyors continued to take first pick at the city's markets. Pauline Croft, 'Parliament, purveyance and the City of London 1589-1608', Parliamentary History, 4 (1985), 9-34;
34. Eric N. Lindquist, 'The king, the people and the House of Commons: the problems of early Jacobean purveyance', Historical Journal, 31 (1988), 549-70.
35. Marie-Thérèse Jones-Davies, 'La glorification de Londres, ou les triomphes de Troia-Novant', in Marie-Thérèse Jones-Davies (ed.), Les cites au temps de la Renaissance, (Paris, 1977), 77-101;
36. David Hickman, 'From Catholic to Protestant: the changing meaning of testamentary religious provisions in Elizabethan London', in Nicholas Tyacke (ed.), England's Long Reformation, 1500-1800 (London, 1997), 117-39,
37. and Julia Merritt, 'Puritans, Laudians, and the phenomenon of church-building in Jacobean London', Historical Journal, 41 (1998), 935-60.
38. John Stow, A Survey of London, ed. A. Mundy (London, 1618), STC, 23344, 100.
39. Richard Mackenney, The City State, 1500-1700: Republican Liberty in an Age of Princely Power (Atlantic Highlands, 1989),
40. Alexander Cowan, 'Urban élites in early modern Europe: an endangered species', Historical Research, 44 (1991), 121-37.
41. Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, ed. W. D. Macray (6 vols, Oxford, 1888), I, 499;
42. Robert Ashton, The City and the Court, 1603-1643 (Cambridge, 1979).
43. Felicity Heal and Clive Holmes, The Gentry in England and Wales, 1500-1700 (Stanford, 1994), 140-1, 311-16.
44. On 'Town' society, see R. Malcolm Smuts, Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England (Philadelphia, 1987), 53-72;
45. Martin Butler, Theatre and Crisis, 1632-1642 (Cambridge, 1984), 100-40,
46. and, for a slightly earlier period, Andrew Gurr, Playgoing in Shakespeare's London (Cambridge, 1987).
47. C. H. McIlwain (ed.), The Political Works of James I (Cambridge, 1918), 343.
48. For London's literary construction, Lawrence Manley, Literature and Culture in Early Modern London (Cambridge, 1995),
49. along with essays by Ian Archer, David Bevington, Martin Butler, Keith Lindley, Lawrence Manley, and Paul Seaver in David L. Smith, Richard Strier, and David Bevington (eds), The Theatrical City: Culture, Theatre and Politics in London, 1576-1649 (Cambridge, 1995);
50. Edward T Bonahue, Jr, 'Social control, the city, and the market: Heywood's "If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody"', Renaissance Papers, (1993), 75-90;
51. Bernard Capp, The World of John Taylor the Water-Poet, 1578-1653 (Oxford, 1994);
52. Lorna Hutson, Thomas Nashe in Context (Oxford, 1989);
53. Leah S. Marcus, Puzzling Shakespeare: Local Reading and Its Discontents (Berkeley, 1988), 160-211
54. and Leah S. Marcus, The Politics of Mirth: Jonson, Herrick, Milton, Marvell, and the Defense of Old Holiday Customs (Chicago, 1986), 64-105.
55. C. W. Brooks, Pettifoggers and Vipers of the Commonwealth: The Lower Branch' of the Legal Profession in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1986), 48-111.
56. Tom Cogswell, 'Underground verse and the transformation of early Stuart political culture', in Susan Dwyer Amussen and Mark Kishlansky (eds), Political Culture and Cultural Politics in Early Modern England: Essays Presented to David Underdown (Manchester, 1995), 277-300.
57. Felicity Heal, Hospitality in Early Modern England (Oxford, 1990), 113-22.
58. News reaching the shires, Richard Cust, 'News and politics in early seventeenth-century England', Past & Present, 112 (1986), 60-90
59. and circulating the city streets, Dagmar Friest, Governed by Opinion: Politics, Religion and the Dynamics of Communication in Stuart London, 1637-1645 (London, 1997), 34-47.
60. Christopher Kitching, 'Re-roofing Old St Paul's Cathedral, 1561-66', London Journal, 12 (1985), 123-33;
61. John Summerson, 'The works from 1547-1660', in Howard Colvin (ed.), The History of the King's Works [HKW], III, 1485-1660 (Part I) (London, 1962-82), 63-6.
62. John Harris and Gordon Higgott, Inigo Jones: Complete Architectural Drawings (New York, 1989), 38-9;
63. Robert Sommerville, 'St Paul's Cathedral repairs: the propaganda of Henry Farley', London Topographical Record, 25 (1985), 163-75.
64. On James's 1620 visit, John Nichols (ed.), The Progresses, Processions, and Magnificent Festivities of King James the First (4 vols, London, 1828), IV, 593-602.
65. James's choices were left open until the last minute: the appointed sermon text, Psalm cii. 13-14, seems inherently ambivalent, leaving him the option to 'arise and have compassion on Zion; For it is a time to be gracious to her. For the appointed hour has come.' Or else for 'Thy servants [to] find pleasure in her stones, and feel pity for her dust.' An alternative text, 2 Chronicles, xxiv.8, offered 'So the king commanded, and they made a chest and set it outside by the gate of the house of the Lord.' Sommerville, 'St Paul's Cathedral Repairs', 173-4.
66. Kevin Sharpe, The Reign of Charles I (New Haven, 1992), 322.
67. The military opportunities available to Charles at this juncture are described in L. J. Reeve, Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule (Cambridge, 1989), 272-88,
68. and, still more pessimistically, by Ronald Asch, The Thirty Years War: The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-48 (Basingstoke, 1997), 73-129.
69. Sharpe offers a more sympathetic assessment of Caroline foreign policy that emphasizes the degree to which Charles hoped to obtain his wartime goals through negotiation. Sharpe, Reign, 78-82.
70. Edmund Waller, 'Upon his Majesties repairing of Pauls', 61-2.
71. For suggestive individual readings, see David Howarth, 'The politics of Inigo Jones' in David Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage in the Caroline Courts: Essays in Honour of Sir Oliver Millar (Cambridge, 1993), 68-89;
72. John Newman, 'Inigo Jones and the politics of architecture', in Kevin Sharpe and Peter Lake (eds), Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (Stanford, 1994), 229-55;
73. R. Malcolm Smuts, 'The court and its neighborhood: royal policy and urban growth in the early Stuart West End', Journal of British Studies, 30 (1991), 117-49;
74. and, more contentiously, Vaughan Hart, Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts (London, 1994).
75. James F. Larkin and Paul L. Hughes (eds), Stuart Royal Proclamations I. Royal Proclamations of King James I, 1603-1625 (Oxford, 1975), 346.
76. James M. Osborn (ed.), The Quenes Maiesties Passage through the Citie of London to Westminster the Day before her Coronacion (New Haven, 1960), 26.
77. It was reprinted at James's accession. The royall passage of her majesty from the tower to White-hall (London, 1604), STC, 7592.
78. Against new building, Paul L. Hughes and James F. Larkin (eds), Tudor Royal Proclamations (3 vols, New Haven, 1964-9), II. The Later Tudors (1555-1587), 466-8;
79. Larkin and Hughes, Royal Proclamations of James I, 346,
80. Helen Miller, 'London and Parliament in the Reign of Henry VIII', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 35 (1962), 146.
81. I am grateful to Fred Conrad for this reference. Thomas G. Barnes, 'The prerogative and environmental control of London building in the early seventeenth century: the lost opportunity', California Law Review, 58 (1970), 1340-55.
82. McIlwain (ed.), Political Works of James I, 343.
83. Roger H. Leech, 'The prospect from Rugman's Row: the row house in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century London', Archaeological Journal, 153 (1996), 201-42.
84. Mark Girouard, Robert Smythson and the Elizabethan Country House (New Haven, 1983), 247-51.
85. Linda Campbell, 'Documentary evidence for the building of Raynham Hall', Architectural History, 32 (1989), 52-67 at 57.
86. Per Palme, The Triumph of Peace: A Study of the Whitehall Banqueting House (Stockholm, 1956), 64-7;
87. John Summerson, Inigo Jones (Harmondsworth, 1966), 43-66;
88. John Summerson, 'Surveyorship of Inigo Jones', in HKW, III, 138.
89. Roy Strong, Britannia Triumphans: Inigo Jones, Rubens and Whitehall Palace, Neurath Lecture, 12 (London, 1980), 55-64.
90. Waller, 'Upon His Majesties repairing of Pauls', ll. 9-10;
91. David Howarth, 'Rubens's "owne portrait'", Apollo, 132 (1990), 238-41.
92. Howard Colvin, The Canterbury Quadrangle St John's College, Oxford (Oxford, 1988), 8-9, 44-52.
93. John Newman, 'Nicholas Stone's Goldsmiths' Hall: design and practice in the 1630s', Architectural History, 14 (1971), 30-7.
94. Howard Colvin, 'Inigo Jones and the Church of St Michael le Querne', London Journal, 12 (1986), 36-9.
95. Cited in Colvin, 'Inigo Jones and the Church of St Michael le Querne', 38.
96. William Sanderson, A Complete History of the Life and Reign of King Charles from his Cradle to his Grave (London, 1658), Wing, S646, 311.
97. Margaret Whinney, John Webb's drawings for Whitehall Palace', Walpole Society, 31 (1946), 45-107;
98. Felix Barker and Ralph Hyde, London As It Might Have Been (London, 1982), 13-17.
99. Hilary Ballon, The Paris of Henri IV: Architecture and Urbanism (Cambridge, 1991), 57-9, 68-113, 125-65.
100. On ex-monastic sites alienated under Elizabeth, John Schofield, 'Building in religious precincts in London at the Dissolution and after', in Roberta Gilchrist and H. C. Mytum (eds), Advances in Monastic Archaeology, British Archaeological Reports, British Series, 227 (Oxford, 1993), 29-41.
101. Brian Quintrell, 'Lancashire ills, the King's will and the troubling of Bishop Bridgeman', Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 132 (1983), 67-102;
102. Stone, 'Residential Development of the West End', 177-80.
103. David Thomson, Renaissance Architecture: Critics, Patrons, Luxury (Manchester, 1993), 180-3,
104. also Antoni Macombining ogonekczak, Travel in Early Modern Europe (Warsaw, 1978; English trans. Cambridge, 1995), 263-6;
105. W. Lotz, 'Gli 883 cocchi della Roma del 1594', in Studi offerti a Giovanni Incisa della Ruchetta, Miscellanea della Società Romana di Storia Patria, 23 (Rome, 1973), 247-66.
106. On creating through routes in papal projects for Renaissance Rome, see C. Burroughs, 'Absolutism and the rhetoric of topography', in Zeynep Çelik, Diana Favro, and Richard Ingersoll (eds), Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space (Berkeley, 1994), 189-202.
107. Alfred J. Loomie (ed.), Ceremonies of Charles I: The Note Books of John Finet, 1628-1641 (New York, 1987), 27-30, et passim.
108. Hart, Art and Magic, 158-84, probably goes too far in invoking a wider 'hierarchical geometry' shaping parts of this route, but he does offer perceptive comments on individual buildings along the way.
109. Harris and Higgott, Inigo Jones: Complete Architectural Drawings, 251-3.
110. 1 April 1657, An Act for the appointing and nominating of streets, lanes, alleys . in and about the towne of St. Michael, 'The Lucas Manuscripts', Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society, 21 (1953), 62-5,
111. also Tony Campbell, The Printed Maps of Barbados, Map Collectors' Series, 21 (London, 1965), pl. xvi.
112. Walter Muir Whitehall, Boston: A Topographical History (Cambridge, 1959; 2nd edn 1968), 13.
113. Carville V. Earle, Geographical Inquiry and American Historical Problems (Stanford, 1992), 32-7.
114. Contemporary criticisms are summarized in T. H. Breen (ed.), 'George Donne's "Virginia Reviewed": a 1638 plan to reform colonial society', William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 30 (1973), 449-66.
115. Henry M. Miller, 'Baroque cities in the wilderness: archaeology and urban development in the colonial Chesapeake', Historical Archaeology, 22 (1988), 57-73,
116. revised in 'Archaeology and town planning', in Geoff Egan and R. L. Michael (eds), Old and New Worlds (Oxford, 1999), 72-83.
117. Karen O. Kupperman, Providence Island, 1630-1641: The Other Puritan Colony (Cambridge, 1993).
118. R. K. Hannay and G. P. H. Watson, 'The building of the Parliament House', The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club, 13 (1924), 1-78;
119. David M. Bergeron, 'Charles I's Edinburgh pageant (1633)', Renaissance Studies, 6 (1992), 173-84.
120. The sustained royal pressure for these municipal projects contrasts with the need for monarchs' own visits to stimulate work on their Scottish palaces, John Imrie, 'The royal castles and palaces of Scotland: an aspect of remote administration', in Stale Dyrvik, Knut Mykland, and Jan Oldervoll (eds), The Satellite State in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Bergen, 1979), 141-56.
121. Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England), The City of York, IV North-East: Outside of the City Walls East of the Ouse (London, 1975), 34-5, also color-coded ground plans in rear pocket;
122. Clair Cross, 'From the Reformation to the Restoration', in Gerald Aylmer and Ronald Cant (eds), A History of York Minster (Oxford, 1977), 193-232 at 212.
123. Raymond Gillespie, 'Dublin 1600-1700: a city and its hinterlands', in Clark and Lepetit (eds), Capital Cities and their Hinterlands, 84-104 at 86-7.
124. William Hunt, 'Civic chivalry and the English Civil War', in Anthony Grafton and Ann Blair (eds), The Transmission of Culture in Early Modern Europe (Philadelphia, 1990), 204-37.
125. More ambivalent local responses are described in Esther S. Cope, Politics without Parliaments, 1629-1640 (London, 1987), 117-21,
126. and Kenneth Fincham, 'The judges' decision on ship money in February 1637: the reaction of Kent', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 57 (1984), 230-7.
127. 'Ovatio Carolina, the Triumph of King Charles . . .' (1641) in Harleian Miscellany (12 vols, London, 1808-1811), v, 86-103.
128. R. Malcolm Smuts, 'Public ceremony and royal charisma: the English royal entry in London, 1485-1642',
129. in A. L. Beier, David Cannadine, and James M. Rosenheim (eds), The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone (Cambridge, 1989), 65-93 at 91-2;
130. Valerie Pearl, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution: City Government and National Politics (Oxford, 1961), 126-8.
131. Ludovic Huygens, The English Journal, 1651-1652, eds A. G. H. Bachrach and R. G. Collmer, Publications of the Sir Thomas Browne Institute, n.s. 1 (Leiden, 1982), 55, 110, 43.
132. For these plans in the summer of 1641 and the earl of Pembroke's potential role in them, Conrad Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War (Oxford, 1990), 159.
133. On Pembroke's proposed rebuilding of Durham House at this juncture, John Bold, John Webb: Architectural Theory and Practice in the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1990), 69-74.
134. While on Suffolk House on the Strand, Jeremy Wood, 'The architectural patronage of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland', in John Bold and Edward Chaney (eds), English Architecture Public and Private: Essays for Kerry Downes (London, 1993), 58-74.
135. Clarendon, History, I, 264.
136. He was hardly alone. Ian Roy, '"This Proud Unthankfull City": a Cavalier view of London in the Civil War', in Steven Porter (ed.), London and the Civil War (Basingstoke, 1996), 149-74;
137. Thomas N. Cornes, 'The image of London in propaganda of the English Civil War', Bulletin of the Society for Renaissance Studies, 2 (1984), 21-8.
138. For attempts to preserve it, see A. T Bolton and B. D. Hendry (eds), Designs and Drawings by Sir Christopher Wren for St Paul's Cathedral, The Residentiaries' Houses, and the Deanery (Oxford, 1936), 20-2.
139. T F. Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London After the Great Fire (London, 1940), 40-67, 101-11, 291-2 et passim;
140. also, Barker and Hyde, London As It Might Have Been, 21-6,
141. and Stephen Porter, The Great Fire of London (Stroud, 1996), 97-152;
142. on the New Quay's compromises, Gustav Milne, The Great Fire of London (New Barnet, 1986), 108-9.
143. Elizabeth McKellar, The Birth of Modern London: The Development and Design of the City 1660-1720 (Manchester, 1999).
144. The phrase is from Georges Roth (ed.), Un Voyageur Français a Londres en 1685: M. de Sainte-Marie (Taris, 1968), 21.
145. C.D. Chandaman, The English Public Revenue, 1660-1688 (Oxford, 1975), 9-36;
146. Nualah Zahedieh, 'London and the colonial commerce in the late seventeenth century', Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 47 (1994), 239-61,
147. and, from a different perspective, Karen O'Brien, 'Imperial georgic, 1660-1789',
148. in Gerald MacLean, Donna Laundry, and Joseph P. Ward (eds), The Country and the City Revisited: England and the Politics of Culture, 1550-1850 (Cambridge, 1999), 160-79.
149. Michael Powson and David Buisseret, Port Royal, Jamaica (Oxford, 1975), 81-97.
150. for 'Love Lane', Spanish Town, Jamaica Archives, 1B/11/1/1a, Patents, i, 1661-5, fol. 80, 13 April 1664, grant to John Man.
151. James Robertson, 'Late seventeenth-century Spanish town: building an English city on Spanish foundations', forthcoming; Richard Blome, A Description of the Island of Jamaica (London, 1672), Wing, B3209, 36.
152. Henry A. M. Smith, 'Willtown or New London', South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, 10 (1909), 20-32.
153. Mark P. Leone and Silas D. Henry, 'Seeing: the power of town planning in the Chesapeake', Historical Archaeology, 32 (1998), 39-62;
154. 2? Another look at the origins of Savannah', in H. H. Jackson and Pinzey Spaulding (eds), Forty Years of Diversity: Essays on Colonial Georgia (Athens, 1984), 101-51.
155. Jennifer Levin, The Charter Controversy in the City of London 1660-1688 and its Consequences (London, 1969);
156. Geoffrey Parnell, 'The refortification of the Tower of London, 1679-86', Antiquaries Journal, 63 (1983), 337-52.