Changes of MoS2 morphology and the degree of Co segregation during the sulfidation and deactivation of commercial Co-Mo/Al2O 3 hydroprocessing catalysts

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 46, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 3945-3954

  Eijsbouts, Sonja ^a   Van Den Oetelaar, Leon C A ^a   Louwen, Jaap N ^a   Van Puijenbroek, Rob R ^b   Van Leerdam, G C ^b  

^a Albemarle Corporation   (United States)

^b AKZO NOBEL CENTRAL RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSTS; MORPHOLOGY; SEGREGATION (METALLOGRAPHY); TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

GAS PHASE REACTIONS; HYDROPROCESSING CATALYSTS; SULFIDE SEGREGATION;

MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS;

CATALYSTS; MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS; MORPHOLOGY; SEGREGATION (METALLOGRAPHY); TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

EID: 34250888689     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie061131x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. 2 structures in high activity hydrotreating catalysts 2. Evolution of the active phase during the catalyst life cycle. Deactivation model. Appl. Catal., A: Gen. 1993, 105, 69.
2. Marinkovic-Neducin, R.; Hantsche, H.; Micic, R.; Boskovic, G.; Kis, E.; Lomic, G.; Pavlovic, P. Deactivation of industrial hydrotreating catalyst for middle petroleum fractions processing. Appl. Catal., A: Gen, 1994, 107, 133.
3. Karroua, M.; Matralis, H.; Grange, P.; Delmon, B. Unsupported NiMo catalysts. Influence of the sulfiding temperature and evolution of the unsupported NiMoS phase during reaction. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1995, 104, 11.
4. Eijsbouts, S. On the flexibility of the active phase in hydrotreating catalysts. Appl. Catal., A: Gen. 1997, 158, 53.
5. Bouwens, S. M. A. M.; van Dijk, M. P.; van der Kraan, A. M.; Koningsberger, D. C.; van Zon, F. B. M.; de Beer, V. H. J.; van Veen, J. A. R. On the structural differences between alumina-supported CoMoS Type I and alumina-, silica-, and carbon-supported CoMoS Type II phases studied by XAFS [(EXAFS)], MES [(Mössbauer emission spectroscopy)], and XPS. J. Catal. 1994, 146, 375.
6. 3 catalysts in the deep desulfurization of Kuwait atmospheric gas oil. Fuel Sci. Technol. Int. 1995, 13, 1135.
7. 3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts during a one-year commercial run. Catal. Today 1996, 29, 261.
8. 3 studied using high-resolution electron microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 11795.
9. 3 catalysts. J. Catal. 2004, 227, 523.
10. 3 hydroprocessing catalysts. J. Catal. 2005, 229, 352.
11. de la Rosa, M. P.; Texier, S.; Berhault, G.; Camacho, A.; Yacaman, M. J.; Mehta, A.; Fuentes, S.; Montoya, J. A.; Murrieta, F.; Chianelli, R. R. Structural studies of catalytically stabilized model and industrial-supported hydrodesulfurization catalysts. J. Catal. 2004, 225, 288.
12. Gil-Llambias, F. J.; Rodriguez, H.; Bouyssieres, I.; Escudey, M.; Carkovic, I. Hydrodesulfurization catalysts electrophoretic study of Mo(or W)-Co, Mo(or W)-Ni, and Mo(or W)-Ca sulfided phases. J. Catal. 1986, 102, 37.
13. Chiu, N. S.; Johnson, M. F. L.; Bauer, S. H. Co/Mo/alumina catalyst structure determination by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) 4. Co-K edge in the oxide and sulfided states. J. Catal. 1988, 113, 281.
14. Guenter, J. R.; Koranyi, T. I.; Marks, O.; Paal, Z. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) of cobalt-molybdenum catalysts: Structural changes and activity. Appl. Catal. 1988, 39, 285.
15. Prada Silvy, R.; Grange, P.; Delmon, B. Activation of cobalt-molybdenum hydrodesulfurization catalysts: Influence of the sulfidation procedure on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1990, 53, 233.
16. 3 supported Co-Mo catalysts in thiophene hydrodesulfurization. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1990, 53, 261.
17. Diaz, G.; Luna, R.; Rios-Jara, D.; Banos, L. X-ray diffraction study of a CoMo sulfide obtained by the impregnated thiosalt decomposition method. Catal. Lett. 1990, 7, 377.
18. Bouwens, S. M. A. M.; van Veen, J. A. R.; Koningsberger, D. C.; de Beer, V. H. J.; Prins, R. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure [(EXAFS)] determination of the structure of cobalt in carbon-supported Co and Co-Mo sulfide hydrodesulfurization catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 123.
19. Permana, H.; Lee, S.; Ng, K. Y. S. Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of cluster sizes of molybdenum-based catalysts on graphite. Catal. Lett. 1994, 24, 363.
20. Inamura, K.; Prins, R. The role of Co in unsupported Co-Mo sulfides in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1995, 92, 401.
21. 2 intercalation compounds in HDS catalysis. J. Catal. 1998, 175, 129.
22. 2S pulse tracer method. Appl. Catal., A: Gen. 2000, 196, 103.
23. 2S pulse tracer method. Catal. Lett. 2001, 72, 83.
24. Okamoto, Y.; Kawano, M.; Kawabata, T.; Kubota, T.; Hiromitsu, I. Structure of the Active Sites of Co-Mo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts as Studied by Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement and NO Adsorption. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 288.
25. Freeman, G. B.; Long, N. J.; Heink, J.; Davis, B. H. Coal liquefaction catalysts. The growth of cobalt sulfide particles during use at 450°C. Appl. Catal. 1986, 23, 309.
26. McCormick, R. L.; King, J. A.; King, T. R.; Haynes, H. W. Influence of support on the performance of coal liquid hydrotreating catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 940.
27. Darcissac, J.; Labruyere, F.; Brahma, N.; Dufresne, P. Protection of catalysts by deposition of a protective layer. U.S. Patent 6,294,498, 1997.
28. 2 dispersion. Appl. Catal., A: Gen. 1993, 105, 53.
29. Guinier, A. X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies; Dover Publications Inc.: New York, 1994.
30. Tettenhorst, R. T.; Corbató, C. E. Comparison of experimental and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data for boehmite. Clays Clay Miner. 1988, 36, 181.
31. 2. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B 1983, 39, 404.
32. Hallie, H. Experience Reveals Best Presulfiding Techniques for HDS and HDN Catalysts, Oil Gas J. 1982, 80, 69.
33. Blashka, S.; Bond, G.; Ward, D. New presulfurized catalyst reduces exotherm potential in hydrocrackers. Oil Gas J. 1998, 96, 36.
34. Dufresne, P.; Labruyere, F. Off-site presulfuration of a hydroconversion catalyst comprises treatment with hydrogen and a sulfurized compound. EP993868, 2000.
35. Dufresne, P.; Eijsbouts, S.; Labruyere, F.; Plantenga, F. L. Sulfiding catalyst composition, used in hydrotreating hydrocarbon feeds, involves contacting with organic liquid prior to contacting with hydrogen and sulfurcontaining compound in gaseous phase. WO0176741, 2000.
36. Texier, S.; Berhault, G.; Perot, G.; Harle, V.; Diehl, F. Activation of alumina-supported hydrotreating catalysts. J. Catal. 2004, 223, 404.
37. Cruz-Reyes, J.; Avalos-Borja, M.; Farias, M. H.; Fuentes, S. Hydrodesulfurization catalysts prepared by two methods analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. J. Catal. 1992, 137, 232.
38. Sayles, S.; Bailor, J.; Ohmes, R. ULSD problems and solutions. Petr. Technol. Q. 2004, 9 (5), 107.
39. 3 hydrodesulfurization. J. Catal. 2004, 222, 281.
40. Dugulan, A. I.; Craje, M. W. J.; Overweg, A. R.; Kearley, G. J. The evolution of the active phase in CoMo/C hydrodesulfurization catalysts under industrial conditions: a high-pressure Mössbauer emission spectroscopy study. J. Catal. 2005, 229, 276.
41. Massalski, T. B. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed.; ASM International: Materials Park, OH, 1990.
42. Knözinger, H.; Taglauer, E. Toward supported oxide catalysts via solid-solid wetting. Catalysis; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 1993; Vol. 10, p 1.