Peacekeepers, masculinities, and sexual exploitation

Men and Masculinities

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 99-119

  Higate, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exploitative social masculinities; Gendered power relations; Male peacekeepers; Military masculinities

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250880181     PISSN: 1097184X     EISSN: 15526828     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1097184X06291896     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Arkin, W., and L.R. Dobrofsky. 1978. Military socialization and masculinity. Journal of Social Issues 34: 151-68.
2. Barrett, F. 1996. The organisational construction of hegemonic masculinity: The case of the US Navy. Gender, Work and Organization 3: 129-42.
3. Brennan, D. 2001. Tourism in transnational places: Dominican sex workers and German sex tourists imagine one another. Identities 7 (4). 621-63.
4. Brooks-Gordon, B., and L. Gelsthorpe. 2003 a. What men say when apprehended for kerb crawling: A node of prostitute clients' talk. Psychology, Crime and Law 9 (2). 145-71.
5. . 2003 b. Prostitutes' clients, Ken Livingstone and a new Trojan horse. The Howard Journal 42 (5). 437-51.
6. Cabezas, A.L. 2004. Between love and money: Sex tourism and citizenship in Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Signs: Journal of Women and Culture in Society 29: 987-1015.
7. Cockburn, C., and D. Hubic. 2002. Gender and the peacekeeping military: A view from Bosnian women's organizations. In The postwar moment: Militaries, masculinities and international peacekeeping, edited by C. Cockburn and D. Zarkov, 103-21. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
8. Connell, B. 2004. Globalization, imperialism and masculinities. In Handbook of studies on men and masculinities, edited by M. Kimmel, J. Hearn, and R. W. Connell, 71-89. London: Sage.
9. Connell, R.W. 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
10. . 2002. Masculinities: The reduction of violence and the pursuit of peace. In The postwar moment: Militaries, masculinities and international peacekeeping, edited by C. Cockburn and D. Zarkov, 33-40. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
11. Enloe, C. 1993. The morning after. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
12. . 2000. Maneuvers. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
13. Fetherston, A.B. 1995. UN peacekeepers and cultures of violence. Cultural Survival Quarterly (Spring): 19-23.
14. . 1998. Voices from warzones: Implications for training UN peacekeepers. In A future for peacekeeping?, edited by E. Moxon-Browne, 67-79. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.
15. Fine, M., and P. Kuriloff. 2006. Forging and performing masculine identities within social spaces: Boys and men negotiating the crucible of dominant cultural representations at the intersection of class, race, ethnicity, and sexuality. Men and Masculinities (8). 257-61.
16. Grenz, S. 2005. Intersections of sex and power in research on prostitution: A female researcher interviewing male heterosexual clients. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture 30 (4). 2091-2113.
17. Harrington, C. 2003. Peacekeeping and prostitution in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. Paper presented at Gender and Power in the New Europe, 5th European Feminist Research Conference, Lund University, Sweden, August 20-24.
18. Hearn, J. 1996. A critique of the concept of masculinity/masculinities. In Understanding masculinities, edited by M. Mac an Ghaill, 202-17. Buckingham: Open University Press.
19. . 2004. From hegemonic masculinity to the hegemony of men. Feminist Theory 5 (1). 49-72.
20. Heinecken, L. 2003. Facing a merciless enemy: AIDS and the South African armed forces. Armed Forces and Society 29 (2). 281-300.
21. Higate, P. 2001. Theorizing military-civilian continuity. Armed Forces and Society 27 (3). 443-60.
22. . 2004. Gendered relations and peacekeeping in Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone, Monograph No. 91. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
23. Higate, P., and A. Cameron. 2006. Reflexivity and researching the military. Armed Forces and Society 32 (2). 219-33.
24. Hockey, J. 1986. Squaddies: Portrait of a subculture. Exeter, UK: Exeter University Press.
25. Hughes, D. 2000. The Natasha trade: The transnational shadow market of trafficking in women. Journal of International Affairs 53 (2). 625-51.
26. Krebs, R. 2004. A school for the nation: How military service does not build nations and how it might. International Security 28 (4). 85-124.
27. Krishnasamy, K. 2001. Recognition for Third World peacekeepers: India and Pakistan. International Peacekeeping 8 (4). 56-76.
28. Mackay, A. 2001. Sex and the peacekeeper soldier: The new UN Resolution. Peace News 2443. Available at http://www.peacenews.info/issues/2443/mackay.html (accessed July 24, 2003 ).
29. Martin, S. 2005. Must boys be boys? Ending sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping missions. Washington, DC: Refugees International.
30. Morgan, D. 1987. It will make a man of you: Notes on national service, masculinity and autobiography. Studies in Sexual Politics. No. 17. Department of Sociology: University of Manchester, UK.
31. Morgan, D. 1994. Theater of war: Combat, the military and masculinities. In Theorizing Masculinities, edited by H. Brod and M. Kaufman, 165-82. London: Sage.
32. O'Connell Davidson, J., and J. Sanchez Taylor. 1995. Child prostitution and sex tourism: Venezuela. Bangkok: ECPAT International.
33. O'Connell Davidson, J., and J. Sanchez Taylor. 1996. Child prostitution and tourism: Beyond the stereotypes. In Thatcher's children, edited by J. Pilcher and S. Wagg, 34-51. London: Falmer.
34. O'Connell Davidson, J. 1998. Prostitution, power and freedom. London / Cambridge: Polity / Blackwell.
35. Petersen, A. 2003. Research on men and masculinities: Some implications of recent theory for future work. Men and Masculinities 6 (1). 54-69.
36. Plummer, K. 1983. Documents of life. London: George Allen and Unwin.
37. Price, L.S. 2001. Finding the man in the soldier-rapist: Some reflections on comprehension and accountability. Women's Studies International Forum 24 (2). 211-27.
38. Razack, S. 2004. Dark threats white knights. The Somalia affair, peacekeeping and the new imperialism Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
39. Rehn, E., and E.J. Sirleaf. 2002. Women, war and peace: The independent experts' assessment of the impact of armed conflict on women and women's role in peacebuilding. New York: UNIFEM.
40. Save the Children (UK). 2006. From camp to community. Liberia study on exploitation of children. Discussion paper. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/ fromthefield/SaveChAlli/8322719b7b869a96b75baec8ceb5507e.htm (accessed May 8, 2006 ).
41. Sea-Ling, C. 2000. Assuming manhood: Prostitution and patriotic passions in Korea. Journal of East Asia 18 (4). 40-78.
42. Seabrook, J. 2000. Travels in the skin trade. London: Pluto.
43. Spencer, S.W. 2005. Making peace: Preventing and responding to sexual exploitation by United Nations peacekeepers. Journal of Public and International Affairs 16 (Spring): 167-81.
44. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2001. http://www. womenwarpeace.org/issues/violence/GBV_nairobi/PR_UNHCRguide.pdf (accessed February 8, 2006 ).
45. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees/Save the Children Fund United Kingdom. 2002. Sexual violence and exploitation: The experience of refugee children in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. Geneva.
46. Whitworth, S. 1998. Gender, race and the politics of peacekeeping. In A future for peacekeeping ?, edited by E. Moxon-Browne, 78-94. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.
47. . 2004. Men, militarism peacekeeping: A gendered analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.
48. Zeid, C. 2005. http://pbpu.unlb.org/pbpu/library/A-59-710%20English.pdf.