They Did Not Know Their Place : the Politics of Annie Golding and Kate Dwyer

Labour History

Volumn , Issue 87, 2004, Pages 31-48

  Deverall, Kate ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34250812344     PISSN: 00236942     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3828/27515997     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Kate Dwyer to Sara Lewis, 28 August 1916, in Women's Central Organising Committee Correspondence, 30 April 1912-25 October 1942, ALP Victorian Branch Women's Central Organising Committee, ALP Series, Tom Merrifield Collection, MS 13045, Box 107, Item 1, Latrobe Library, State Library of Victoria.
2. 'Our Public Women: Mrs Kate Dwyer, ' Daily Telegraph (Telegraph), 3 March 1915; Australian Worker (Worker), 29 January 1914, p. 1.
3. Biographical information in relation to the Golding sisters drawn from Worker, 12 November 1904, p. 6, 10 December 1904, p. 6, Lone Hand, 1 November 1911, p. 28
4. Woman's Voice, May 1905, p. 28;
5. Press cuttings in Rose Scott Papers, Womanhood Suffrage League Records, 1894-1902, ML MSS 38/35, Item 6, State Library of NSW (SL NSW); Beverley Kingston, 'Golding, Annie Mackenzie and Isabella Theresa' and Viva Gallego 'Dwyer, Catherine Winifred' in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1966, Vol. 8, pp. 386-38
6. Heather Radi, 'Kate Dwyer, ' in Heather Radi (ed.), 200 Australian Women: a Redress Anthology, Women's Redress Press, Broadway, Sydney, 1988;
7. Audrey Oldfield, Woman Suffrage in Australia: a Gift of a Struggle, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1992, pp. 93-95;
8. 'The Golding Story/ undated typescript written or dictated by Kate Dwyer, ca. 1940, personal records of Kate Dwyer held by her granddaughter-in-law, Nano Dwyer of Northbridge, Sydney (currently with SL NSW, for assessment).
9. Conversation with Nano Dwyer, 18 June 2003. Nano's husband was Allan Frederick Dwyer, a grandson of Kate Dwyer. Allan lived with Kate in Annandale (79 Annandale St) for a number of years. Nano met Kate later, during World War II. Email from Paul Dwyer (Nano's son) to Kate Deverall, 10 June 2003.
10. Proceedings of the Second and Third Australasian Catholic Congresses, Sydney, 1904 and 1909. See also, Hilary M. Carey, Truly Feminine, Truly Catholic: a History of the Catholic Women's League in the Archdiocese of Sydney 1913-87, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Press, Kensington, 1987.
11. 'Our Public Women: Mrs Kate Dwyer' and Dwyer, 'The Golding Story'.
12. Dwyer, 'The Golding Story'; Noeline Kyle, Her Natural Destiny: the Education of Women in New South Wales, UNSW Press, Kensington, 1986, p. 136.
13. Transcript of an interview granted to Annie Golding by the Public Service Board, 11 September 1906, p. 7, Department of Education subject files: Teachers' Associations and Classes, K/w 20/13271.1, State Archives of NSW (SA NSW).
14. Dwyer, 'The Golding Story'; Kate Deverall, 'A Bid for Affirmative Action: Annie Golding and the New South Wales Public School Teachers' Association, 1900-15/ Labour History, no. 77, November 1999, pp. 117-139.
15. 'A noted school master: Mr. M. Dwyer to retire/ Sunday News, 7 August 1921; Telegraph, 13 September, 1904, p. 7;
16. Woman's Sphere (hereafter Sphere), February 1905, p. 13;
17. Worker, 9 November 1905, p. 7; 30 November 1905, p. 7
18. General's Department to Annie Golding, 27 March 1916, all in Papers re shoplifting, the First Offenders (Women) Act and the Women's Legal Status Bill, 1905-39, 3/3165, SA NSW (Papers re Shoplifting); Third Australasian Catholic Congress, p. 292.
19. Worker, 20 May 1905, p. 5, 29 January 1914, p. 9;
20. Telegraph, 28 April 1920, p. 10.
21. Elizabeth Faue, 'Retooling the Class Factory. United States Labour History after Marx, Montgomery, and Postmodernism, ' Labour History, no. 82, May 2002, pp. 109-136.
22. For example, Oldfield, Woman Suffrage, pp. 93-95;
23. Judith Allen, Rose Scott: Vision and Revision in Australian Feminism, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1990, pp. 165-167, p. 181, pp. 196-202;
24. Graham Freudenberg, Cause for power: the Official History of the New South Wales Branch of the Australian Labor Party, Pluto Press, Sydney, 1991, pp. 75, 129-130, 137-138;
25. Bede Nairn, 'The Big Fella': lack Lang and the Australian Labor Party, 1891-1949, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1995, pp. 65, 68, 76, 116.
26. See Faue, 'Retooling the Class Factory/ at pp. 111-113.
27. Joy Damousi, 'Gendered Meanings and Action in Left Wing Movements' and Marilyn Lake, 'The Constitution of Political Subjectivity and the Writing of Labour History, ' both in Terry Irving (ed.), Challenges to Labour History, UNSW Press, Sydney, 1994.
28. For example, Judith Smart, 'Feminists, labour women and venereal disease in early twentieth century Melbourne', Australian Feminist Studies, no. 15, Autumn 1992, pp. 25-40
29. Melanie Raymond, 'Labour Pains: Women in Unions and the Labor Party in Victoria, 1903-1918/ Lilith, no. 5, Spring 1988.
30. There are no biographies of Labor Party women to compare with Allen's Rose Scott, nor studies of women in the Labor Party to compare with Joy Damousi's, Women Come Rally: Socialism and Gender in Australia, 1890-1955, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994.
31. Interview in the Telegraph, 21 April 1915, quoted in Oldfield, Woman Suffrage, p 88.
32. Allen, Rose Scott, p. 162.
33. Woman's Voice, May 1905, p. 28.
34. Judith Allen, 'Evidence and Silence: Feminism and the Limits of History/ in Carole Pateman and Elizabeth Gross (eds), Feminist Challenges. Social and Political Theory, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1986; Bradon Ellem, 'Retooling the Class Factory. Response
35. Making Sense of Institutions? Class, Space and Labour History/ Labour History, no. 82, May 2002, pp. 120-123.
36. Honorary Secretary's notebook in Womanhood Suffrage League, Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1902, Rose Scott Papers, ML MSS 38/36, SL NSW.
37. Sydney Morning Herald (SMH), 24 June 1902, p. 3.
38. Minutes of the Womanhood Suffrage League, 26 February 1901, 13 March 1901, 3 April 1901, 10 April 1901, 8 May 1901, 14 August 1901, 20 August 1901, 24 August 1901, 3 September 1901, 15 October 1901, 25 March 1902, 24 June 1902, 22 July 1902 & 26 August 1902, in Rose Scott Papers, ML MSS 38/33.
39. SMH, 5 August 1901, p.3, 1 October 1901, p. 9, 2 October 1902, p 5;
40. Sphere, September 1901, p 104, December 1901, p. 132, November 1902, p. 280;
41. Dawn, September 1901, p 16, November 1901, p. 8;
42. Papers re Shoplifting; 'The Awakening of Woman', Evening News. 12 October 1903, press cutting in 'Holman, Ada Augusta - Collection of stories, articles etc. by A.A. Holman and about her, 1902 1930', ML Ref. FA824/H, SL NSW.
43. Dawn, 1 October 1902, p. 14.
44. Rae Cooper, "To organise wherever the necessity exists": the activities of the Organising Committee of the Labor Council of NSW, 1900-10/ Labour History, no. 83, Nov 2002, pp. 43-64, at p.
45. See also, Sphere, 10 May 1903, p. 297, 10 August 1903, p.
46. Worker, 27 June 1903, p. 7, 25 July 1903, p. 3.
47. Press cuttings entitled 'For Women - Domestic's Wages Board - Mistresses and Maids in Committee' and 'The Other Side', c.1912, Rose Scott Papers, ML MSS 38/62, Items 1-5, cuttings numbers 457-457a, microfilm roll CY 3673
48. Daily Telegraph, 13 May 1920, p.
49. See also, Minutes of Executive and General Meetings, 6 May 1920 and 27 May 1920, in Records of National Council of Women, ML MSS 3739, MLK 3009, SL NSW (NCW Minutes); NSW Board of Trade, Compendium of Living Wage Decisions and Reports, Sydney, 1921, especially pp. 52-54;
50. Transcripts of Public Inquiries into the Living Wage for Adult Females in 1918, 1919 and 1920 in NSW Board of Trade, Transcripts of Proceedings, 1918, 1919 and 1920, K/w 2/5768, 2/5770, 2/5775, SA NSW; Worker, 30 October 1919, p. 11; Labor News, 7 December 1919, p. 7.
51. Belle was explicit on this point. Worker, 10 December 1904, p. 6.
52. The words are Annie's. Transcript of Public Inquiry into the Living Wage for Adult Females in 1919, p. 782.
53. Kereen Reiger, '"Clean, Comfortable and Respectable": Working Class Aspirations and the 1920 Royal Commission on the Basic Wage/ History Workshop, no. 27 (Spring, 1989), pp. 86.
54. See also, Annie Golding, 'Rates of Pay for Women', Rose Scott Papers, ML MSS 38/62, Items 1-5, Reel CY 3673, Frame 394, SL NSW, Lone Hand, 1 November 1911, p. 30, Worker, 28 November 1918, pp. 5 & 9, 26 December 1919, pp. 7 & 9;
55. Labor News, 14 December 1918, p. 5, 18 January 1919, p. 8;
56. Rules and Constitution, vol. 1916-1925, 1920 edition, p. 14.
57. SMH 2 September 1904, p. 6; Worker, 10 September 1904, p. 6, 27 April 1916, p. 16, 4 May 1916, p. 13, 4 March 1925, p. 4, 18 March 1925, p. 18, 13 May 1925, p. 18, 27 May 1925, pp. 6-7, 3 June 1925, p.
58. The Women's Committee's official title was the Women's Central Organsing Committee (WCOC). Reports of the WCOC, in ALP - NSW, Reports of the Executive, 1915-1948, binders title, call no. 329.3106/3, SL NSW
59. Dwyer, 'The Golding Story'; LC Jauncey, The Story of the Conscription Campaign in Australia, MacMillan, Melbourne, 1968, p. 195.
60. Worker, 29 January 1914, p.
61. See also, the Worker, 24 January 1907, p. 9, 25 July 1907, p. 15, 1 August 1907, p. 11, 8 August 1907, p. 9, 10 October 1907, p. 23, 30 January 1908, p. 18
62. Pamela Allan, A Preliminary Sketch of the Role of Women in the N.S.W. Branch of the Australian Labor Party, BA (Hons) thesis, Government, University of Sydney, 1974, Ch. 1
63. Julie Atkinson, Aspects of the Developing Political Relationship Between Working Class Women and Feminists, BA (Hons) thesis, History, University of Sydney, 1979, pp. 66-76.
64. First WCOC Annual Report in Worker, 21 October 1905 p. 5 and Worker, 17 August 1911, p.
65. For WCOC members involvement in factional disputes, see Report of the 1921 Federal Conference in ALP, Official Report of Proceedings, 1902-1921, binder's title, call no. ML 329.305/4, SL NSW; Worker, 13 June 1923, p. 5, 13 February 1924, p. 17, 4 June 1924, p. 15, 11 June 1924, p. 15, 18 June 1924, p. 15, 2 July 1924, p.
66. Cf. Freudenberg, Cause for Power, pp. 137-138;
67. Nairn, 'The Big Fella', pp. 65 & 68; Denis Murphy, Labor in Politics: the State Labor Parties in Australia, 1880-1920, Queensland University Press, St Lucia, Qld., 1975, pp. 87-88;
68. Vere Gordon Childe, A Study of Workers' Representation in Australia, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1964, pp. 57-58.
69. Worker, 4 March 1905, p.
70. See also Worker, 25 February 1905, p. 5, 11 March 1905, p. 5;
71. Sphere, 15 March 1905, pp. 1-2
72. Evening News, 10 February 1905, p. in 'Holman, Ada Augusta - Collection'.
73. Worker, 18 February 1905, p. 6.
74. 'New South Wales Elections/ ML Pamphlet File, Q 329.1 /N, SL NSW.
75. Marilyn Lake, 'The Independence of Women and the Brotherhood of Man: Debates in the Labour Movement over Equal Pay and Motherhood Endowment/ Labour History, no. 63, November 1992, pp. 1-24, at p.
76. Cf. State and Federal platforms for 1912: Rules and Constitution, vol. 1900-1915; Worker, 1 February 1912, pp. 11 & 33.
77. Worker, 6 August 1914, p. 5.
78. Mary Gilmore in Worker, 19 September 1912, p.
79. See also, Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, 25 September 1912.
80. Worker, 8 December 1910, p. 7, 20 June 1912, p. 17, 27 June 1912, p. 14, 1 August 1912, p. 13 and 24 October 1912, p. 15.
81. Worker, 4 February 1905, pp. 7-8, 21 October 1905, p. 5, 8 February 1912, p. 13;
82. Rules and Constitution, 1900-1915; State Children's Relief Board (SCRB), Report for 1911, p. 5, New South Wales Parliamentary Papers (NSWPP) 1911 (Second Session); SCRB, Report for 1914, pp. 9-12, 35-43, 64, NSWPP, 1914 (Second Session);
83. Select Committee on the Whole Administration of the State Children Relief Act, 1901, Progress Reports together with the Proceedings of the Committee and Minutes of Evidence, NSWPP, 1915-1916 (First Session), p. 935 and 1916 (Second Session), p. 1011.
84. New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, 20 October 1921, pp. 1004-1012 and see also, 20 December 1920, p. 4088, 29 September 1921, p. 848.
85. Worker, 22 September 1921, p. 17, 6 October 1921, p. 19.
86. Fifth Sectional Report of the Royal Commission to inquire into the Public Service of New South Wales, NSWPP, 1920, Vol. 5, p. 451, at p. 46 of the report; Labor News, 14 August 1920, p. 1, 2 October 1920, p. 1, 16 October 1920, p. 5;
87. NSWPD, 17 August 1922, pp. 1146-1147, 24 August 1922, pp. 1337-1340;
88. Handwritten amendment to an agenda gives priority to the Widows' Pension Bill, initialled by Lang and dated 12 November 1925 in Cabinet Meetings (Agendas), Premiers Department: Records of Cabinet, City 9/5107, SA NSW
89. Notes of a deputation to the Attorney General from the WPA, 18 August, 1915, p. 2 & p. 7, in Papers re Shoplifting.
90. Worker, 17 February 1910, p. 3, 26 February 1914, p. 19. 'Women Justices/ Rose Scott Papers, ML.
91. MSS 38, Box 62, Items 1-5, microfilm roll CY 3673, frame 150; Labor News, 11 June 1921, p. 2;
92. Papers re Shoplifting; Deverall, 'A Bid for Affirmative Action'.
93. Industrial Commission of New South Wales, Declaration of the Standard of Living and Living Wage for Adult Male Employees, 15 December 1926, ML call no. 331.214/N, SL NSW;
94. Worker, 26 May 1926, p. 5, 22 December 1926, p. 15, 29 December 1926, p. 18, 9 March 1927, pp. 6-8.
95. Truth, 2 January 1921 & 23 January 1921, news clippings in Papers of Dr Richard Arthur, ML MSS 473, Box 2, item 2a; and Labor Council Minute of a deputation to Mr. Cann about work for the unemployed, n.d., in attendance book no. 1, Records of the Labor Council of NSW, ML MSS 7-166 A, at A 3851;
96. Report of the 1921 Federal Conference in ALP, Official Report of Proceedings, 1902-1921;
97. Worker, 24 March 1910, p. 7, 9 June 1910, p. 7, 25 August 1910, p. 7, 8 September 1910, p. 7, 20 June 1918, p. 19, 3 July 1919, p. 7, 5 August 1920, p. 20, 22 September 1921, p. 17; Labor News, 21 February 1920, p. 5, 6 March 1920, p. 8, 24 April 1920, p. 7, 31 July 1920, p. 3, 11 December 1920, pp. 2, 4 &5, 18 December 1920, p. 2, 8 January 1921, p. 3, 22 January 1921, p. 2, 24 September 1921, p. 5, 19 November 1921, p. 2, 8 July 1922, p. 2, 22 July 1922, p. 2, 5 August 1922, p. 2; Telegraph, 14 May 1920, p. 4, 15 May 1920, p. 10, 17 May 1920, p. 1, 19 May 1920, p. 6; SMH, 19 May 1920, pp. 10 & 11;
98. Reports of State conference in Labor News, June 1920, April 1921 and June 1922, passim; news cuttings in George Black papers, 1874-1933, ML MSS 256, Box 5, Item 7;
99. Manuscript entitled 'Report of the Conference Investigation Committee, 17th June 1922' and manifesto presented to delegates to the 1924 annual conference of the NSW ALP both in Voltaire Moles worth papers, ML MSS 243, box 5, item (xv);
100. SMH, 16 January 1922, p. 9, 17 January 1922, p. 9; Worker, 19 March 1924, p. 12, 4 June 1924, p. 2.
101. Worker, 27 August 1924, p. 18, 11 February 1925, p. 5, 13 May 1925, p. 18, 27 May 1925, pp. 6-7, 2 June 1926, p. 5, 13 October 1926, p. 5, 9 February 1927, p. 5, 2 March 1927, pp. 2-3, 23 March 1927, p. 5, 30 March 1927, p. 5, 1 June 1927, p. 5;
102. WCOC Annual Report for 1925 in ALP - NSW, Reports of the Executive, 1915-1948; Summary of submissions received from the public regarding family endowment as at 31/1/27, file no. 249676 in Submissions to the Minister for Labour and Industry, 1927, Industrial Relations: correspondence and related records, K/w 6/3462.
103. Official Year Book of New South Wales, Sydney, Government of NSW, 1926 and 1928.
104. Annie argued that such a reduction would '[justify] the sweating of women by making it a basis on which to pay single men'. Truth, 23 January 1921, in Papers of Dr. Richard Arthur.
105. Reports of the proceedings of the All Australian Trade Unions Congress in Age, 24 June 1921, p. 9, 27 June 1921, p. 8
106. SMH, 24 June 1921, p. 10
107. Worker, 5 November 1924, p. 15, Labor News, 16 April 1921, p. 5
108. Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Report of the Royal Commission on the Basic Wage, Government Printer of Victoria, Melbourne, 1920, pp. 58-59
109. Lake, 'The Independence of Women'; Bettina Cass, Women, Children and the State: A Study of Child Endowment and Family Allowances, 1916-1981, Thesis (PhD), UNSW, 1983.
110. NCW Minutes, 20 March 1918, 22 April 1918, 5 June 1919, 17 July 1919, September 1919, 20 October 1919, 3 June 1920, 24 June 1920, 1 July 1920, 29 July 1920, 30 June 1921, 28 July 1921, 25 August 1921, 29 September 1921, 27 October 1921, 1 December 1921, 26 November 1925, 24 November 1927; Australian Highway, September 1920, November 1920, December 1920, January 1921, February 1921; The Women's Voice, September 1921; Labor News, 27 August 1921, p. 3, 27 August 1921, p. 7, 17 September 1921, p. 1
111. Worker, 29 September 1921, p. 2; news cuttings from the Sun and SMH both dated 21 August 1921 in Papers of Dr. Richard Arthur, ML MSS 473, Box 2, Item 2a.
112. Worker, 22 December 1926, pp. 3, 10, 11, 15, 16 & 18, 29 December 1926, pp. 3, 10 & 18, 26 January 1927, pp. 4 & 7, 16 February 1927, p. 3, 23 February 1927, pp. 2 & 14, 2 March 1927, p. 2 & 20, 9 March 1927, pp. 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16 March 1927, pp. 5, 11, 18, 23 March 1927, p. 3, 18, 30 March 1927, pp. 7, 14, 15, 16, 18;
113. A. H. Charteris, 'Family Endowment in New South Wales/ Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy, vol. V, no. 2, 1927, pp. 94-112.
114. Previous experience in Qld. Worker, 7 January 1925, p. 4, 18 February 1925, p. 9, 27 May 1925, p. 6, 3 June 1925, p. 2, 10 June 1925, p. 6, 12 August 1925, p. 15, 9 September 1925, p. 14, 16 September 1925, p. 12, 23 September 1925, p. 17;
115. A. B. Piddington, Report on the Productivity of Queensland and the Remuneration of Labour, Brisbane, The Queensland Trades Union Economic Research Committee, 1925.
116. Worker, 16 February 1911, p. 3, 23 February 1911, p. 3, 15 June 1911, p. 14, 29 June 1911, p. 12, 17 August 1911, p. 7, 7 September 1911, pp. 2 & 13, 1 February 1912, p. 11, 13 February 1913, p. 17, 4 May 1916, pp. 15, 19 & 20, 18 May 1916, pp. 15, 19 & 20, 25 May 1916, pp. 19 & 20, 20 July 1916, p. 19, 27 July 1916, pp. 5, 9 & 19, 3 August 1916, pp. 6 & 15, 10 August 1916, p. 14, 17 August 1916, p. 3, 24 August 1916, p. 3, 7 June 1917, p. 17, 14 June 1917, p. 17, 21 June 1917, pp. 17-18, 25 June 1924, pp. 14 & 16;
117. Labor News, 29 April 1922, p. 6, 13 May 1922, p. 2, 20 May 1922, p. 6, 27 May 1922, p. 2, 3 June 1922, p. 2, 20 January 1923, p. 2, 24 March 1923, p. 2, 5 May 1923, p. 1;
118. 'Scrapbook containing full story and documents with the history of the industrial section of the ALP' and anonymous, undated, printed leaflet entitled 'Executive for 1919' in 'papers, chiefly printed, re. A.L.P/ Papers of Voltaire Molesworth, ML MSS 71, Boxes 5 & 6 respectively, SL NSW; Voltaire Molesworth, 'The Story of the NSW Labor Party', and typescript entitled 'Resolutions adopted by Committee.
119. Federal and State parliamentarians and Executive members' dated 18 May 1922, Papers of Voltaire Molesworth, ML MSS 243, Boxes 4 (xii) and 5 (xv) respectively, SL NSW; Constitution of the Majority Labor Party in George Waite papers, ML MSS 208, Box 2, Item titled 'Printed Material, 1910-1926', SL NSW; Minutes of Conference held at Trades Hall, Sydney, 21 June 1924, in Records of the Labor Council of NSW, ML MSS 7-166, A 3851, Book 2, SL NSW;
120. Labor Women's Council of NSW Rules and Constitution and Kate Dwyer to Sara Lewis, 28 August 1916, in Women's Central Organising Committee, ALP Series, Tom Merrifield Collection, MS 13045, Box 107, State Library of Victoria; Cf. Childe, Workers' Representation, pp. 57-58.
121. List of delegates for the 'Annual Conference June 1919' in 'Labour Party in Australia: Handbills, Press Cuttings & etc', (binders title), ML catalogue no. Q329.31 /A, SL NSW; list of delegates for '1926 A.L.P Conference/ in Voltaire Molesworth papers, ML MSS 243, Box 5, Item 16, SL NSW. Lists of delegates to State Conference were also published in the Worker until 1908 and in the Labor Daily from 1923.
122. Worker, 20 July 1916, p. 19, News cutting of a report of a congress of delegates from the NSW ALP Executive and affiliated and unaffiliated trade unions on 28 April 1923, in George Black Papers, 1874-1933, ML MSS 256, Box 5, Item 7 (emphasis added).
123. Anonymous blue pamphlet and typescript entitled 'A Benefit A.L.P. Concert' and annotated 'ALP Conf. 1926', both in Voltaire Molesworth papers, ML MSS 243, Box 5, Items 15 and 16 respectively, SL NSW.
124. Worker, 18 May 1916, p. 19.
125. Rules and Constitution, 1916-1925; Worker, 25 May 1927, p. 3.
126. Nairn, The Big Fella, pp. 154-157, 171-179 & 333, fn. 43;
127. List of delegates for the 'Annual Conference June 1919';
128. Rules and Constitution, vols 1900-1915 & 1916-1925;
129. Allan, A Preliminary Sketch.
130. The expression is Faue's, 'Retooling the class factory', p. 111