메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 498-503

Causes and consequences of hyperglycemia in critical illness

Author keywords

Critical illness; Glucose intolerance; Hyperglycemia; Stress

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN;

EID: 34250653598     PISSN: 13631950     EISSN: 15353885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281a3bf0a     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients
    • Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1359-1367.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3
  • 2
    • 0842268332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals
    • Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:553-597.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 553-597
    • Clement, S.1    Braithwaite, S.S.2    Magee, M.F.3
  • 3
    • 33750500326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting
    • Inzucchi SE. Clinical practice. Management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:1903-1911.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1903-1911
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1
  • 4
    • 0038644956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: Time for change
    • Trence DL, Kelly JL, Hirsch IB. The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: time for change. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:2430-2437.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 2430-2437
    • Trence, D.L.1    Kelly, J.L.2    Hirsch, I.B.3
  • 5
    • 33746653814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus statement oninpatient diabetes and glycemic control: A call to action
    • ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes
    • ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus statement oninpatient diabetes and glycemic control: a call to action. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1955-1962.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1955-1962
  • 6
    • 0034603545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: A systematic overview
    • Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet 2000; 355:773-778.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 773-778
    • Capes, S.E.1    Hunt, D.2    Malmberg, K.3    Gerstein, H.C.4
  • 7
    • 0034800666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: A systematic overview
    • Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, et al. Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic overview. Stroke 2001; 32:2426-2432.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2426-2432
    • Capes, S.E.1    Hunt, D.2    Malmberg, K.3
  • 8
    • 11844277032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent hyperglycemia in critically ill children
    • Faustino EV, Apkon M. Persistent hyperglycemia in critically ill children. J Pediatr 2005; 146:30-34.
    • (2005) J Pediatr , vol.146 , pp. 30-34
    • Faustino, E.V.1    Apkon, M.2
  • 9
    • 0037849854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
    • Furnary AP, Gao G, Grunkemeier GL, et al. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125:1007-1021.
    • (2003) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.125 , pp. 1007-1021
    • Furnary, A.P.1    Gao, G.2    Grunkemeier, G.L.3
  • 10
    • 33847308759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:233-243. This randomized trial of tight glycemic control during cardiac surgery found no difference between groups in a composite clinical end-point. All patients received tight control postoperatively, and so this study raises the question of how much time is necessary to observe a benefit from glycemic control.
    • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:233-243. This randomized trial of tight glycemic control during cardiac surgery found no difference between groups in a composite clinical end-point. All patients received tight control postoperatively, and so this study raises the question of how much time is necessary to observe a benefit from glycemic control.
  • 11
    • 12444268259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance following a transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke
    • Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Inzucchi SE, et al. Prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance following a transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:227-233.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 227-233
    • Kernan, W.N.1    Viscoli, C.M.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3
  • 12
    • 0031889672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unrecognized diabetes among hospitalized patients
    • Levetan CS, Passaro M, Jablonski K, et al. Unrecognized diabetes among hospitalized patients. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:246-249.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 246-249
    • Levetan, C.S.1    Passaro, M.2    Jablonski, K.3
  • 13
    • 1642432937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke
    • Gray CS, Scott JF, French JM, et al. Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke. Age Ageing 2004; 33:71-77.
    • (2004) Age Ageing , vol.33 , pp. 71-77
    • Gray, C.S.1    Scott, J.F.2    French, J.M.3
  • 14
    • 0033602795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycometabolic state at admission: Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study
    • Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Ryden L. Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation 1999; 99:2626-2632.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2626-2632
    • Malmberg, K.1    Norhammar, A.2    Wedel, H.3    Ryden, L.4
  • 15
    • 0037157596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: A prospective study
    • Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Lancet 2002; 359:2140-2144.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2140-2144
    • Norhammar, A.1    Tenerz, A.2    Nilsson, G.3
  • 16
    • 0032757986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission plasma glucose. Independent risk factor for long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction even in nondiabetic patients
    • Norhammar AM, Ryden L, Malmberg K. Admission plasma glucose. Independent risk factor for long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction even in nondiabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1827-1831.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1827-1831
    • Norhammar, A.M.1    Ryden, L.2    Malmberg, K.3
  • 17
    • 0036962051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia: An independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes
    • Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, et al. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:978-982.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 978-982
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Isaacs, S.D.2    Bazargan, N.3
  • 18
    • 4544226453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of baseline glucose homeostasis to hyperglycemia during medical critical illness
    • Cely CM, Arora P, Quartin AA, et al. Relationship of baseline glucose homeostasis to hyperglycemia during medical critical illness. Chest 2004; 126:879-887.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 879-887
    • Cely, C.M.1    Arora, P.2    Quartin, A.A.3
  • 19
    • 32044465949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:449-461. This is the first randomized controlled trial to showthat normalization of blood glucose in a medical ICU results in decreased morbidity and mortality. The finding that mortality reduction was observed in patients staying longer than 3 days suggests that the benefits from intensive insulin therapy may require time to manifest.
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:449-461. This is the first randomized controlled trial to showthat normalization of blood glucose in a medical ICU results in decreased morbidity and mortality. The finding that mortality reduction was observed in patients staying longer than 3 days suggests that the benefits from intensive insulin therapy may require time to manifest.
  • 20
    • 34250671705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of left ventricular remodelling after first anterior myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients
    • Bauters C, Ennezat PV, Tricot O, et al. Stress hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of left ventricular remodelling after first anterior myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients. Eur Heart J 2007; 28:546-552.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 546-552
    • Bauters, C.1    Ennezat, P.V.2    Tricot, O.3
  • 21
    • 25844462830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between hyperglycaemia on admission and 180-day mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes
    • Ainla T, Baburin A, Teesalu R, Rahu M. The association between hyperglycaemia on admission and 180-day mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1321-1325.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 1321-1325
    • Ainla, T.1    Baburin, A.2    Teesalu, R.3    Rahu, M.4
  • 22
    • 33745683649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goyal A, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: results from the CARDINAL study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:1289-1297. Suggesting the importance of prompt correction of hyperglycemia, this study showed that not only elevated baseline glucose but also the failure of glucose levels to decrease during the first 24 h after acute myocarial infarction predicted higher mortality in nondiabetic patients.
    • Goyal A, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: results from the CARDINAL study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:1289-1297. Suggesting the importance of prompt correction of hyperglycemia, this study showed that not only elevated baseline glucose but also the failure of glucose levels to decrease during the first 24 h after acute myocarial infarction predicted higher mortality in nondiabetic patients.
  • 23
    • 1942519758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of admission plasma glucose and HbA in acute myocardial infarction
    • Hadjadj S, Coisne D, Mauco G, et al. Prognostic value of admission plasma glucose and HbA in acute myocardial infarction. Diabet Med 2004; 21:305-310.
    • (2004) Diabet Med , vol.21 , pp. 305-310
    • Hadjadj, S.1    Coisne, D.2    Mauco, G.3
  • 24
    • 25844446852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcome after acute myocardial infarction in the coronary intervention era
    • Ishihara M, Kojima S, Sakamoto T, et al. Acute hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcome after acute myocardial infarction in the coronary intervention era. Am Heart J 2005; 150:814-820.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.150 , pp. 814-820
    • Ishihara, M.1    Kojima, S.2    Sakamoto, T.3
  • 25
    • 13844276721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A prospective study
    • Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, et al. Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Circulation 2005; 111:754-760.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 754-760
    • Suleiman, M.1    Hammerman, H.2    Boulos, M.3
  • 26
    • 33645551386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of admission glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in acute coronary syndromes
    • Timmer JR, Ottervanger JP, Bilo HJ, et al. Prognostic value of admission glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in acute coronary syndromes. QJM 2006; 99:237-243.
    • (2006) QJM , vol.99 , pp. 237-243
    • Timmer, J.R.1    Ottervanger, J.P.2    Bilo, H.J.3
  • 27
    • 4644316874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of admission glucose in nondiabetic patients with myocardial infarction
    • Timmer JR, van der Horst IC, Ottervanger JP, et al. Prognostic value of admission glucose in nondiabetic patients with myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2004; 148:399-404.
    • (2004) Am Heart J , vol.148 , pp. 399-404
    • Timmer, J.R.1    van der Horst, I.C.2    Ottervanger, J.P.3
  • 28
    • 0037145914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era?
    • Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, et al. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:1748-1754.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 1748-1754
    • Wahab, N.N.1    Cowden, E.A.2    Pearce, N.J.3
  • 29
    • 20544451806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: Implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes
    • Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation 2005; 111:3078-3086.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3078-3086
    • Kosiborod, M.1    Rathore, S.S.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3
  • 30
    • 0037056360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission glucose level and clinical outcomes in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial
    • Bruno A, Levine SR, Frankel MR, et al. Admission glucose level and clinical outcomes in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. Neurology 2002; 59:669-674.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 669-674
    • Bruno, A.1    Levine, S.R.2    Frankel, M.R.3
  • 31
    • 0142088505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients
    • Finney SJ, Zekveld C, Elia A, Evans TW. Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA 2003; 290:2041-2047.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 2041-2047
    • Finney, S.J.1    Zekveld, C.2    Elia, A.3    Evans, T.W.4
  • 32
    • 0345374590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients
    • Krinsley JS. Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:1471-1478.
    • (2003) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.78 , pp. 1471-1478
    • Krinsley, J.S.1
  • 33
    • 0032942994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures
    • discussion 360-362
    • Furnary AP, Zerr KJ, Grunkemeier GL, Starr A. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:352-360; discussion 360-362.
    • (1999) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.67 , pp. 352-360
    • Furnary, A.P.1    Zerr, K.J.2    Grunkemeier, G.L.3    Starr, A.4
  • 34
    • 0032819946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes
    • Golden SH, Peart-Vigilance C, Kao WH, Brancati FL. Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1408-1414.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1408-1414
    • Golden, S.H.1    Peart-Vigilance, C.2    Kao, W.H.3    Brancati, F.L.4
  • 35
    • 2942722483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of early hyperglycemia to mortality in trauma patients
    • Laird AM, Miller PR, Kilgo PD, et al. Relationship of early hyperglycemia to mortality in trauma patients. J Trauma 2004; 56:1058-1062.
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.56 , pp. 1058-1062
    • Laird, A.M.1    Miller, P.R.2    Kilgo, P.D.3
  • 36
    • 33646480900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia has a stronger relation with outcome in trauma patients than in other critically ill patients
    • discussion 878-879. This study demonstrated that the association between hyperglycemia andmortality in a surgical ICU was most pronounced in patients suffering trauma, highlighting the need for a trial in trauma patients and that risk from hyperglycemia may be variable
    • Vogelzang M, Nijboer JM, van der Horst IC, et al. Hyperglycemia has a stronger relation with outcome in trauma patients than in other critically ill patients. J Trauma 2006; 60:873-877; discussion 878-879. This study demonstrated that the association between hyperglycemia andmortality in a surgical ICU was most pronounced in patients suffering trauma, highlighting the need for a trial in trauma patients and that risk from hyperglycemia may be variable.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , pp. 873-877
    • Vogelzang, M.1    Nijboer, J.M.2    van der Horst, I.C.3
  • 37
    • 24644437032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients
    • Sung J, Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, et al. Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma 2005; 59:80-83.
    • (2005) J Trauma , vol.59 , pp. 80-83
    • Sung, J.1    Bochicchio, G.V.2    Joshi, M.3
  • 38
    • 20144370337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients
    • Bochicchio GV, Sung J, Joshi M, et al. Persistent hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma 2005; 58:921-924.
    • (2005) J Trauma , vol.58 , pp. 921-924
    • Bochicchio, G.V.1    Sung, J.2    Joshi, M.3
  • 39
    • 17644386216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients
    • Van den Berghe G, Schoonheydt K, Becx P, et al. Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients. Neurology 2005; 64:1348-1353.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Schoonheydt, K.2    Becx, P.3
  • 40
    • 33745106258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia independently increases the risk of perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death after carotid endarterectomy
    • discussion 1066-1073
    • McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Brooke BS, et al. Hyperglycemia independently increases the risk of perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death after carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 2006; 58 (6):1066-1073; discussion 1066-1073.
    • (2006) Neurosurgery , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 1066-1073
    • McGirt, M.J.1    Woodworth, G.F.2    Brooke, B.S.3
  • 41
    • 33747160004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose and haemoglobin in the assessment of prognosis after first hospitalisation for heart failure
    • Newton JD, Squire IB. Glucose and haemoglobin in the assessment of prognosis after first hospitalisation for heart failure. Heart 2006; 92:1441-1446.
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , pp. 1441-1446
    • Newton, J.D.1    Squire, I.B.2
  • 42
    • 33747170551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission blood glucose level and mortality among hospitalized nondiabetic patients with heart failure
    • Barsheshet A, Garty M, Grossman E, et al. Admission blood glucose level and mortality among hospitalized nondiabetic patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1613-1619.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Barsheshet, A.1    Garty, M.2    Grossman, E.3
  • 43
    • 33645567943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Baker EH, Janaway CH, Philips BJ, et al. Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2006; 61:284-289.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 284-289
    • Baker, E.H.1    Janaway, C.H.2    Philips, B.J.3
  • 44
    • 33751380767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants
    • This study demonstrated that hyperglycemia increased the risk for mortality and sepsis in extremely low birth weight infants, a population with unique defects in glucose regulation
    • Kao LS, Morris BH, Lally KP, et al. Hyperglycemia and morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2006; 26:730-736. This study demonstrated that hyperglycemia increased the risk for mortality and sepsis in extremely low birth weight infants, a population with unique defects in glucose regulation.
    • (2006) J Perinatol , vol.26 , pp. 730-736
    • Kao, L.S.1    Morris, B.H.2    Lally, K.P.3
  • 45
    • 33845539898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes 2006; 55:3151-3159. This pooled analysis of previously published randomized trial data from surgical and medical ICUs demonstrates that normalization of blood glucose decreases morbidity and mortality. Although intensive insulin therapy is most effective after 3 days, it appears safe to initiate this treatment during the early days of hospitalization.
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes 2006; 55:3151-3159. This pooled analysis of previously published randomized trial data from surgical and medical ICUs demonstrates that normalization of blood glucose decreases morbidity and mortality. Although intensive insulin therapy is most effective after 3 days, it appears safe to initiate this treatment during the early days of hospitalization.
  • 46
    • 33745482771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • This meta-analysis of insulin therapy in ICU patients demonstrates that insulin treatment resulted in decreased mortality in trials where glucose control was a goal, andwhen glucose-insulin-potassiumpreparations were not the method of infusion
    • Pittas AG, Siegel RD, Lau J. Insulin therapy and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006; 30:164-172. This meta-analysis of insulin therapy in ICU patients demonstrates that insulin treatment resulted in decreased mortality in trials where glucose control was a goal, andwhen glucose-insulin-potassiumpreparations were not the method of infusion.
    • (2006) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 164-172
    • Pittas, A.G.1    Siegel, R.D.2    Lau, J.3
  • 47
    • 0037326620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control
    • Van den Berghe G, Wouters PJ, Bouillon R, et al. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:359-366.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 359-366
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.J.2    Bouillon, R.3
  • 48
    • 33746366222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hyperglycemia: Intensive insulin infusion in infarction (HI-5) study: a randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction
    • Cheung NW, Wong VW, McLean M. The hyperglycemia: intensive insulin infusion in infarction (HI-5) study: a randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:765-770.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 765-770
    • Cheung, N.W.1    Wong, V.W.2    McLean, M.3
  • 49
    • 12544259347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucose-insulin- potassium infusion on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: The CREATE-ECLA randomized controlled trial
    • Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Diaz R, et al. Effect of glucose-insulin- potassium infusion on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the CREATE-ECLA randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293:437-446.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 437-446
    • Mehta, S.R.1    Yusuf, S.2    Diaz, R.3
  • 50
    • 20244384563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): Effects on mortality and morbidity
    • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Wedel H, et al. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:650-661.
    • (2005) Eur Heart J , vol.26 , pp. 650-661
    • Malmberg, K.1    Ryden, L.2    Wedel, H.3
  • 51
    • 3442899889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients
    • Krinsley JS. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79:992-1000.
    • (2004) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.79 , pp. 992-1000
    • Krinsley, J.S.1
  • 53
    • 33344458722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean glucose level is not an independent risk factor for mortality in mixed ICU patients
    • Ligtenberg JJ, Meijering S, Stienstra Y, et al. Mean glucose level is not an independent risk factor for mortality in mixed ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:435-438.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 435-438
    • Ligtenberg, J.J.1    Meijering, S.2    Stienstra, Y.3
  • 54
    • 29144479953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of admission hyperglycemia on hospital mortality in various intensive care unit populations
    • Whitcomb BW, Pradhan EK, Pittas AG, et al. Impact of admission hyperglycemia on hospital mortality in various intensive care unit populations. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:2772-2777.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2772-2777
    • Whitcomb, B.W.1    Pradhan, E.K.2    Pittas, A.G.3
  • 55
    • 0029615360 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of admission hyperglycemia and factors related to it in patients with acute severe head injury
    • Yang SY, Zhang S, Wang ML. Clinical significance of admission hyperglycemia and factors related to it in patients with acute severe head injury. Surg Neurol 1995; 44:373-377.
    • (1995) Surg Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 373-377
    • Yang, S.Y.1    Zhang, S.2    Wang, M.L.3
  • 56
    • 0022533748 scopus 로고
    • Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in nondiabetic patients with myocardial infarction
    • Oswald GA, Smith CC, Betteridge DJ, Yudkin JS. Determinants and importance of stress hyperglycaemia in nondiabetic patients with myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 293:917-922.
    • (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.293 , pp. 917-922
    • Oswald, G.A.1    Smith, C.C.2    Betteridge, D.J.3    Yudkin, J.S.4
  • 57
    • 0242320403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal glucometabolic status has an impact on long-term prognosis following an acute myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients
    • Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Forberg R, et al. Basal glucometabolic status has an impact on long-term prognosis following an acute myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients. J Intern Med 2003; 254:494-503.
    • (2003) J Intern Med , vol.254 , pp. 494-503
    • Tenerz, A.1    Nilsson, G.2    Forberg, R.3
  • 58
    • 0027321480 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke is not caused by stress
    • van Kooten F, Hoogerbrugge N, Naarding P, Koudstaal PJ. Hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke is not caused by stress. Stroke 1993; 24:1129-1132.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 1129-1132
    • van Kooten, F.1    Hoogerbrugge, N.2    Naarding, P.3    Koudstaal, P.J.4
  • 59
    • 0028141723 scopus 로고
    • Glucose, insulin and other plasma metabolites shortly after injury
    • Heath DF. Glucose, insulin and other plasma metabolites shortly after injury. J Accid Emerg Med 1994; 11:67-77.
    • (1994) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 67-77
    • Heath, D.F.1
  • 62
    • 29744440163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes: The significance of persistent fasting hyperglycemia for the subsequent development of diabetes mellitus
    • Cheung NW, Helmink D. Gestational diabetes: the significance of persistent fasting hyperglycemia for the subsequent development of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2006; 20:21-25.
    • (2006) J Diabetes Complications , vol.20 , pp. 21-25
    • Cheung, N.W.1    Helmink, D.2
  • 63
    • 22744457695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome at follow-up in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in index pregnancy
    • Albareda M, Caballero A, Badell G, et al. Metabolic syndrome at follow-up in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in index pregnancy. Metabolism 2005; 54:1115-1121.
    • (2005) Metabolism , vol.54 , pp. 1115-1121
    • Albareda, M.1    Caballero, A.2    Badell, G.3
  • 64
    • 0034853485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 135: The importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn SE. Clinical review 135: the importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:4047-4058.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4047-4058
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 65
    • 0027375768 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function
    • Kahn SE, Prigeon RL, McCulloch DK, et al. Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function. Diabetes 1993; 42:1663-1672.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1663-1672
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Prigeon, R.L.2    McCulloch, D.K.3
  • 66
    • 0031051886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control lowers the risk of wound infection in diabetics after open heart operations
    • Zerr KJ, Furnary AP, Grunkemeier GL, et al. Glucose control lowers the risk of wound infection in diabetics after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:356-361.
    • (1997) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.63 , pp. 356-361
    • Zerr, K.J.1    Furnary, A.P.2    Grunkemeier, G.L.3
  • 67
    • 0023944358 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of hospital admission and fatality from myocardial infarction to glycohaemoglobin levels
    • Yudkin JS, Oswald GA, McKeigue PM, et al. The relationship of hospital admission and fatality from myocardial infarction to glycohaemoglobin levels. Diabetologia 1988; 31:201-205.
    • (1988) Diabetologia , vol.31 , pp. 201-205
    • Yudkin, J.S.1    Oswald, G.A.2    McKeigue, P.M.3
  • 68
    • 0020532723 scopus 로고
    • Stress hyperglycaemia during acute myocardial infarction: An indicator of preexisting diabetes?
    • Husband DJ, Alberti KG, Julian DG. "Stress" hyperglycaemia during acute myocardial infarction: an indicator of preexisting diabetes? Lancet 1983; 2:179-181.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 179-181
    • Husband, D.J.1    Alberti, K.G.2    Julian, D.G.3
  • 69
    • 33749482818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ishihara M, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, et al. Is admission hyperglycaemia in nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction a surrogate for previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance? Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2413-2419. The finding that admission glucose in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction was not predictive of future glucose intolerance after discharge illustrates that the etiology of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients remains unclear.
    • Ishihara M, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, et al. Is admission hyperglycaemia in nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction a surrogate for previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance? Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2413-2419. The finding that admission glucose in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction was not predictive of future glucose intolerance after discharge illustrates that the etiology of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients remains unclear.
  • 70
    • 0023135110 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia following acute myocardial infarction: The contribution of undiagnosed diabetes
    • Oswald GA, Yudkin JS. Hyperglycaemia following acute myocardial infarction: the contribution of undiagnosed diabetes. Diabet Med 1987; 4:68-70.
    • (1987) Diabet Med , vol.4 , pp. 68-70
    • Oswald, G.A.1    Yudkin, J.S.2
  • 71
    • 12244297780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in acute myocardial infarction patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
    • Choi KM, Lee KW, Kim SG, et al. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in acute myocardial infarction patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:175-180.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 175-180
    • Choi, K.M.1    Lee, K.W.2    Kim, S.G.3
  • 72
    • 30444442519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
    • Vancheri F, Curcio M, Burgio A, et al. Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. QJM 2005; 98:871-878.
    • (2005) QJM , vol.98 , pp. 871-878
    • Vancheri, F.1    Curcio, M.2    Burgio, A.3
  • 73
    • 27744533509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta cell dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction but without previously known type 2 diabetes: A report from the GAMI study
    • Wallander M, Bartnik M, Efendic S, et al. Beta cell dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction but without previously known type 2 diabetes: a report from the GAMI study. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2229-2235.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , pp. 2229-2235
    • Wallander, M.1    Bartnik, M.2    Efendic, S.3
  • 74
    • 18144418133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance is common in Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome who were not previously diagnosed with diabetes
    • Hashimoto K, Ikewaki K, Yagi H, et al. Glucose intolerance is common in Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome who were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1182-1186.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1182-1186
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Ikewaki, K.2    Yagi, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.