New light on an old story: Formation of melam during thermal condensation of melamine

Chemistry - A European Journal

Volumn 13, Issue 17, 2007, Pages 4956-4968

  Lotsch, Bettina V ^a   Schnick, Wolfgang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Carbon nitrides; Phase transitions; Solid state structures; Thermal decomposition

Indexed keywords

COMPLEXATION; LIGANDS; PHASE TRANSITIONS; PROTONATION; PYROLYSIS;

LEWIS ACIDS; MELEMS; SOLID STATE STRUCTURES; THERMAL CONDENSATION;

MELAMINE;

EID: 34250367104     PISSN: 09476539     EISSN: 15213765     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601291     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. J. von Liebig, Ann. Pharm. 1834, 10, 1.
2. E. Kroke, M. Schwarz, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2004, 248, 493.
3. S. Matsumoto, E. Q. Xie, F. Izumi, Diamond Relat. Mater. 1999, 8, 1175.
4. S. Muhl, J. M. Mendez, Diamond Relat. Mater. 1999, 8, 1809.
5. C.-M. Sung, M. Sung, Mater. Chem. Phys. 1996, 43, 1.
6. M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 1985, 32, 7988.
7. M. L. Cohen, Science 1993, 261, 307.
8. A. Y. Liu, M. L. Cohen, Science 1989, 245, 841.
9. A. Y. Liu, M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 1990, 41, 10727.
10. C. Niu, Y. Z. Lu, C. M. Lieber, Science 1993, 261, 334.
11. D. M. Teter, R. J. Hemley, Science 1996, 271, 53.
12. E. Kroke, M. Schwarz, E. Horath-Bordon, P. Kroll, B. Noll, A. D. Norman, New J. Chem. 2002, 26, 508.
13. I. Alves, G. Demazeau, B. Tanguy, F. Weill, Solid State Commun. 1999, 109, 697.
14. D. R. Miller, D. C. Swenson, E. G. Gillan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5372.
15. D. T. Vodak, K. Kim, L. Iordanidis, P. G. Rasmussen, A. J. Matzger, O. M. Yaghi, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 4197.
16. T. Komatsu, J. Mater. Chem. 2001, 11, 799.
17. T. Komatsu, T. Nakamura, J. Mater. Chem. 2001, 11, 474.
18. J. Kouvetakis, A. Bandari, M. Todd, B. Wilkens, Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 811.
19. Z. H. Zhang, K. Leinenweber, M. Bauer, L. A. J. Garvie, P. F. Mc-Millan, G. H. Wolf, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7788.
20. B. V. Lotsch, W. Schnick, Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 3976.
21. B. V. Lotsch, W. Schnick, Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 1891.
22. B. Jürgens, E. Irran, J. Senker, P. Kroll, H. Müller, W. Schnick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10288.
23. A. Sattler, W. Schnick, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2006, 632, 238.
24. E. C. Franklin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 486.
25. C. E. Redemann, H. J. Lucas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 842.
26. H. May, J. Appl. Chem. 1959, 9, 340.
27. A. I. Finkel'shtein, Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 1961, 31, 1046.
28. N. K. Gavrilova, V. A. Gal'perin, A. I. Finkel'shtein, A. G. Koryakin, Zh. Org. Khim. 1977, 13, 669.
29. L. Costa, G. Camino, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 1988, 34, 423.
30. C. Voelckel, Ann. Chim. Phys. 1844, 62, 90.
31. W. L. Burdick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 1485.
32. E. W. Hughes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1737.
33. P. Klason, J. Prakt. Chem. 1886, 33, 285.
34. B. Bann, S. A. Miller, Chem. Rev. 1958, 58, 131.
35. G. B. Seifer, Russ. J. Coord. Chem. 2002, 28, 301.
36. G. van der Plaats, H. Soons, R. Snellings, Proc. Eur. Symp. Therm. Anal. 2nd 1981, 215.
37. A. I. Finkel'shtein, Opt. Spectra 1959, 6, 33.
38. M. Takimoto, Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 1961, 64, 1452.
39. M. Takimoto, Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 1964, 85, 168.
40. N. V. Spiridonova, A. I. Finkel'shtein, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. 1966, 1, 126.
41. W. J. Schnabel, R. Rätz, E. Kober, J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2514.
42. S. Tragl, K. Gibson, H.-J. Meyer, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 2373.
43. T. Tojima, R. Saito (Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastic Corp.), JP-2004217687 A2, 2004
44. [Chem. Abstr. 2004, 141, 157944].
45. E. Schlosser, B. Nass, W. Wanzke, EP-1386942 A1, 2004
46. [Chem. Abstr. 2004, 140, 147040].
47. P. Flippo, J. Tijssen, C. K. Sham, A. E. H. De Keijzer, R. J. M. Hulskotte, US-2001008913 AI, 2001
48. [Chem. Abstr. 2004, 135, 93449].
49. V. A. Gal'perin, A. I. Finkel'shtein, N. K. Gavrilova, Zh. Org. Khim. 1971, 7, 2431.
50. L. Costa, G. Camino, G. Martinasso, Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. 1989, 50, 531.
51. B. Jürgens, Ph. D. thesis, University of Munich (Germany), Shaker Verlag: Aachen, 2004.
52. C. Gervais, F. Babonneau, J. Maquet, C. Bonhomme, D. Massiot, E. Framery, M. Vaultier, Magn. Reson. Chem. 1998, 36, 407.
53. 13C melamine signals is presumably due to differences in the instrument calibration or concentration effects, since a 2:1 mixture of melamine and melem yields an essentially identical spectrum to that of phase I (see Supporting Information).
54. CCDC-618430 (1), CCDC-618432 (2), and CCDC-618431 (3) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data request/cif.
55. A. Sattler, Diploma Thesis, University of Munich (Germany), 2005.
56. B. V. Lotsch, W. Schnick, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2006, 632, 1457.
57. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXS97, Program for the Solution of Crystal Structures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (Germany), 1997.
58. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXL97, Program for the Refinement of Crystal Structures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (Germany), 1997.
59. Z. Otwinowsky, W. Minor, Methods Enzymol. 1997, 276, 307.
60. A. E. Bennett, C. Rienstra, M. Auger, K. V. Lakshmi, R. G. Griffin, J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 6951.