Identifying mechanisms of treatment effects and recovery in rehabilitation of schizophrenia: Longitudinal analytic methods

Clinical Psychology Review

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 696-714

  Peer, Jason E ^a   Kupper, Zeno ^b   Long, Jeffrey D ^c   Brekke, John S ^d   Spaulding, William D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GROWTH CURVE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY; SOCIAL INTERACTION; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COGNITION DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT;

EID: 34250190252     PISSN: 02727358     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Addington J., and Addington D. Neurocognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia: A 2.5 year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research 44 (2000) 47-56
2. Arndt S., Andreasen N.C., Flaum M., Miller D., and Nopoulos P. A longitudinal study of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 52 (1995) 352-360
3. Bauer D.J., and Curran P.J. Overextraction of latent trajectory classes: Much ado about nothing?. Psychological Methods 8 (2003) 384-393
4. Bauer D.J., and Curran P.J. The integration of continuous and discrete latent variable models: Potential problems and promising opportunities. Psychological Methods 9 (2004) 3-29
5. Bellack A.S. Social skills training for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 27 (2004) 375-391
6. Bellack A.S., Mueser K.T., Gingerich S., and Agresta J. Social skills training for schizophrenia (2004), The Guilford Press, New York
7. Bentall R., Corcoran R., Howard R., Blackwood N., and Kinderman P. Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review 21 (2001) 1143-1192
8. Benton M., and Schroeder H. Social skills training with schizophrenics: A meta-analytic evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 6 (1990) 741-747
9. Birchwood M., Smith J., Drury V., Healy J., Macmillan F., and Slade M.A. A self-report insight scale for psychosis: Reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 89 (1994) 62-67
10. Brekke, J. S., Hoe, M., Long, J., & Green, M. F. (in press). How neurocognition and social cognition influence functional change during community based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin.
11. Brekke J.S., and Long J.D. Community-based psychosocial rehabilitation and prospective change in functional, clinical, and subjective experience variables in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 667-680
12. Brekke J.S., Long J.D., Nesbitt N., and Sobel E. The impact of service characteristics on functional outcomes from community support programs for persons with schizophrenia: A growth curve analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65 (1997) 464-475
13. Brekke J.S., Raine A., and Thomson C. Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Research 57 (1995) 241-250
14. Bustillo J.R., Lauriello J., Horan W.P., and Keith S.J. The psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia: An update. American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001) 163-175
15. Carpenter W.T., and Buchanan R.W. Commentary on the soteria project: Misguided therapeutics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 28 (2002) 577-581
16. Carpenter W.T., and Gold J.M. Another view of therapy for cognition in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 51 (2002) 969-971
17. Carpenter W.T., Heinrichs D.W., and Wagman A.M.I. Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: The concept. American Journal of Psychiatry 145 (1988) 578-583
18. Carpenter W.T., and Kirkpatrick B. The heterogeneity of the long-term course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 14 (1988) 645-652
19. Carpenter W.T., and Strauss J.S. The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia: IV. Eleven year follow-up of the Washington IPSS cohort. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 179 (1991) 517-525
20. Cattell R.B. The structuring of change by p-technique and incremental r-technique. In: Harris C.W. (Ed). Problems in measuring change (1963), University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 167-198
21. Chadwick P., Birchwood M., and Trower P. Cognitive therapy for hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia (1996), J. Wiley, New York
22. Ciompi L. Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging of schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 6 (1980) 606-618
23. Ciompi L. The dynamics of complex biological-psychosocial systems: Four fundamental psycho-biological mediators in the long-term evolution of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 155 suppl. 5 (1989) 15-21
24. Collins L., Schafer J., and Kam C. A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures. Psychological Methods 6 (2001) 330-351
25. Cook J.A., and Razzano L. Vocational rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia: Recent research and implications for practice. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 87-103
26. Corcoran R., Frith C.D., and Mercer G. Schizophrenia, symptomatology and social inference: Investigating theory of mind in people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 17 (1995) 5-13
27. Cornblatt B.A., and Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. Global attentional deviance as a marker of risk for schizophrenia: Specificity and predictive validity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94 (1985) 470-486
28. Crews W.D., and Harrison D.W. The neuropsychology of depression and its implications for cognitive therapy. Neuropsychology Review 5 (1995) 81-123
29. Cromwell R.L., and Spaulding W. How schizophrenics handle information. In: Fann W.E., Karacan I., Pokorny A.D., and Williams R.L. (Eds). The phenomenology and treatment of schizophrenia (1978), Spectrum, New York 127-162
30. Davis R.N., and Nolen-Hoeksema S. Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cognitive Therapy and Research 6 (2000) 699-711
31. Dickerson F., Boronow J.J., Ringel N., and Parente F. Social functioning and neurocognitive deficits in outpatients with schizophrenia: A 2-year follow-up. Schizophrenia Research 37 (1999) 13-20
32. Eaton W.W., Thara R., Federman B., Melton B., and Liang K. Structure and course of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 52 (1995) 127-134
33. Edwards J., Jackson H.J., and Pattison P.E. Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia: A methodological review. Clinical Psychology Review 22 (2002) 789-832
34. Fitzmaurice G.M., Laird N.M., and Ware J.H. Applied longitudinal analysis (2004), Wiley, Hoboken, N.J.
35. Garety P.A., Fowler D., and Kuipers E. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for medication resistant symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 73-86
36. Garver D.L., Holcomb J.A., and Christensen J.D. Heterogeneity of response to antipsychotics form multiple disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 (2000) 964-972
37. Green M.F. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 153 (1996) 321-330
38. Green M.F., and Nuechterlein K.H. Should schizophrenia be treated as a neurocognitive disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin 25 (1999) 309-318
39. Haddock G., Tarrier N., Spaulding W., Yusupoff L., Kinney C., and McCarthy E. Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of hallucinations and delusions: A review. Clinical Psychology Review 18 (1998) 821-838
40. Hafner H., Maurer K., Loffler W., van der Heiden W., Hambrecht M., and Schultze-Lutter F. Modeling the early course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 29 (2003) 25-40
41. Harding C.M. Course types in schizophrenia: An analysis of European and American studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin 14 (1988) 633-642
42. Harding C.M. The interaction of biopsychosocial factors, time, and course of schizophrenia. In: Shriqui C.L., and Nasrallah H.A. (Eds). Contemporary issues in the treatment of schizophrenia (1995), American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 653-681
43. Harvey P.D., and Keefe R.S.E. Studies of cognitive change in patients with schizophrenia following novel antipsychotic treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001) 176-184
44. Heaton R.K., Gladsjo J., Palmer B., Kuck J., Marcotte T., and Jeste D. Stability and course of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 58 (2001) 24-32
45. Heinssen R.K., Liberman R.P., and Kopelowicz A. Psychosocial skills training for schizophrenia: Lessons from the laboratory. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 21-46
46. Hill S.K., Schuepbach D., Herbener E.S., Keshavan M.S., and Sweeney J.A. Pretreatment and longitudinal studies of neuropsychological deficits in antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 68 (2004) 49-63
47. Hoff A.L., Sakuma M., Wieneke M., Horon R., Kushner M., and DeLisi L.E. Longitudinal neuropsychological follow-up study of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (1999) 1336-1341
48. Hoffman H., Kupper Z., and Kunz B. Hopelessness and its impact on rehabilitation outcome in schizophrenia - An exploratory study. Schizophrenia Research 43 (2000) 147-158
49. Huxley N., Rendall M., and Sederer L. Psychosocial treatments in schizophrenia: A review of the past 20 years. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 188 (2000) 187-201
50. Jones C.J., and Nesselroade J.R. Multivariate, replicated, single-subject designs and p-technique factor analysis: A selective review of literature. Experimental Aging Research 16 (1990) 171-183
51. Kee K.S., Green M.F., Mintz J., and Brekke J.S. Is emotion processing a predictor of functional outcome in schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 29 (2003) 487-497
52. Krampen G. Inventory on competence and control beliefs (1991), Hogrefe, Gottingen, FRG
53. Kupper Z., and Hoffmann H. Course patterns of psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia patients attending a vocational rehabilitation program. Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2000) 681-698
54. Kupper Z., and Tschacher W. Symptom trajectories in psychotic episodes. Comprehensive Psychiatry 43 (2002) 311-318
55. Lee K., Farrow T., Spence S., and Woodruff P. Social cognition, brain networks and schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine 34 (2004) 391-400
56. Liberman R.P., Mueser K.T., Wallace C.J., Jacobs H.E., Eckman T., and Massel H.K. Training skills in the psychiatrically disabled: Learning coping and competence. Schizophrenia Bulletin 12 (1986) 631-647
57. Long J.D., and Brekke J.S. Longitudinal factor structure of the brief psychiatric rating scale in schizophrenia. Psychological Assessment 11 (1999) 498-506
58. Lukoff D., Liberman R.P., and Nuechterlein K. Symptom monitoring in the rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin 12 (1986) 578-593
59. Marengo J., Harrow M., Herbener E.S., and Sands J. A prospective longitudinal 10-year study of schizophrenia's three major factors and depression. Psychiatry Research 97 (2000) 61-77
60. Marengo J.T., Harrow M., and Westermeyer J.F. Early longitudinal course of acute-chronic and paranoid-undifferentiated schizophrenia subtypes and schizophreniform disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100 (1991) 600-603
61. Mason P., Harrison G., Glazebrook C., Medley I., and Croudace T. The course of schizophrenia over 13 years: A report from the international study on schizophrenia (ISOS) coordinated by the world health organization. British Journal of Psychiatry 169 (1996) 580-586
62. McGlashan T. The profiles of clinical deterioration in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research 32 (1998) 133-141
63. Mohlman J., and Gorman J.M. The role of executive functioning in CBT: A pilot study with anxious older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy 43 (2005) 447-465
64. Mosher L. Soteria and other alternatives to acute psychiatric hospitalization: A personal and professional review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 187 (1999) 142-149
65. Mueser K.T., Bellack A.S., Douglas M.S., and Morrison R.L. Prevalence and stability of social skills deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 5 (1991) 167-176
66. Muthén B., and Curran P. General longitudinal modeling of individual differences in experimental designs: A latent variable framework for analysis and power estimation. Psychological Methods 2 (1997) 371-402
67. Muthén B., and Muthén L. Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 24 (2000) 882-891
68. Nesselroade J.R., McArdle J.J., Aggen S.H., and Meyers J.M. Dynamic factor analysis for representing process in multivariate time-series. In: Moskowitz D.S., and Hershberger S.L. (Eds). Modeling intraindividual variability with repeated measures data (2002), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
69. Nuechterlein K.H., and Dawson M.E. Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin 10 (1984) 160-203
70. Nuechterlein K.H., Dawson M.E., Gitlin M., Ventura J., Goldstein M.J., Snyder, et al. Developmental processes in schizophrenic disorders: Longitudinal studies of vulnerability and stress. Schizophrenia Bulletin 18 (1992) 387-425
71. Paul G.L., and Menditto A.A. Effectiveness of inpatient treatment programs for mentally ill adults in public psychiatric facilities. Applied and Preventive Psychology 1 (1992) 41-63
72. Peer J., Iyer S., Rothmann T., Sim A., Browne M., Ritchie, et al. Relationships between neurocognition, social cognition, and behavior during the course of treatment. In: Spaulding W. (Ed). Identifying mechanisms of recovery in rehabilitation of severe mental illness: Longitudinal analytic methods. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the association for the advancement of behavior therapy, Boston, MA (2003, November)
73. Peer J., Rothmann T., Penrod R., Penn D., and Spaulding W. Social cognitive bias and neurocognitive deficit in paranoid symptoms: Evidence for an interaction effect and changes during treatment. Schizophrenia Research 71 (2004) 463-471
74. Penn D.L., Corrigan P.W., Bentall R.P., Racenstein M., and Newman L. Social cognition in schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin 121 (1997) 114-132
75. Penn D.L., and Mueser K.T. Research update on the psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 153 (1996) 607-617
76. Penn D.L., Mueser K.T., Tarrier N., Gloege A., Cather C., Serrano D., et al. Supportive therapy for schizophrenia: Possible mechanisms for adjunctive psychosocial treatments. Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (2004) 101-112
77. Pinkham A., Penn D., Perkins D., and Lieberman J. Implications for the neural basis of social cognition for the study of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 160 (2003) 815-824
78. Quinlan D., Schuldberg D., Morgenstern H., and Glazer W. Positive and negative symptom course in chronic community based patients: A two-year prospective study. British Journal of Psychiatry 166 (1995) 634-641
79. Randolph C. Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (1998), Harcourt Brace and Company, San Antonio
80. Reeder C., Newton E., Frangou S., and Wykes T. Which executive skills should we target to affect social functioning and symptom change? A study of a cognitive remediation therapy program. Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (2004) 87-100
81. Rund B.R. A review of longitudinal studies of cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin 24 (1998) 425-435
82. Schaub A., and Liberman R.P. Training individuals with schizophrenia to manage their illness: Experiences from Germany and Switzerland. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills 3 (1999) 246-267
83. Spaulding W.D. Cognitive models in a fuller understanding of schizophrenia. Psychiatry 60 (1997) 341-346
84. Spaulding W.D., Fleming S.K., Reed D., Sullivan M., Storzbach D., and Lam M. Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: Implications for psychiatric rehabilitation. Schizophrenia Bulletin 25 (1999) 275-289
85. Spaulding W.D., Reed D., Poland J., and Storzbach D. Cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders. In: Corrigan P., and Yudofsky S. (Eds). Cognitive rehabilitation and neuropsychiatric disorders (1996), American Psychiatric Press, Washington, D.C. 129-166
86. Spaulding W.D., Reed D., Sullivan M.S., Richardson C., and Weiler M. Effects of cognitive treatment in psychiatric rehabilitation. Schizophrenia Bulletin 25 (1999) 657-676
87. Spaulding W.D., Sullivan M., and Poland J. Treatment and rehabilitation of severe mental illness: A comprehensive approach (2002), Guildford Publications, New York
88. Startup M., Jackson M.C., and Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychological Medicine 34 (2004) 413-422
89. Strauss J.S. Mediating processes in schizophrenia toward a new dynamic psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry 155 suppl. 5 (1989) 22-28
90. Strauss J.S., and Carpenter W.T. The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia II: Relationships between predictors and outcome variables. Archives of General Psychiatry 31 (1974) 37-42
91. Strauss J.S., and Carpenter W.T. The treatment of acute schizophrenia without drugs: An investigation of some current assumptions. American Journal of Psychiatry 134 (1977) 14-20
92. Strauss J.S., and Carpenter W.T. The prognosis of schizophrenia: Rationale for a multidimensional concept. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4 (1978) 56-67
93. Strauss J.S., Hafez H., Lieberman P., and Harding C. The course of psychiatric disorder III: Longitudinal principles. American Journal of Psychiatry 142 (1985) 289-296
94. Strauss M.E., Lew M.F., Coyle J.T., and Tune L.E. Psychopharmacologic and clinical correlates of attention in chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 142 (1985) 497-499
95. Sweeney J.A., Haas G.L., Keilp J.G., and Long M. Evaluation of the stability of neuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: One-year follow up study. Psychiatry Research 38 (1991) 63-76
96. Szymanski S.R., Cannon T.D., Gallacher F., Erwin R.J., and Gur R.E. Course of treatment response in first episode and chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 153 (1996) 519-525
97. Tschacher W., and Kupper Z. Time series models of symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 113 (2002) 127-137
98. Tschacher W., Scheier C., and Hashimoto Y. Dynamical analysis of schizophrenia courses. Biological Psychiatry 41 (1997) 428-437
99. Twamley E.W., Jeste D.V., and Bellack A.S. A review of cognitive training in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 29 (2003) 359-382
100. van der Does A.J., Dingemans P., Linszen D., Nugter M., and Scholte W. Dimensions and subtypes of recent-onset schizophrenia: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 183 (1995) 681-687
101. van der Does A.J., Dingemans P., Linszen D., Nugter M., and Scholte W. Symptoms, cognitive and social functioning in recent onset schizophrenia: A longitudinal study. Schizophrenia Research 19 (1996) 61-71
102. Verbeke G., and Molenberghs G. Linear mixed models for longitudinal data (2000), Springer, New York
103. Wallace C.J., Liberman R.P., Kopelowicz A., and Yaeger D. Psychiatric rehabilitation. In: Gabbard G. (Ed). Treatment of psychiatric disorders. 3rd Edition (2001), American Psychiatric Publishing Co, Washington, DC 1093-1112
104. Wykes T., Reeder C., Corner J., Williams C., and Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 25 (1999) 291-307