The degenerative dysarthrias: A window into critical clinical and research issues

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 107-117

  Yorkston, Kathryn M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Dysarthria; Evidence based practice; Multiple sclerosis; Parkinson disease

Indexed keywords

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; COMMUNICATION DISORDER; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DISEASE COURSE; DYSARTHRIA; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; ONSET AGE; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDER; REVIEW; SPEECH DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

DYSARTHRIA; HUMANS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; RESEARCH;

EID: 34250170158     PISSN: 10217762     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000101769     Document Type: Review

References (144)

1. Hoffman JM, Yorkston KM, Shumway-Cook A, Ciol MA, Dudgeon BJ, Chan L: Effects of communication disability on satisfaction with health care: a survey of Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2005;14:221-228.
2. Ruben RJ: Redefining the survival of the fittest: communication disorders in the 21st century. Laryngoscope 2000;10:241-245.
3. Wurman RS: Information Anxiety. New York, Doubleday, 1989.
4. World Health Organization: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001.
5. Jain SS, Kirshblum SC: Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, in DeLisa JA, Gans BM (eds): Rehabilitation Medicine: Principles and Practices. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1998, pp 1035-1056.
6. Tanner CM, Aston DA: Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease and akinetic syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol 2000;13:427-430.
7. Ahlskog JE: Parkinson's disease: medical and surgical treatment. Neurol Clin 2001;19:579-605.
8. Yorkston KM, Miller RM, Strand EA: Management of Speech and Swallowing Disorders in Degenerative Disease, ed 2. Austin, Pro-Ed, 2004.
9. Hartelius L, Svensson P: Speech and swallowing symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis: a survey. Folia Phoniatr Logop 1994;46:9-17.
10. Pinto S, Ozsancak C, Tripolitis E, Thobois S, Limousin-Dowsey P, Auzou P: Treatments for dysarthria in Parkinson's dysarthria. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:547-556.
11. Sliwa JA, Cohen BA: Multiple sclerosis; in DeLisa JA, Gans BM (eds): Rehabilitation Medicine: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 1241-1257.
12. Johnson KL, Amtmann D, Yorkston KM, Klasner EM, Kuehn CM: Medical, psychological, social, and programmatic barriers to employment for people with multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature. J Rehabil 2004;70:38-49.
13. Noseworthy JH: Treatment of multiple sclerosis and related disorders: what's new in the past 2 years? Clin Neuropharmacol 2003;26:28-37.
14. Joy JE, Johnston RB (eds): Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Strategies for the Future. Washington, National Academy Press, 2001.
15. Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR, Strand EA, Bell KR: Management of Motor Speech Disorders in Children and Adults, ed 2. Austin, Pro-Ed, 1999.
16. Yorkston KM, Klasner ER, Bowen J, Ehde DM, Gibbons L, Johnson K, Kraft GH: Characteristics of multiple sclerosis as a function of the severity of speech disorders. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:73-85.
17. Brown RH, Meininger V, Swash M: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Malden, Blackwell Science, 2000.
18. Hanagasi HA, Gurvit H, Ermutlu N, Gaptanoglu G, Karamursel S, Idrisolglu HA, Emre M, Demiralp T: Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence from neuropsychological investigation and event-related potentials. Cogn Brain Res 2002;14:234-244.
19. Bak TH, Hodges JR: Motor neurone disease, dementia and aphasia: coincidence, co-occurrence or continuum? J Neurol 2001;248:260-270.
20. Ball LJ, Bardach L: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; in Beukelman DR, Garrett KL, Yorkston KM (eds): Augmentative Communication Strategies for Adults with Acute and Chronic Medical Conditions. Baltimore, Brookes Publishing, in press.
21. Robey RR, Schultz MC: A model for conducting clinical outcomes research: an adaptation of the standard protocol for use in aphasiology. Aphasiology 1998;12:787-810.
22. Tjaden K: An acoustic study of coarticulation in dysarthric speakers with Parkinson disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000;43:1466-1480.
23. Tjaden K, Sussman J: Perception of coarticulatory information in normal speech and dysarthria. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2006;49:888-902.
24. Tjaden K: Anticipatory coarticulation in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2003;46:990-1008.
25. Tjaden K, Turner GS: Spectral properties of fricative in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1997;40:1358-1372.
26. Ozsancak C, Auzou P, Jan M, Hannequin D: Measurement of voice onset time in dysarthric patients: methological considerations. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2001;53:48-57.
27. Hartelius L, Runmarker B, Andersen O, Nord L: Temporal speech characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis and ataxic dysarthria: scanning speech revisited. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2000;52:228-238.
28. Tjaden K, Turner G: Segmental timing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000;43:683-696.
29. Goberman AM, McMillan J: Relative speech timing in Parkinson's disease. Contemp Issues Commun Sci Disord 2005;32:22-29.
30. Weismer G, Laures JS, Jeng J, Kent RD, Kent JF: Effects of speaking rate manipulations on acoustic and perceptual aspects of dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2000;52:201-219.
31. Whitehill TL, Ciocca V, Yiu EML: Perceptual and acoustic predictors of intelligibility and acceptability in Cantonese speakers with dysarthria. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:229-234.
32. Weismer G, Jeng JY, Laures JS, Kent RD, Kent JF: Acoustic and intelligibility characteristics of sentence production in neurogenic speech disorders. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2001;53:1-18.
33. Bunton K, Kent RD, Kent JF, Duffy JR: The effects of flattening fundamental frequency contours on sentence intelligibility in speakers with dysarthria. Clin Linguist Phon 2001;15:181-193.
34. Yunusova Y, Weismer G, Kent RD, Rusche NM: Breath-group intelligibility in dysarthria: characteristics and underlying correlates. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2005;48:1294-1310.
35. Tjaden K, Watling E: Characteristics of diadochokinesis in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2003;55:241-259.
36. Sidtis DV, Hanson W, Jackson C, Lanto A, Kempler D, Metter EJ: Fundamental frequency (F0) mean and variability measures for four speech tasks in aphasia and Parkinson's disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:207-212.
37. Hartelius L, Buder EH, Strand EA: Long-term phonatory instability in individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1997;40:1056-1072.
38. Lundy DS, Roy S, Xue JW, Casiano RR, Jassir D: Spastic/spasmodic vs. tremulous vocal quality: motor speech profile analysis. J Voice 2004;18:146-152.
39. Bunton KR, Kent D, Kent JF, Rosenbek JC: Perceptuo-acoustic assessment of prosodic impairment in dysarthria. Clin Linguist Phon 2000;14:13-24.
40. Penner H, Miller N, Hertrich I, Ackermann H, Schumm F: Dysprosody in Parkinson's disease: An investigation of intonation patterns. Clin Linguist Phon 2001;15:551-566.
41. Le Dorze G, Ryalls J, Brassard C, Boulanger N, Ratte D: A comparison of the prosodic characteristics of the speech of people with Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia with neurological normal speakers. Folia Phoniatr Logop 1998;50:1-9.
42. McAuliffe MJ, Ward EC, Murdoch BE: Articulatory function in hypokinetic dysarthria: an electropalatographic examination of two cases. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2005;13:149-168.
43. McAuliffe MJ, Ward EC, Murdoch B: Speech production in Parkinson's disease. I. An electropalatographic investigation of tongue-palate contact. Clin Linguist Phon 2006;20:1-18.
44. Murdoch B, Gardiner F, Theodoros D: Electropalatographic assessment of articulatory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a case study. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:359-364.
45. Weismer G, Yunusova Y, Westbury JR: Interarticulator coordination in dysarthria: an X-ray microbeam study. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2003;46:1247-1267.
46. Ackermann H, Konczak J, Hertrich I: The temporal control of repetitive articulatory movements in Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 1997;56:312-319.
47. Saigusa H, Saigusa M, Aino I, Iwasaki C, Li L, Niimi S: M-mode color Doppler ultrasonic imaging of vertical tongue movement during articulatory movement. J Voice 2006;20:38-45.
48. Solomon NP, Robin DA, Luschei ES: Strength, endurance, and stability of the tongue and hand in Parkinson disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000;43:256-267.
49. Gentil M, Perrin S, Tournier C, Pollak P: Lip, tongue and forefinger force control in Parkinson's disease. Clin Linguist Phon 1999;13:45-54.
50. Murdoch BE, Spencer TJ, Theodoros DG, Thompson EC: Lip and tongue function in multiple sclerosis: a physiological analysis. Motor Control 1998;2:148-160.
51. Luschei ES, Ramig LO, Baker KL, Smith ME: Discharge characteristics of laryngeal single motor units during phonation in young and older adults and in persons with Parkinson disease. J Neurophysiol 1999;81:2131-2139.
52. Murdoch BE, Manning CY, Theodoros DG, Thompson ED: Laryngeal and phonatory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Clin Linguist Phon 1997;11:245-266.
53. Perry A, Anderson K, Lean R, Cotton S: Elevation of the soft palate in speech and swallowing in normal female participants and females with motor neuron disease: an innovative procedure for measuring palatal elevation. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2002;37:197-214.
54. Delorey R, Leeper HA, Hudson AJ: Measures of velopharyngeal functioning in subgroups of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1999;7:19-32.
55. Gurd JM, Bessell N, Watson I, Coleman J: Motor speech versus digit control in Parkinson's disease: a cognitive neuropsychology investigation. Clin Linguist Phon 1998;12:357-378.
56. Adams SG, Jog M, Eadie T, Dykstra A, Gauthier G, Vercher J: Jaw and finger movements during visual and auditory motor tracking in Parkinson's disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:125-130.
57. Goberman A, Coelho C, Robb M: Phonatory characteristics of Parkinsonian speech before and after morning medications: the ON and OFF states. J Commun Disord 2002;35:217-239.
58. Sanabria J, Ruiz PG, Gutierrez R, Marquez F, Escobar P, Gentil M, Cenjor C: The effect of levodopa on vocal function in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 2001;24:99-102.
59. Wang E, Kompoliti K, Jiang JJ, Goetz CG: An instrumental analysis of laryngeal responses to apomorphine stimulation in Parkinson disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:175-186.
60. Goberman A, Coelho C, Robb M: Prosodic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech: the effect of levodopa-based medication. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2005;13:51-68.
61. De Letter M, Santens P, Van Borsel J: The effects of levodopa on word intelligibility in Parkinson's disease. J Commun Disord 2005;30:187-196.
62. Schulz GM, Greer M, Friedman W: The effects of pallidotomy surgery on sentence measures across three tasks in Parkinson's patients. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:195-206.
63. Solomon NP, McKee AS, Larson KJ, Nawrocki MD, Tuite PJ, Eriksen S, Low WC, Maxwell RE: Effects of pallidal stimulation on speech in three men with severe Parkinson disease. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2000;9:241-256.
64. Theodoros DG, Ward EC, Murdoch B, Silburn P, Lethlean J: The impact of pallidotomy on motor speech function in Parkinson disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:315-322.
65. Uitti RJ, Wharen RE, Duffy JR, Lucas JA, Schneider SL, Rippeth JD, Wszolek ZK, Obwegeser AA, Turk MF, Atkinson EJ: Unilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease: speech, motor, and neuropsychological outcome measurement. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2000;6:133-143.
66. Pinto S, Thobois S, Costes N, Le Bars D, Benalbid A, Broussolle E, Pollak P, Gentil M: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and dysarthria in Parkinson's disease: a PET study. Brain 2004;127:602-615.
67. Gentil M, Pinto S, Pollak P, Benabid A: Effect of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on parkinsonian dysarthria. Brain Lang 2003;85:190-196.
68. Maruska KG, Smit AB, Koller WC, Garcia JM: Sentence production in Parkinson disease treated with deep brain stimulation and medication. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:265-270.
69. Baker KK, Ramig LO, Johnson AB, Freed CR: Preliminary voice and speech analysis following fetal dopamine transplants in 5 individuals with Parkinson disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1997;40:615-626.
70. Klasner ER, Yorkston KM: Speech intelligibility in ALS and HD dysarthria: the everyday listener perspective. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2005;13:127-140.
71. Klasner ER, Yorkston KM, Lillvik M: Everyday listeners' perspective on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease dysarthria: barriers and strategies in understanding distorted speech samples. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2002;10:293-298.
72. Yorkston KM, Klasner E: Dysarthria in ALS: a method for obtaining the everyday listener's perception. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:261-264.
73. Garcia JM, Cobb DS: The effects of gesturing on speech intelligibility and rate in ALS dysarthria: a case study. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:353-358.
74. Jones W, Mathy P, Azuma T, Liss J: The effect of aging an synthetic topic cues on intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Augmentative Alternative Commun 2004;20:22-29.
75. Murray LL: Spoken language production in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000;43:1350-1366.
76. Small JA, Lyons K, Kemper S: Grammatical abilities in Parkinson's disease: evidence form written sentences. Neuropsychologia 1997;35:1571-1576.
77. Dromey C, Adams SG: Loudness perception and hypophonia in Parkinson disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:255-260.
78. Forrest K, Nygaard L, Pisoni D, Siemers E: Effects of speaking rate on word recognition in Parkinson's disease and normal aging. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1998;6:1-12.
79. Fox CM, Ramig LO: Vocal sound pressure level and self-perception of speech and voice in men and women with ideopathic Parkinson disease. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 1997;6:85-94.
80. Jobst EE, Melnick ME, Byl NN, Dowling GA, Aminoff MJ: Sensory perception in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 1997;54:450-454.
81. Coates C, Bakheit AM: The prevalence of verbal communication disability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil 1997;19:104-107.
82. Hartelius L, Runmarker B, Andersen O: Prevalence and characteristics of dysarthria in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort: in relation to neurological data. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2000;52:160-177.
83. Hartelius L, Runmarker B, Andersen O: Prevalence and characteristics of dysarthria in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort: in relation to neurological data;in Hartelius L (ed): Acoustic and Perceptual Analysis of Dysarthria Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Goteborg, Department of Logopedica and Phoniatrics, 1997.
84. Sapir S, Pawlas A, Ramig LO, O'Brien C, Hoehn M, Thompson LA: Speech and voice abnormalities in Parkinson disease: relation to severity of motor impairment, duration of disease, medication, depression, gender and age. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2001;9:213-226.
85. Ozsancak C, Auzou P, Jan M, Defebvre l, Derambure P, Destee A: The place of perceptual analysis of dysarthria in the differential diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2006;253:92-97.
86. Whitehill TL, Ma JK, Lee AS: Perceptual characteristics of Cantonese hypokinetic dysarthria. Clin Linguist Phon 2003;17:265-271.
87. Hartelius L, Lillvik M: Lip and tongue function differently affected in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2003;55:1-9.
88. Zraick RI, Dennie TM, Tabbal SD, Hutton TJ, Hicks GM, O'Sullivan PS: Reliability of speech intelligibility ratings using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:227-240.
89. Weismer G, Laures JS: Direct magnitude estimates of speech intelligibility in dysarthria: effects of a chosen standard. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2002;45:421-433.
90. Kempler D, Van Lancker D: Effect of speech task on intelligibility in dysarthria: a case study of Parkinson's disease. Brain Lang 2002;80:449-464.
91. Robert D, Pouget J, Giovanni A, Azulay J, Triglia J: Quantitative voice analysis in the assessment of bulbar involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Otolaryngol 1999;119:724-731.
92. Tjaden K: A preliminary study of factors influencing perception of articulatory rate in Parkinson disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000;43:997-1010.
93. Green JR, Beukelman DR, Ball LJ: Algorithmic estimation of pauses in extended speech samples. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:149-154.
94. Ball LJ, Beukelman DR, Pattee G: Communication effectiveness of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Commun Disord 2004;37:197-215.
95. Ball LJ, Beukelman DR, Ullman C, Maassen K, Pattee G: Monitoring speaking rate by telephone for persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2005;13:233-240.
96. Ball LJ, Beukelman DR, Pattee GL: Timing of speech deterioration in persons with ALS. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2002;10:231-236.
97. Ball LJ, Willis A, Beukelman DR, Pattee GL: A protocol for identification of early bulbar signs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2001;191:43-53.
98. Nishio M, Niimi S: Changes over time in dysarthric patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a study of changes in speaking rate and maximum repetition rate. Clin Linguist Phon 2000;14:485-497.
99. DePaul R, Robbins J, Abbs JH, Brooks BR: A nine-year progression of speech and swallowing dysfunction in a case of ALS. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1999;7:161-166.
100. Goberman A, Elmer L: Acoustic analysis of clear versus conversational Parkinsonian speech. J Commun Disord 2005;38:215-230.
101. Tjaden K, Wilding GE: Effect of rate reduction and increased loudness on acoustic measures of anticipatory coarticulation in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2005;48:261-277.
102. Watts CR, Dagenais PA: Attentional demands and speech timing in subgroups of speakers with Parkinson disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2001;9:55-62.
103. Tjaden K, Wilding GE: Rate and loudness manipulations in dysarthria: acoustic and perceptual findings. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2004;47:766-783.
104. Kleinow J, Smith A, Ramig LO: Speech motor stability in IPD: effects of rate and loudness manipulations. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2001;44:1041-1051.
105. Brendel B, Lowit A, Howell P: The effects of delayed and frequency shifted feedback on speakers with Parkinson's disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:131-138.
106. Rousseau B, Watts CR: Susceptibility of speakers with Parkinson disease to delayed feedback. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2002;10:41-50.
107. Dagenais PA, Southwood MH, Mallonee KO: Assessing processing skills in speakers with Parkinson's disease using delayed auditory feedback. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1999;7:297-314.
108. Yorkston KM, Hakel M, Beukelman DR, Fager S: Evidence for effectiveness of treatment of loudness, rate or prosody in dysarthria: a systematic review. J Med Speech Lang Pathol, in press.
109. Huber JE, Stathopoulos ET, Ramig LO, Weiss SL: Respiratory function and variability in individuals with Parkinson disease: pre- and post-Lee Silverman Voice Treatment. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:185-202.
110. Ward EC, Theodoros DG, Murdoch BE, Silburn P: Changes in maximum capacity tongue function following Lee Silverman Voice Treatment program. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:331-336.
111. Liotti M, Ramig LO, Vogel D, New P, Cook C, Ingham RJ, Fox P: Hypophonia in Parkinson's disease: neural correlates of voice treatment revealed by PET. Neurology 2003;60:432-440.
112. Baumgartner C, Sapir S, Ramig LO: Voice quality changes following phonatory-respiratory effort treatment (LSVT) versus respiratory effort treatment for individuals with Parkinson disease. J Voice 2001;15:105-114.
113. Ramig LO, Sapir S, Fox C, Countryman S: Changes in vocal intensity following intensive voice treatment (LSVT) in individuals with Parkinson disease: a comparison with untreated patients and normal age-matched controls. Mov Disord 2001;16:79-83.
114. Spencer KA, Yorkston KM, Duffy JR: Behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction from dysarthria: a flowchart for guidance in clinical decision-making. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:xxxix-lxi.
115. Yorkston KM, Spencer KA, Duffy JR: Behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction from dysarthria: a systematic review of the evidence. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:xiii-xxxviii.
116. Sapir S, Pawlas A, Ramig LO, Seeley E, Fox C, Corboy J: Effects of intensive phonatory-respiratory treatment (LSVT) on voice in two individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2001;9:141-151.
117. Hartelius L, Wising C, Nord L: Speech modification in dysarthria associated with multiple sclerosis: an intervention based on vocal efficiency, contrastive stress, and verbal repair strategies. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1997;5:113-140.
118. Rontal E, Rontal M, Wald J, Rontal D: Botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of vocal fold paralysis associated with multiple sclerosis: a case report. J Voice 1999;2:274-279.
119. Berke GS, Gerratt B, Kreiman J, Jackson K: Treatment of Parkinson hypophonia with percutaneous collagen augmentation. Laryngoscope 1999;109:1295-1299.
120. Esposito SJ, Mitsumoto H, Shanks M: Use of palatal lift and palatal augmentation prostheses to improve dysarthria in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case series. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:90-98.
121. Roth CR, Roburka BJ, Workinger MS: The effects of a palatal lift prosthesis on speech intelligibility in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case study. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:365-370.
122. Weiss L: Speech intelligibility in quiet and noise environments with the Speech Enhancer, amplification, natural speech. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2002;10:327-332.
123. Cariski D, Rosenbek J: The effectiveness of the Speech Enhancer. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1999;7:315-322.
124. Ball LJ, Beukelman DR, Anderson E, Bilyeu DV, Robertson J, Pattee G: Duration of AAC technology use by persons with ALS. Augmentative Alternative Commun, in press.
125. Ball LJ, Beukelman DR, Pattee GL: Acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication technology by persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Augmentative Alternative Commun 2004;20:113-122.
126. Hill AJ, Theodoros DG, Russell TG, Cahill LM, Ward EC, Clark KM: An internet-based telerehabilitation system for the assessment of motor speech disorders: a pilot study. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2006;15:45-56.
127. Wohlert AB: Service delivery variables and outcomes of treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:235-240.
128. Armstrong L, Jans D, MacDonald A: Parkinson's disease and aided AAC: some evidence from practice. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2000;35:377-389.
129. Adams SG, Page AD, Jog M: Summary feedback schedules and speech motor learning in Parkinson's disease. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2002;10:215-220.
130. Schulz GM, Sulc S, Leon S, Gilligan G: Speech motor learning in Parkinson's disease: preliminary data. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2000;8:243-248.
131. Sunvisson H, Ekman S: Environmental influences on the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease. Nurs Inquiry 2001;8:41-50.
132. Yorkston KM, Klasner ER, Swanson KM: Communication in context: a qualitative study of the experiences of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2001;10:126-137.
133. Heberlein I, Vieregge P: The influence of speech disturbances on quality of life and copying strategies of Parkinson's disease patients (in German). Forum Logopädie 2005;19:26-31.
134. Klugman TM, Ross E: Perceptions of the impact of speech, language, swallowing, and hearing difficulties on quality of life of a group of South African persons with multiple sclerosis. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2002;54:201-221.
135. Murphy J: Communication strategies of people with ALS and their partners. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2004;5:121-126.
136. Fried-Oken M, Fox L, Rau M, Tullman J, Baker GA, Hindal MWN, Lou JS: Purpose of AAC devise use for persons with ALS as reported by caregivers. Augmentative Alternative Commun 2006;22:209-221.
137. Yorkston KM, Strand E, Miller R, Hillel A, Smith K: Speech deterioration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: implications for the timing of intervention. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 1993;1:35-46.
138. Netsell R, Daniel B: Dysarthria in adults: physiologic approach to rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979;60:502-508.
139. Ramig LO, Pawlas AA, Countryman S: The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment. Iowa City, National Center for Voice and Speech, 1995.
140. Hanson EK, Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR: Speech supplementation techniques for dysarthria: a systematic review. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2004;12:ix-xxix.
141. Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR: AAC intervention for progressive conditions: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease;in Beukelman DR, Garrett KL, Yorkston KM (eds): Augmentative Communication Strategies for Adults with Acute and Chronic Medical Conditions. Baltimore, Brookes, in press.
142. Frattali C, Bayles KA, Beeson P, Kennedy MRT, Wambaugh J, Yorkston KM: Development of evidence-based practice guidelines: committee update. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 2003;11:ix-xvii.
143. Ludlow CL, Hoit J, Kent R, Ramig LO, Shrivastav R, Smith A, Stathopoulos E, Strand EA, Yorkston K, Sapienza C: Translating principles of neural plasticity into research on speech motor control recovery and rehabilitation. J Speech Lang Hear Res, under revision.
144. Eadie TL, Yorkston KM, Klasner ER, Dudgeon BJ, Deitz J, Baylor CR, Miller RM, Amt mann D: Measuring communicative participation: a review of self-report instruments in speech-language pathology. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2006;15:307-320.