메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 138, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 189-197

Associations of anthropogenic activity and disturbance with fitness metrics of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

Author keywords

Avian; Breeding; Conservation; Gradient; Productivity; Time budget

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; BROOD REARING; COMPENSATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; FITNESS; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NESTING SUCCESS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; POPULATION BOTTLENECK; REPRODUCTIVE COST; REPRODUCTIVE PRODUCTIVITY; SONGBIRD; SURVIVAL; TIME ALLOCATION; WILD POPULATION;

EID: 34250018259     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (77)
  • 3
    • 6044236930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural responses to human disturbance: a matter of choice
    • Beale C.M., and Monaghan P. Behavioural responses to human disturbance: a matter of choice. Animal Behaviour 68 (2004) 1065-1069
    • (2004) Animal Behaviour , vol.68 , pp. 1065-1069
    • Beale, C.M.1    Monaghan, P.2
  • 4
    • 1942521274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human disturbance: people as predation-free predators?
    • Beale C.M., and Monaghan P. Human disturbance: people as predation-free predators?. Journal of Applied Ecology 41 (2004) 335-343
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 335-343
    • Beale, C.M.1    Monaghan, P.2
  • 5
    • 33244486287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of limiting the number of visitors on failure rates of seabird nests
    • Beale C.M., and Monaghan P. Modeling the effects of limiting the number of visitors on failure rates of seabird nests. Conservation Biology 19 (2005) 2015-2019
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 2015-2019
    • Beale, C.M.1    Monaghan, P.2
  • 7
    • 3843115461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of disturbance on behaviour, habitat use and energy of spring staging snow geese
    • Bechet A., Giroux J.F., and Gauthier G. The effects of disturbance on behaviour, habitat use and energy of spring staging snow geese. Journal of Applied Ecology 41 (2004) 689-700
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 689-700
    • Bechet, A.1    Giroux, J.F.2    Gauthier, G.3
  • 8
    • 34250002088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belser, C.G., 1981. Seasonal Ethograms of the Eastern Bluebird, Sialia sialis, near Clemson, South Carolina. Masters Thesis. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
  • 9
    • 0345832350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of investigator disturbance on hatching success and nest-site fidelity in a long-lived seabird, leach's storm-petrel
    • Blackmer A.L., Ackerman J.T., and Nevitt G.A. Effects of investigator disturbance on hatching success and nest-site fidelity in a long-lived seabird, leach's storm-petrel. Biological Conservation 116 (2004) 141-148
    • (2004) Biological Conservation , vol.116 , pp. 141-148
    • Blackmer, A.L.1    Ackerman, J.T.2    Nevitt, G.A.3
  • 10
    • 0030404264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient
    • Blair R.B. Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient. Ecological Applications 6 (1996) 506-519
    • (1996) Ecological Applications , vol.6 , pp. 506-519
    • Blair, R.B.1
  • 11
    • 31844435843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: how life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds
    • Blumstein D.T. Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: how life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Animal Behaviour 71 (2006) 389-399
    • (2006) Animal Behaviour , vol.71 , pp. 389-399
    • Blumstein, D.T.1
  • 12
    • 0037356701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human disturbance and nesting success of common eiders: interaction between visitors and gulls
    • Bolduc F., and Guillemette M. Human disturbance and nesting success of common eiders: interaction between visitors and gulls. Biological Conservation 110 (2003) 77-83
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.110 , pp. 77-83
    • Bolduc, F.1    Guillemette, M.2
  • 13
    • 0000412234 scopus 로고
    • Beach recreation and nesting birds
    • Knight R.L., and Gutzwiller K.J. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, D.C
    • Burger J. Beach recreation and nesting birds. In: Knight R.L., and Gutzwiller K.J. (Eds). Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research (1995), Island Press, Washington, D.C 281-295
    • (1995) Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research , pp. 281-295
    • Burger, J.1
  • 14
    • 0025919211 scopus 로고
    • Human distance and birds: tolerance and response distances of resident and migrant species in India
    • Burger J., and Gochfeld M. Human distance and birds: tolerance and response distances of resident and migrant species in India. Environmental Conservation 18 (1991) 158-165
    • (1991) Environmental Conservation , vol.18 , pp. 158-165
    • Burger, J.1    Gochfeld, M.2
  • 15
    • 0033393204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of human disturbance effects on nesting colonial waterbirds
    • Carney K.M., and Sydeman W.J. A review of human disturbance effects on nesting colonial waterbirds. Waterbirds 22 (1999) 68-79
    • (1999) Waterbirds , vol.22 , pp. 68-79
    • Carney, K.M.1    Sydeman, W.J.2
  • 17
    • 0034770583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are urban bird communities influenced by the bird diversity of adjacent landscapes?
    • Clergeau P., Jokimaki J., and Savard J.P.L. Are urban bird communities influenced by the bird diversity of adjacent landscapes?. Journal of Applied Ecology 38 (2001) 1122-1134
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 1122-1134
    • Clergeau, P.1    Jokimaki, J.2    Savard, J.P.L.3
  • 18
    • 34250027364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dahlgren, R.B., Korschgen, C.E., 1992. Human Disturbances of Waterfowl: An Annotated Bibliography. United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. pp. 1-3.
  • 19
    • 0032928246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement males in the western bluebird: opportunity for paternity, chick-feeding rules, and fitness consequences for male parental care
    • Dickinson J., and Weathers W. Replacement males in the western bluebird: opportunity for paternity, chick-feeding rules, and fitness consequences for male parental care. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 45 (1999) 201-209
    • (1999) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.45 , pp. 201-209
    • Dickinson, J.1    Weathers, W.2
  • 20
    • 0035179493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: implications for park design
    • Fernandez-Juricic E., Jimenez M.D., and Lucas E. Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: implications for park design. Environmental Conservation 28 (2001) 263-269
    • (2001) Environmental Conservation , vol.28 , pp. 263-269
    • Fernandez-Juricic, E.1    Jimenez, M.D.2    Lucas, E.3
  • 21
    • 0002522078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bird tolerance to human disturbance in urban parks of Madrid (Spain): management implications
    • Marzluff J.M. (Ed), Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA
    • Fernandez-Juricic E., Jimenez M.D., and Lucas E. Bird tolerance to human disturbance in urban parks of Madrid (Spain): management implications. In: Marzluff J.M. (Ed). Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World (2001), Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA 259-273
    • (2001) Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World , pp. 259-273
    • Fernandez-Juricic, E.1    Jimenez, M.D.2    Lucas, E.3
  • 22
    • 0038371268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the risk-disturbance hypothesis in a fragmented landscape: nonlinear responses of house sparrows to humans
    • Fernandez-Juricic E., Sallent A., Sanz R., and Rodriguez-Prieto I. Testing the risk-disturbance hypothesis in a fragmented landscape: nonlinear responses of house sparrows to humans. Condor 105 (2003) 316-326
    • (2003) Condor , vol.105 , pp. 316-326
    • Fernandez-Juricic, E.1    Sallent, A.2    Sanz, R.3    Rodriguez-Prieto, I.4
  • 23
    • 1642289341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal responses of forest birds to human approaches in a protected area and implications for two management strategies
    • Fernandez-Juricic E., Vaca R., and Schroeder N. Spatial and temporal responses of forest birds to human approaches in a protected area and implications for two management strategies. Biological Conservation 117 (2004) 407-416
    • (2004) Biological Conservation , vol.117 , pp. 407-416
    • Fernandez-Juricic, E.1    Vaca, R.2    Schroeder, N.3
  • 24
    • 20444450173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of wildlife to spatial patterns of recreationist behavior: a critical assessment of minimum approaching distances and buffer areas for grassland birds
    • Fernandez-Juricic E., Venier M.P., Renison D., and Blumstein D.T. Sensitivity of wildlife to spatial patterns of recreationist behavior: a critical assessment of minimum approaching distances and buffer areas for grassland birds. Biological Conservation 125 (2005) 225-235
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.125 , pp. 225-235
    • Fernandez-Juricic, E.1    Venier, M.P.2    Renison, D.3    Blumstein, D.T.4
  • 25
    • 4143115781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of recreational disturbance on an upland breeding bird, the golden plover Pluvialis Apricaria
    • Finney S.K., Pearce-Higgins J.W., and Yalden D.W. The effect of recreational disturbance on an upland breeding bird, the golden plover Pluvialis Apricaria. Biological Conservation 121 (2005) 53-63
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.121 , pp. 53-63
    • Finney, S.K.1    Pearce-Higgins, J.W.2    Yalden, D.W.3
  • 27
    • 0036170120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships of human disturbance, bird communities, and plant communities along the land-water interface of a large reservoir
    • Francl K.E., and Schnell G.D. Relationships of human disturbance, bird communities, and plant communities along the land-water interface of a large reservoir. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 73 (2002) 67-93
    • (2002) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.73 , pp. 67-93
    • Francl, K.E.1    Schnell, G.D.2
  • 28
    • 54249110616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk
    • online
    • Frid A., and Dill L. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conservation Ecology 6 (2002) online
    • (2002) Conservation Ecology , vol.6
    • Frid, A.1    Dill, L.2
  • 29
    • 0003057003 scopus 로고
    • Can birds be used to monitor the environment?
    • Furness R.W., and Greenwood J.J.D. (Eds), Chapman and Hall, London
    • Furness R.W., Greenwood J.J.D., and Jarvis P.J. Can birds be used to monitor the environment?. In: Furness R.W., and Greenwood J.J.D. (Eds). Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change (1993), Chapman and Hall, London
    • (1993) Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change
    • Furness, R.W.1    Greenwood, J.J.D.2    Jarvis, P.J.3
  • 30
    • 0029668858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of human activity on adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae breeding success
    • Giese M. Effects of human activity on adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae breeding success. Biological Conservation 75 (1996) 157-164
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.75 , pp. 157-164
    • Giese, M.1
  • 31
    • 0030304912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to quantify the effects of human disturbance on animal populations
    • Gill J.A., Sutherland W.J., and Watkinson A.R. A method to quantify the effects of human disturbance on animal populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 33 (1996) 786-792
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 786-792
    • Gill, J.A.1    Sutherland, W.J.2    Watkinson, A.R.3
  • 32
    • 27644459110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical thresholds of disturbance by people and raptors in foraging wading birds
    • Goss-Custard J.D., Triplet P., Sueur F., and West A.D. Critical thresholds of disturbance by people and raptors in foraging wading birds. Biological Conservation 127 (2006) 88-97
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.127 , pp. 88-97
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1    Triplet, P.2    Sueur, F.3    West, A.D.4
  • 33
    • 0003320105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis)
    • Poole A., and Gill F. (Eds), Philadelphia Natural Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia
    • Gowaty P.A., and Plissner J.H. Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis). In: Poole A., and Gill F. (Eds). The Birds of North America (1998), Philadelphia Natural Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia 1-31
    • (1998) The Birds of North America , pp. 1-31
    • Gowaty, P.A.1    Plissner, J.H.2
  • 35
    • 13644280057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do adult little egrets respond to disturbance at their nest by increased breeding dispersal?
    • Henry P.Y., Bennetts R.E., Kayser Y., and Hafner H. Do adult little egrets respond to disturbance at their nest by increased breeding dispersal?. Waterbirds 27 (2004) 480-482
    • (2004) Waterbirds , vol.27 , pp. 480-482
    • Henry, P.Y.1    Bennetts, R.E.2    Kayser, Y.3    Hafner, H.4
  • 36
    • 11144223861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-quality male field crickets invest heavily in sexual display but die young
    • Hunt J.R., Brooks R., Jennions M.D., Smith M.J., Bentsen C.L., and Bussiere L.F. High-quality male field crickets invest heavily in sexual display but die young. Nature 432 (2004) 1024-1027
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 1024-1027
    • Hunt, J.R.1    Brooks, R.2    Jennions, M.D.3    Smith, M.J.4    Bentsen, C.L.5    Bussiere, L.F.6
  • 37
    • 0037573635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do fences protect birds from human disturbance?
    • Ikuta L.A., and Blumstein D.T. Do fences protect birds from human disturbance?. Biological Conservation 112 (2003) 447-452
    • (2003) Biological Conservation , vol.112 , pp. 447-452
    • Ikuta, L.A.1    Blumstein, D.T.2
  • 39
    • 0029731911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of organized turtle watches on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting behavior and hatchling production in Florida
    • Johnson S.A., Bjorndal K.A., and Bolten A.B. Effects of organized turtle watches on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting behavior and hatchling production in Florida. Conservation Biology 10 (1996) 570-577
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 570-577
    • Johnson, S.A.1    Bjorndal, K.A.2    Bolten, A.B.3
  • 40
    • 34249994431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • King, M.M., Workman, G.W., 1986. Response of Desert Bighorn Sheep to Human Harassment: Management Implications. North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, pp. 74-85.
  • 41
    • 0003070148 scopus 로고
    • Factors that influence wildlife responses to recreationists
    • Knight R.L., and Gutzwiller K.J. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, D.C
    • Knight R.L., and Cole D.N. Factors that influence wildlife responses to recreationists. In: Knight R.L., and Gutzwiller K.J. (Eds). Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research (1995), Island Press, Washington, D.C 71-79
    • (1995) Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research , pp. 71-79
    • Knight, R.L.1    Cole, D.N.2
  • 43
    • 0035672324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds at a Southern California beach: seasonality, habitat use and disturbance by human activity
    • Lafferty K.D. Birds at a Southern California beach: seasonality, habitat use and disturbance by human activity. Biodiversity and Conservation 10 (2001) 1949-1962
    • (2001) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 1949-1962
    • Lafferty, K.D.1
  • 44
    • 27144523517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success and developmental stability of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) on golf courses: evidence that golf courses can be productive
    • LeClerc J., Che J.P., Swaddle J.P., and Cristol D.A. Reproductive success and developmental stability of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) on golf courses: evidence that golf courses can be productive. Wildlife Conservation Bulletin 33 (2005) 483-493
    • (2005) Wildlife Conservation Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 483-493
    • LeClerc, J.1    Che, J.P.2    Swaddle, J.P.3    Cristol, D.A.4
  • 45
    • 0141650590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of parental effort in a Passerine Bird
    • MacColl A.D.C., and Hatchwell B.J. Heritability of parental effort in a Passerine Bird. Evolution 57 (2003) 2191-2195
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 2191-2195
    • MacColl, A.D.C.1    Hatchwell, B.J.2
  • 46
    • 14644424653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in carabid beetle assemblages along an urbanisation gradient in the city of Debrecen, Hungary
    • Magura T., Tothmeresz B., and Molnar T. Changes in carabid beetle assemblages along an urbanisation gradient in the city of Debrecen, Hungary. Landscape Ecology 19 (2004) 747-759
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 747-759
    • Magura, T.1    Tothmeresz, B.2    Molnar, T.3
  • 48
    • 0034816636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of fragmented landscapes for the conservation of birds: a general framework and specific recommendations for urbanizing landscapes
    • Marzluff J.M., and Ewing K. Restoration of fragmented landscapes for the conservation of birds: a general framework and specific recommendations for urbanizing landscapes. Restoration Ecology 9 (2001) 280-292
    • (2001) Restoration Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 280-292
    • Marzluff, J.M.1    Ewing, K.2
  • 49
    • 0041312401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does bird community composition vary along a disturbance gradient in Northeast Iowa, USA, forests?
    • Norris W., Hemesath L.M., Debinski D.M., and Farrar D.R. Does bird community composition vary along a disturbance gradient in Northeast Iowa, USA, forests?. Natural Areas Journal 23 (2003) 262-273
    • (2003) Natural Areas Journal , vol.23 , pp. 262-273
    • Norris, W.1    Hemesath, L.M.2    Debinski, D.M.3    Farrar, D.R.4
  • 50
    • 22244483802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of human disturbances on the behavior of wintering ducks
    • Pease M., Rose R.K., and Butler M.J. Effects of human disturbances on the behavior of wintering ducks. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33 (2005) 103-112
    • (2005) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 103-112
    • Pease, M.1    Rose, R.K.2    Butler, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 0344651999 scopus 로고
    • Foraging behavior of the eastern bluebird
    • Pinkowski B.C. Foraging behavior of the eastern bluebird. The Wilson Bulletin 89 (1977) 404-414
    • (1977) The Wilson Bulletin , vol.89 , pp. 404-414
    • Pinkowski, B.C.1
  • 52
    • 23044452503 scopus 로고
    • Time budget and incubation rhythm of the eastern bluebird
    • Pinkowski B.C. Time budget and incubation rhythm of the eastern bluebird. The American Midland Naturalist 101 (1979) 427-433
    • (1979) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.101 , pp. 427-433
    • Pinkowski, B.C.1
  • 53
    • 0024224682 scopus 로고
    • Sources, sinks and population regulation
    • Pulliam H.R. Sources, sinks and population regulation. The American Naturalist 132 (1988) 652-661
    • (1988) The American Naturalist , vol.132 , pp. 652-661
    • Pulliam, H.R.1
  • 54
    • 4444318175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the behavioural responses of whooper swans (Cygnus c. cygnus) to various human activities
    • Rees E.C., Bruce J.H., and White G.T. Factors affecting the behavioural responses of whooper swans (Cygnus c. cygnus) to various human activities. Biological Conservation 121 (2005) 369-382
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.121 , pp. 369-382
    • Rees, E.C.1    Bruce, J.H.2    White, G.T.3
  • 55
    • 0030389131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does repeated human intrusion cause cumulative declines in avian richness and abundance
    • Riffell S.K., Gutzwiller K.J., and Anderson S.H. Does repeated human intrusion cause cumulative declines in avian richness and abundance. Ecological Applications 6 (1996) 492-505
    • (1996) Ecological Applications , vol.6 , pp. 492-505
    • Riffell, S.K.1    Gutzwiller, K.J.2    Anderson, S.H.3
  • 58
    • 0000660690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of human disturbance and response by small mammals and birds in chaparral near urban development
    • Sauvajot R., Buechner M., Kamradt D.A., and Schonewald C.M. Patterns of human disturbance and response by small mammals and birds in chaparral near urban development. Urban Ecosystems 2 (1998) 279-297
    • (1998) Urban Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 279-297
    • Sauvajot, R.1    Buechner, M.2    Kamradt, D.A.3    Schonewald, C.M.4
  • 59
    • 0038685830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and melanin coloration indicate parental effort and reproductive success in male eastern bluebirds
    • Siefferman L., and Hill G.E. Structural and melanin coloration indicate parental effort and reproductive success in male eastern bluebirds. Behavioral Ecology 14 (2003) 855-861
    • (2003) Behavioral Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 855-861
    • Siefferman, L.1    Hill, G.E.2
  • 60
    • 24644455166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for sexual selection on structural plumage coloration in female eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
    • Siefferman L., and Hill G.E. Evidence for sexual selection on structural plumage coloration in female eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis). Evolution 59 (2005) 1819-1828
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Siefferman, L.1    Hill, G.E.2
  • 61
    • 25444531490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male eastern bluebirds trade future ornamentation for current reproductive investment
    • Siefferman L., and Hill G.E. Male eastern bluebirds trade future ornamentation for current reproductive investment. Biology Letters (2005) 208-211
    • (2005) Biology Letters , pp. 208-211
    • Siefferman, L.1    Hill, G.E.2
  • 62
    • 0035672152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors
    • Soderstrom B., Svensson B., Vessby K., and Glimskar A. Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors. Biodiversity and Conservation 10 (2001) 1839-1863
    • (2001) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 1839-1863
    • Soderstrom, B.1    Svensson, B.2    Vessby, K.3    Glimskar, A.4
  • 63
    • 0034141977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental effects of human activity on breeding bald eagles
    • Steidl R., and Anthony R. Experimental effects of human activity on breeding bald eagles. Ecological Applications 10 (2000) 258-268
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , pp. 258-268
    • Steidl, R.1    Anthony, R.2
  • 65
    • 1442266699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of vehicle passage on foraging behavior of wading birds
    • Stolen E.D. The effects of vehicle passage on foraging behavior of wading birds. Waterbirds 26 (2003) 429-436
    • (2003) Waterbirds , vol.26 , pp. 429-436
    • Stolen, E.D.1
  • 66
    • 0037329479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental effects of hiking on breeding Mexican spotted owls
    • Swarthout E., and Steidl R. Experimental effects of hiking on breeding Mexican spotted owls. Conservation Biology 17 (2003) 307-315
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , pp. 307-315
    • Swarthout, E.1    Steidl, R.2
  • 67
    • 0031573111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural links: naturalistic golf courses as wildlife habitat
    • Terman M.R. Natural links: naturalistic golf courses as wildlife habitat. Landscape and Urban Planning 38 (1997) 183-197
    • (1997) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.38 , pp. 183-197
    • Terman, M.R.1
  • 68
    • 0033042701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human population density and prediction of local plant extinction in Britain
    • Thompson K., and Jones A. Human population density and prediction of local plant extinction in Britain. Conservation Biology 13 (1999) 185-189
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 185-189
    • Thompson, K.1    Jones, A.2
  • 69
    • 0034872083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for effects of human disturbance on foraging and parental care in oystercatchers
    • Verhulst S., Oosterbeek K., and Ens B.J. Experimental evidence for effects of human disturbance on foraging and parental care in oystercatchers. Biological Conservation 101 (2001) 375-380
    • (2001) Biological Conservation , vol.101 , pp. 375-380
    • Verhulst, S.1    Oosterbeek, K.2    Ens, B.J.3
  • 70
    • 0028162284 scopus 로고
    • Beyond global warming: ecology and global change
    • Vitousek P. Beyond global warming: ecology and global change. Ecology 75 (1994) 1861-1876
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1861-1876
    • Vitousek, P.1
  • 73
    • 5344242537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of land use on bird species richness in Sulawesi, Indonesia
    • Waltert M., Mardiastuti A., and Muhlenberg M. Effects of land use on bird species richness in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Conservation Biology 18 (2004) 1339-1346
    • (2004) Conservation Biology , vol.18 , pp. 1339-1346
    • Waltert, M.1    Mardiastuti, A.2    Muhlenberg, M.3
  • 74
    • 0347499571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moult, flight performance, and wingbeat kinematics during take-off in European starlings sturnus vulgaris
    • Williams E.V., and Swaddle J.P. Moult, flight performance, and wingbeat kinematics during take-off in European starlings sturnus vulgaris. Journal of Avian Biology 34 (2003) 371-378
    • (2003) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.34 , pp. 371-378
    • Williams, E.V.1    Swaddle, J.P.2
  • 75
    • 0000434142 scopus 로고
    • Behavior responses and reproduction of mule deer, Odocoielus hemionus, does following experimental harassment with an all-terrain vehicle
    • Yarmoloy C., Bayer M., and Geist V. Behavior responses and reproduction of mule deer, Odocoielus hemionus, does following experimental harassment with an all-terrain vehicle. Canadian Field-Naturalist 102 (1988) 425-429
    • (1988) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.102 , pp. 425-429
    • Yarmoloy, C.1    Bayer, M.2    Geist, V.3
  • 76
    • 13844256946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preening, plumage reflectance, and female choice in budgerigars
    • Zampiga E., Hoi H., and Pilastro A. Preening, plumage reflectance, and female choice in budgerigars. Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution 16 (2004) 339-349
    • (2004) Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution , vol.16 , pp. 339-349
    • Zampiga, E.1    Hoi, H.2    Pilastro, A.3
  • 77
    • 34249999026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zimmerman, E.A., 2007. Eastern Bluebird History. http://www.sialis.org/history.htm (21 February 2007).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.