Dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder? Unravelling the enigma

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 92, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 534-539

  Gibbs, John ^a   Appleton, Jeanette ^b   Appleton, Richard ^c  

^a Countess of Chester Hospital ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b WIRRAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ALDER HEY CHILDREN'S NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DYSPRAXIA; HUMAN; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL DISABILITY; UNITED KINGDOM;

APRAXIAS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MOTOR SKILLS DISORDERS; TERMINOLOGY;

EID: 34249907326     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.088054     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Bowens A, Smith I. Childhood dyspraxia: some issues for the NHS. Nuffield Portfolio Programme Report No: 2 Leeds, Nuffield Institute for Health, 1999.
2. Portwood M. Developmental dyspraxia: a practical manual for parents and professionals. Durham: Educational Psychological Service, Durham County Council, 1996.
3. Kirby A. Is dyspraxia a medical condition or a social disorder? Br J Gen Pract 2004;54:6-8.
4. Polatajko HJ, Fox AM, Missiuna C. An international consensus on children with developmental coordination disorder. Can J Occup Ther 1995;62:3-6.
5. McGovern R. Developmental dyspraxia: or just plain clumsy? Early Years 1991;12:37-8.
6. Gubbay SS. The clumsy child: a study of developmental apraxia and agnostic ataxia. London: WB Saunders, 1975.
7. Gubbay SS. The management of developmental apraxia. Dev Med Child Neurol 1978;20:643-6.
8. Krutz L. How to help a clumsy child. Strategies for young children with developmental motor concerns. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2003.
9. Pincus JH, Glaser GH. The syndrome of "minimal brain damage" in childhood. N Eng J Med 1966;275:27-35.
10. Rutter M. Syndromes attributed to "minimal brain dysfunction" in childhood. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:21-33.
11. Ayres AJ. Sensory integration and the child. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services, 1979.
12. Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Developmental coordination disorder in Swedish 7-year-old children J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:820-8.
13. Gillberg C. Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: a brief review. Arch Dis Child 2003;88:904-10.
14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
15. Peters JM, Barnett AL, Henderson SE. Clumsiness, dyspraxia and developmental co-ordination disorder: how do health and educational professionals in the UK define the terms? Child Care Heath Dev 2001;27:399-412.
16. Missiuna C, Polataiko H. Developmental dyspraxia by any other name: are they all just clumsy children? Am J Occup Ther 1994;49:619-27.
17. Magalhaes LC, Missiuna C, Wong S. Terminology used in research reports of developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006;48:937-41.
18. BBC Health. Dyspraxia, http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/ conditions/dyspraxia2 (accessed 9 Jan 2006).
19. British Association of Community Child Health (Child Development and Disability Group). Standards for child development services: a guide to commissioners and providers. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000.
20. Gordon N, McKinlay I. Helping clumsy children. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1980.
21. Holsti L, Grunau RV, Whitfield MF. Developmental coordination disorder in extremely low birth weight children at nine years. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002;23:9-15.
22. Box H, Bonney H, Greenfield J. The patient's journey: the progressive ataxias. BMJ 2005;331:1007-9.
23. Touwen B. Clinics in Developmental Medicine. Examination of the child with minor neurological dysfunction, 2nd edn, No. 71. London: MacKeith Press, 1979.
24. Denckla MB. Neurological examination for subtle signs (PANESS). Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:773-800.
25. Bruininks RH. Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency examiner's manual. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Service, 1978.
26. Henderson SE, Sugden DA. Movement assessment battery for children. London: The Psychological Corporation, 1992.
27. Dunford C, Street E, O'Connell H, et al. Are referrals to occupational therapy for developmental co-ordination disorder appropriate? Arch Dis Child 2004;89:143-7.
28. Dunford C, Richards S. 'Doubly disadvantaged': report of a survey on waiting lists and waiting times for occupational therapy services for children with developmental co-ordination disorder. London: College of Occupational Therapists, National Association of Paediatric Occupational Therapists, 2003.
29. McWilliams S. Developmental co-ordination disorder and self-esteem: do occupational therapy groups have a positive effect? Br J Occup Ther 2005;68:393-400.
30. Missiuna C, Pollock N. Perceived efficacy and goal setting in young children. Can J Occup Ther 2000;67:101-9.
31. Missiuna C, Pollack N, Law M. Perceived efficacy and goal setting system (PEGS). San Antonia TX: Psychological Corporation, 2004.
32. United Nations. United Nations convention on the rights of the child. Geneva: United Nations, 1989.
33. Dunford C, Missiuna C, Street E, Sibert J. Children's perception of the impact of developmental coordination disorder on activities of daily living. Br J Occup Ther 2005;68:207-14.
34. Missiuna C, Pollock N, Law M, et al. Examination of a perceived efficacy and goal setting system for young children with disabilities Am J Occup Ther 2006;60:204-14.
35. Schoemaker MM, Flapper B, Verheij NP, et al. Evaluation of the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire as a screening instrument. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006;48:668-73.
36. Miyahara M, Moebs I. Developmental dyspraxia and developmental coordination disorder. Neuropsychol Rev 1995;5:245-68.
37. Ayres JA, Mailoux ZK, Wendler CLW. Developmental dyspraxia: is it a unitary function? Occup Ther J Res 1987;7:93-110.
38. Laszlo JI, Sainsbury KM. Perceptual-motor development and prevention of clumsiness. Psychol Res 1993;55:167-74.
39. Revie G, Larkin D. Task-specific intervention with children reduces movement problems. Adapted Phys Activity Q 1993;10:29-41.
40. Sims K, Henderson SE, Morton J, et al. The remediation of clumsiness. II. Is kinaesthesis the answer? Dev Med Child Neurol 1996;38:988-97.
41. Polatajko HJ, Macnab JJ, Anstett B, et al. A clinical trial of the process-orientated treatment approach for children with developmental co-ordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995;37:310-19.
42. Sugden DA, Chambers ME. Intervention in children with developmental coordination disorder: the role of parents and teachers. Br J Educ Psychol 2003;73:545-61.
43. Peters JM, Henderson SE, Dookun D. Provision for children with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD): audit of the service provider. Child Care Health Dev 2004;30:463-79.
44. Rodger S, Mandich A. Getting the run around: accessing services for children with developmental co-ordination disorder. Child Care Health Dev 2005;31:449-57.
45. Coffield M, O'Neill J. The Durham experience: promoting dyslexia and dyspraxia friendly schools. Dyslexia 2004;10:253-64.
46. Hellgren L, Gillberg IC, Bagenholm A, et al. Children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) almost grown up: psychiatric and personality disorders at age 16 years. J Psychol Psychiatry 1994;35:1255-71.
47. Rasmussen P, Gillberg C. Natural outcome of ADHD with developmental coordination disorder at age 22 years: a controlled, longitudinal, community-based study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:1424-31.
48. Cermak SA, Trimble H, Coryell J, et al. Bilateral motor coordination in adolescents with and without learning disabilities. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 1990;10:5-18.
49. Losse A, Henderson S, Elliman D, et al. Clumsiness in children - do they grow out of it? A 10-year follow up study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1991;33:55-68.
50. Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE, et al. Developmental co-ordination disorder, generalized self-efficacy toward physical activity, and participation in organized and free play activities. J Pediatr 2005;147:515-20.