Very different X-ray-to-optical column density ratios in -γ-ray burst afterglows: Ionization in GRB environments

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 660, Issue 2 II, 2007, Pages

  Watson, D ^a   Hjorth, J ^a   Fynbo, J P U ^a   Jakobsson, P ^b   Foley, S ^c   Sollerman, J ^a,d   Wijers, R A M J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^d STOCKHOLM OBSERVATORY   (Sweden)

^e UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Gamma rays: bursts; Quasars: absorption lines; X rays: galaxies; X rays: general

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249899945     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/518310     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Butler, N. R., & Kocevski, D. 2007, ApJ, in press (astro-ph/0612564)
2. Campana, S., et al. 2006, A&A, 449, 61
3. _. 2007, ApJ, 654, L17
4. Chen, H.-W., Prochaska, J. X., Bloom, J. S., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., & Foley, R. J. 2007, ApJ, in press (astro-ph/0611079)
5. Chen, H.-W., Prochaska, J. X., Bloom, J. S., & Thompson, I. B. 2005, ApJ, 634, L25
6. D'Elia, V., et al. 2007, A&A, in press (astro-ph/0609825)
7. De Pasquale, M., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 1031
8. Dickey, J. M., & Lockman, F. J. 1990, ARA&A, 28, 215
9. Donato, D., Sambruna, R. M., & Gliozzi, M. 2005, A&A, 433, 1163
10. Elvis, M., Green, R. F., Bechtold, J., Schmidt, M., Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B. T., Matthews, K., & Fabbiano, G. 1986, ApJ, 310, 291
11. Elvis, M., Wilkes, B. J., & Lockman, F. J. 1989. AJ, 97, 777
12. Fruchter, A. S., et al. 2006, Nature, 441, 463
13. Fynbo, J. P. U., et al. 2001, A&A, 373, 796
14. _. 2003, A&A, 406, L63
15. _. 2006, A&A, 451, L47
16. Gendre, B., Corsi, A., & Piro, L. 2006, A&A, 455, 803
17. Gendre, B., Galli, A., Corsi, A., Klotz, A., Piro, L., Stratta, G., Boër, M., & Damerdji, Y. 2007, A&A, 462, 565
18. Hjorth, J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 597, 699
19. Hurkett, C. P., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 368, 1101
20. Jakobsson, P., et al. 2006a, A&A, 447, 897
21. _. 2006b, A&A, 460, L13
22. Jensen, B. L., et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 909
23. Kalberla, P. M. W., Burton, W. B., Hartmann, D., Arnal, E. M., Bajaja, E., Morras, R., & Pöppel, W. G. L. 2005, A&A, 440, 775
24. Kewley, L. J., Brown, W. R., Geller, M. J., Kenyon, S. J., & Kurtz, M. J. 2007, AJ, 133, 882
25. Le Floc'h, E., et al. 2003, A&A, 400, 499
26. Meiring, J. D., Lauroesch, J. T., Kulkarni, V. P., Péroux, C., Khare, P., York, D. G., & Crotts, A. P. S. 2007, MNRAS, in press (astro-ph/0702297)
27. Modjaz, M., Kewley, L., Kirshner, R. P., Stanek, K. Z., Challis, P., Garnavich, P. M., Greene, J. E., & Prieto, J. L. 2007, AJ, submitted (astro-ph/0701246)
28. Prochaska, J. X., Chen, H.-W., & Bloom, J. S. 2006, ApJ, 648, 95
29. Prochter, G. E., et al. 2006, ApJ, 648, L93
30. Reichart, D. E., & Price, P. A. 2002, ApJ, 565, 174
31. Sollerman, J., Lundqvist, P., Lindler, D., Chevalier, R. A., Fransson, C., Gull, T. R., Pun, C. S. J., & Sonneborn, G. 2000, ApJ, 537, 861
32. Starling, R. L. C., et al. 2005, A&A, 442, L21
33. Stocke, J. T., & Rector, T. A. 1997, ApJ, 489, L17
34. Stratta, G., Fiore, F. Antonelli, L. A., Piro, L., & De Pasquale, M. 2004, ApJ, 608, 846
35. Turnshek, D. A., Rao, S. M., Ptak, A. F., Griffiths, R. E., & Monier, E. M. 2003, ApJ, 590, 730
36. Vreeswijk, P. M., et al. 2004, A&A, 419, 927
37. _. 2006, A&A, submitted (astro-ph/0611690)
38. Watson, D., Reeves, J. N., Osborne, J. P., Tedds, J. A., O'Brien, P. T., Tomas, L., & Ehle, M. 2002, A&A, 395, L41
39. Watson, D., et al. 2006a, ApJ, 637, L69
40. -. 2006b, ApJ, 652, 1011
41. Willingale, R., Aschenbach, B., Griffiths, R. G., Sembay, S., Warwick, R. S., Becker, W., Abbey, A. F., & Bonnet-Bidaud, J.-M. 2001, A&A, 365, L212
42. Wilms, J., Allen, A., & McCray, R. 2000, ApJ, 542, 914