Two-dimensional crystal growth from undersaturated solutions

Langmuir

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 5852-5856

  Murdaugh, Anne E ^a   Liddelow, Mary ^b   Schmidt, Anneliese M ^c   Manne, Srinivas ^a  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

^b University of Arizona   (United States)

^c Antares Group Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUEOUS CONCENTRATIONS; DISSOLVED COMPOUNDS; IONIC COMPOUNDS; SOLID PHASE; UNDERSATURATED SOLUTIONS;

CATALYST ACTIVITY; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); NUCLEATION; SOLUBILITY; SOLUTIONS; SUBSTRATES;

CRYSTAL GROWTH;

EID: 34249866540     PISSN: 07437463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/la063548d     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Hansson, P. O.; Albrecht, M.; Dorsch, W.; Strunk, H. P.; Bauser, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 73, 444.
2. Jeganathan, K.; Qhalid Fareed, R. S.; Baskar, K.; Ramasamy, P.; Kumar, J. J. Cryst. Growth 2000, 212, 29.
3. Hillner, P. E.; Gratz, A. J.; Manne, S.; Hansma, P. K. Geology 1992, 20, 359.
4. Hay, M. B.; Workman, R. K.; Manne, S. Langmuir 2003, 19, 3727.
5. Dove, P. M.; Hochella, M. F. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57, 705.
6. Teng, H. H.; Dove, P. M.; Orme, C. A.; De Yoreo, J. J. Science 1998, 282, 724.
7. Davis, K. J.; Dove, P. M.; De Yoreo, J. J. Science 2000, 290, 1134.
8. Hoffmann, U.; Stipp, S. L. S. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2001, 65, 4131.
9. Liang, Y.; Baer, D. R. Surf. Sci. 1997, 373, 275.
10. Lea, A. S.; Hurt, T. T.; El-Azab, A.; Amonette, J. E.; Baer, D. R. Surf. Sci. 2003, 524, 63.
11. Jun, Y. S.; Kendall, T. A.; Martin, S. T.; Friend, C. M.; Vlassak, J. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 1239.
12. Astilleros, J. M.; Pina, C. M.; Fernàndez-Díaz, L.; Putnis, A. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2000, 64, 2965.
13. Sánchez-Pastor, N.; Pina, C. M.; Astilleros, J. M.; Fernández-Díaz, L.; Putnis, A. Surf. Sci. 2005, 581, 225.
14. Shtukenberg, A. G.; Astilleros, J. M.; Putnis, A. Surf. Sci. 2005, 590, 212.
15. Pina, C. M.; Becker, U.; Risthaus, P.; Bosbach, D.; Putnis, A. Nature 1998, 395, 483.
16. Becker, U.; Gasharova, B. Phys. Chem. Miner. 2001, 28, 545.
17. Krauskopf, K. B. Geochim. Cosmochim, Acta 1956, 10, 1.
18. Brown, G. E.; Parks, G. A. Int. Geol. Rev. 2001, 43, 963.
19. Sturchio, N. C.; Antonio, M. R.; Soderholm, L.; Sutton, S. R.; Brannon, J. C. Science 1998, 281, 971.
20. Only clear and colorless natural crystals were chosen for experiments. Crystals were cleaved using a sharp blade and a hammer and then glued to the sample puck and imaged in water within 1 h of cleaving. (The water used in these experiments was distilled and deionized with a minimum resistivity of 17.8 MΩ cm. All ionic salts were used as received from Sigma- Aldrich and had a minimum purity of 99%.) Only surfaces showing broad terraces (>500 nm) and faceted, monomolecular steps were used for growth experiments. All AFM images were captured in static solutions at room temperature by a Digital Instruments AFM (Nanoscope III or Dimension 3000) using cantilever spring constants of ∼0.6 N/m, imaging forces of ∼1-10 nN, and scan rates of 5-20 Hz at a scan angle of 90°. All images shown are unfiltered except for slope removal along each scan line.
21. Stumm, W.; Morgan, J.J. Aquatic Chemistry: An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981.
22. 4, showed no film growth in undersaturated solutions. We minimized tip scanning effects on the growing film by using low imaging forces, and we also confirmed the similarity in images between scanned and previously unscanned areas.
23. 4. Step speeds varied somewhat between samples and depended strongly on step orientation.
24. Pina, C. M.; Enders, M.; Putnis, A. Chem. Geol. 2000, 168, 195.
25. Marcus, Y. Biophys. Chem. 1994, 51, 111.
26. Klein, C.; Hurlbut, C. S. Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1977; pp 349-350.
27. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 16th ed.; Speight, J. G., Ed.; McGraw Hill: New York, 2005.
28. substrate, consistent with the observation of wetting growth. (Sources: Klein, C.; Hurlbut, C. S. Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1977; pp 349-350.
29. Smithells Metals Reference Book, 6th ed.; Brandes, E., Ed.; Butterworths: London, 1983.
30. Söhnel, O. J. Cryst. Growth 1982, 57, 101.)
31. Higgins, S. R.; Jordan, G.; Eggleston, C. M.; Knauss, K. G. Langmuir 1998, 14, 4967.
32. Prieto, M.; Frenández-González, A.; Putnis, A.; Frenández-Díaz, L. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61, 3383.
33. Manne, S.; Cleveland, J. P.; Gaub, H. E.; Stucky, G. D.; Hansma, P. K. Langmuir 1994, 10, 4409.
34. Manne, S.; Gaub, H. E. Science 1995, 270, 1480.
35. Lamont, R. E.; Ducker, W. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7602.
36. Herrero, E.; Buller, L. J.; Abruna, H. D. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1897.
37. Magnussen, O. M. Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 679.
38. Leiva, E. Electrochim. Acta 1996, 41, 2185.
39. Pina, C. M.; Putnis, A.; Astilleros, J. M. Chem. Geol. 2004, 204, 145.
40. Liu, H.; Papangelakis, V. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2006, 45, 39.
41. James, R. W.; Wood, W. A. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A. 1925, 109, 598.