메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 132-141

Botulinum toxin injection: A review of injection principles and protocols

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin; Detrusor overactive; Techniques

Indexed keywords


EID: 34249827604     PISSN: 16775538     EISSN: 16776119     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-55382007000200002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0023909940 scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients
    • Dykstra DD, Sidi AA, Scott AB, Pagel JM, Goldish GD: Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients. J Urol. 1988; 139:919-22.
    • (1988) J Urol , vol.139 , pp. 919-922
    • Dykstra, D.D.1    Sidi, A.A.2    Scott, A.B.3    Pagel, J.M.4    Goldish, G.D.5
  • 2
    • 0037334068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of botulinum a toxin in the treatment of voiding dysfunction due to detrusor underactivity
    • Kuo HC: Effect of botulinum a toxin in the treatment of voiding dysfunction due to detrusor underactivity. Urology. 2003; 61: 550-4.
    • (2003) Urology , vol.61 , pp. 550-554
    • Kuo, H.C.1
  • 3
    • 0012408259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trigonum and bladder base injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX) in patients with severe urgency-frequency-syndrome refractory to conservative medical treatment and electrical stimulation
    • Abstract
    • Zermann DH, Ishigooka M, Schubert J, Schmidt RA: Trigonum and bladder base injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX) in patients with severe urgency-frequency-syndrome refractory to conservative medical treatment and electrical stimulation. Neurourol Urodyn. 2001; 20: 412-3, Abstract.
    • (2001) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.20 , pp. 412-413
    • Zermann, D.H.1    Ishigooka, M.2    Schubert, J.3    Schmidt, R.A.4
  • 5
    • 17144393348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostate botulinum A toxin injection - an alternative treatment for benign prostatic obstruction in poor surgical candidates
    • Kuo HC: Prostate botulinum A toxin injection - an alternative treatment for benign prostatic obstruction in poor surgical candidates. Urology. 2005; 65: 670-4.
    • (2005) Urology , vol.65 , pp. 670-674
    • Kuo, H.C.1
  • 6
    • 10844294338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin A for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence in patients with spinal cord lesions
    • Bagi P, Biering-Sorensen F: Botulinum toxin A for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence in patients with spinal cord lesions. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2004; 38: 495-8.
    • (2004) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.38 , pp. 495-498
    • Bagi, P.1    Biering-Sorensen, F.2
  • 7
    • 0033870343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: A new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? Preliminary results
    • Schurch B, Stohrer M, Kramer G, Schmid DM, Gaul G, Hauri D: Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: a new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? Preliminary results. J Urol. 2000; 164: 692-7.
    • (2000) J Urol , vol.164 , pp. 692-697
    • Schurch, B.1    Stohrer, M.2    Kramer, G.3    Schmid, D.M.4    Gaul, G.5    Hauri, D.6
  • 8
    • 20444459051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: Results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study
    • Schurch B, de Seze M, Denys P, Chartier-Kastler E, Haab F, Everaert K, et al.: Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study. J Urol. 2005; 174: 196-200.
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 196-200
    • Schurch, B.1    de Seze, M.2    Denys, P.3    Chartier-Kastler, E.4    Haab, F.5    Everaert, K.6
  • 9
    • 12144288856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European experience of 200 cases treated with botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • Reitz A, Stohrer M, Kramer G, Del Popolo G, Chartier-Kastler E, Pannek J, et al.: European experience of 200 cases treated with botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Eur Urol. 2004; 45: 510-5.
    • (2004) Eur Urol , vol.45 , pp. 510-515
    • Reitz, A.1    Stohrer, M.2    Kramer, G.3    Del Popolo, G.4    Chartier-Kastler, E.5    Pannek, J.6
  • 10
    • 0037636259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum-a toxin detrusor injection as a novel approach in the treatment of bladder spasticity in children with neurogenic bladder
    • Schulte-Baukloh H, Michael T, Sturzebecher B, Knispel HH: Botulinum-a toxin detrusor injection as a novel approach in the treatment of bladder spasticity in children with neurogenic bladder. Eur Urol. 2003; 44: 139-43.
    • (2003) Eur Urol , vol.44 , pp. 139-143
    • Schulte-Baukloh, H.1    Michael, T.2    Sturzebecher, B.3    Knispel, H.H.4
  • 11
    • 20144380549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of botulinum-A toxin in adults with neurogenic overactive bladder: Initial results
    • Hajebrahimi S, Altaweel W, Cadoret J, Cohen E, Corcos J: Efficacy of botulinum-A toxin in adults with neurogenic overactive bladder: initial results. Can J Urol. 2005; 12: 2543-6.
    • (2005) Can J Urol , vol.12 , pp. 2543-2546
    • Hajebrahimi, S.1    Altaweel, W.2    Cadoret, J.3    Cohen, E.4    Corcos, J.5
  • 12
    • 25844464776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy and durability of response of intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A into detrusor muscle in patients with refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity
    • Rajkumar GN, Small DR, Mustafa AW, Conn G: A prospective study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy and durability of response of intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A into detrusor muscle in patients with refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity. BJU Int. 2005; 96: 848-52.
    • (2005) BJU Int , vol.96 , pp. 848-852
    • Rajkumar, G.N.1    Small, D.R.2    Mustafa, A.W.3    Conn, G.4
  • 13
    • 2942613330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of botulinum-A toxin for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder symptoms: An initial experience
    • Rapp DE, Lucioni A, Katz EE, O'Connor RC, Gerber GS, Bales GT: Use of botulinum-A toxin for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder symptoms: an initial experience. Urology. 2004; 63: 1071-5.
    • (2004) Urology , vol.63 , pp. 1071-1075
    • Rapp, D.E.1    Lucioni, A.2    Katz, E.E.3    O'Connor, R.C.4    Gerber, G.S.5    Bales, G.T.6
  • 14
    • 18144368897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A toxin injections into the detrusor: An effective treatment in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity?
    • Kessler TM, Danuser H, Schumacher M, Studer UE, Burkhard FC: Botulinum A toxin injections into the detrusor: an effective treatment in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity? Neurourol Urodyn. 2005; 24: 231-6.
    • (2005) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.24 , pp. 231-236
    • Kessler, T.M.1    Danuser, H.2    Schumacher, M.3    Studer, U.E.4    Burkhard, F.C.5
  • 15
    • 23744463960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Popat R, Apostolidis A, Kalsi V, Gonzales G, Fowler CJ, Dasgupta P: A comparison between the response of patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity and neurogenic detrusor overactivity to the first intradetrusor injection of botulinum-A toxin. J Urol. 2005; 174: 984-9.
    • Popat R, Apostolidis A, Kalsi V, Gonzales G, Fowler CJ, Dasgupta P: A comparison between the response of patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity and neurogenic detrusor overactivity to the first intradetrusor injection of botulinum-A toxin. J Urol. 2005; 174: 984-9.
  • 16
    • 12844268481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-institution experience in 110 patients with botulinum toxin A injection into bladder or urethra
    • Smith CP, Nishiguchi J, O'Leary M, Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB: Single-institution experience in 110 patients with botulinum toxin A injection into bladder or urethra. Urology. 2005; 65: 37-41.
    • (2005) Urology , vol.65 , pp. 37-41
    • Smith, C.P.1    Nishiguchi, J.2    O'Leary, M.3    Yoshimura, N.4    Chancellor, M.B.5
  • 17
    • 34249775133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin: The promise of therapy for complex voiding dysfunction
    • Rackley RR, Frenkl TL, Abdelmalak JB: Botulinum toxin: the promise of therapy for complex voiding dysfunction. Cont Urol. 2005; 38-52.
    • (2005) Cont Urol , pp. 38-52
    • Rackley, R.R.1    Frenkl, T.L.2    Abdelmalak, J.B.3
  • 18
    • 34249776284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, dosage, and safety of Dysport English botulinum toxin A in sever neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • Abst #405
    • Grosse J, Kramer G, Tong TQT, Stoher M, Jakse G: Efficacy, dosage, and safety of Dysport English botulinum toxin A in sever neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Eur Urol. 2005; suppl. 4: Abst #405.
    • (2005) Eur Urol , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Grosse, J.1    Kramer, G.2    Tong, T.Q.T.3    Stoher, M.4    Jakse, G.5
  • 19
    • 34249827810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the therapeutic effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum A toxin at different doses for refractory detrusor overactivity
    • A347
    • Kuo HC: Comparison of the therapeutic effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum A toxin at different doses for refractory detrusor overactivity. J Urol. 2006; 175: 113 (A347).
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.175 , pp. 113
    • Kuo, H.C.1
  • 20
    • 33645736797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimum dose of type A botulinum toxin for treating neurogenic bladder overactivity?
    • Ruffion A, Capelle O, Paparel P, Leriche B, Leriche A, Grise P: What is the optimum dose of type A botulinum toxin for treating neurogenic bladder overactivity? BJU Int. 2006; 97: 1030-4.
    • (2006) BJU Int , vol.97 , pp. 1030-1034
    • Ruffion, A.1    Capelle, O.2    Paparel, P.3    Leriche, B.4    Leriche, A.5    Grise, P.6
  • 21
    • 0033055065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: Biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals
    • de Paiva A, Meunier FA, Molgo J, Aoki KR, Dolly JO: Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96: 3200-5.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 3200-3205
    • de Paiva, A.1    Meunier, F.A.2    Molgo, J.3    Aoki, K.R.4    Dolly, J.O.5
  • 22
    • 8444237958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity safe? Ultrastructural data of detrusor biopsies
    • Haferkamp A, Krengel U, Reitz A, Grosse J, Kramer G, Schumacher S, et al.: Are botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity safe? Ultrastructural data of detrusor biopsies. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003; 22: 499-500.
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , pp. 499-500
    • Haferkamp, A.1    Krengel, U.2    Reitz, A.3    Grosse, J.4    Kramer, G.5    Schumacher, S.6
  • 23
    • 32044462256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type a inhibits calcitonin gene-related peptide release from isolated rat bladder
    • Rapp DE, Turk KW, Bales GT, Cook SP: Botulinum toxin type a inhibits calcitonin gene-related peptide release from isolated rat bladder. J Urol. 2006; 175: 1138-42.
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.175 , pp. 1138-1142
    • Rapp, D.E.1    Turk, K.W.2    Bales, G.T.3    Cook, S.P.4
  • 24
    • 4544372009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravesical botulinum toxin a administration produces analgesia against acetic acid induced bladder pain responses in rats
    • Chuang YC, Yoshimura N, Huang CC, Chiang PH, Chancellor MB: Intravesical botulinum toxin a administration produces analgesia against acetic acid induced bladder pain responses in rats. J Urol. 2004; 172: 1529-1532.
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.172 , pp. 1529-1532
    • Chuang, Y.C.1    Yoshimura, N.2    Huang, C.C.3    Chiang, P.H.4    Chancellor, M.B.5
  • 25
    • 34249813652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of botulinum toxin A on the autonomic nervous system of the rat lower urinary tract
    • Sampaio FJ: Effect of botulinum toxin A on the autonomic nervous system of the rat lower urinary tract. Int Braz J Urol. 2003; 29: 176-8.
    • (2003) Int Braz J Urol , vol.29 , pp. 176-178
    • Sampaio, F.J.1
  • 26
    • 23744514242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased sensory receptors P2X3 and TRPV1 in suburothelial nerve fibers following intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin for human detrusor overactivity
    • discussion 982-3
    • Apostolidis A, Popat R, Yiangou Y, Cockayne D, Ford AP, Davis JB, et al.: Decreased sensory receptors P2X3 and TRPV1 in suburothelial nerve fibers following intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin for human detrusor overactivity. J Urol. 2005; 174: 977-82; discussion 982-3.
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 977-982
    • Apostolidis, A.1    Popat, R.2    Yiangou, Y.3    Cockayne, D.4    Ford, A.P.5    Davis, J.B.6
  • 27
    • 4444289380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin A inhibits ATP release from bladder urothelium after chronic spinal cord injury
    • Khera M, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Boone TB, Smith CP: Botulinum toxin A inhibits ATP release from bladder urothelium after chronic spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int. 2004; 45: 987-93.
    • (2004) Neurochem Int , vol.45 , pp. 987-993
    • Khera, M.1    Somogyi, G.T.2    Kiss, S.3    Boone, T.B.4    Smith, C.P.5
  • 28
    • 33749259443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic Features in the Urinary Bladder Wall Affected from Neurogenic Overactivity - A Comparison of Inflammation, Oedema and Fibrosis With and Without Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A
    • Comperat E, Reitz A, Delcourt A, Capron F, Denys P, Chartier-Kastler E: Histologic Features in the Urinary Bladder Wall Affected from Neurogenic Overactivity - A Comparison of Inflammation, Oedema and Fibrosis With and Without Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A. Eur Urol. 2006; 50: 1058-64.
    • (2006) Eur Urol , vol.50 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Comperat, E.1    Reitz, A.2    Delcourt, A.3    Capron, F.4    Denys, P.5    Chartier-Kastler, E.6
  • 29
    • 0003300517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia
    • Del popolo G: Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia. Neururol Urodyn. 2001; 20: 522.
    • (2001) Neururol Urodyn , vol.20 , pp. 522
    • Del popolo, G.1
  • 30
    • 0036845928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscular weakness as side effect of botulinum toxin injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • Wyndaele JJ, Van Dromme SA: Muscular weakness as side effect of botulinum toxin injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Spinal Cord. 2002; 40: 599-600.
    • (2002) Spinal Cord , vol.40 , pp. 599-600
    • Wyndaele, J.J.1    Van Dromme, S.A.2
  • 31
    • 22344457486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum A toxin on patients with nonneurogenic detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics
    • Kuo HC: Clinical effects of suburothelial injection of botulinum A toxin on patients with nonneurogenic detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics. Urology. 2005; 66: 94-8.
    • (2005) Urology , vol.66 , pp. 94-98
    • Kuo, H.C.1
  • 32
    • 2442551736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of botulinum toxin in the management of voiding dysfunction
    • Smith CP, Chancellor MB: Emerging role of botulinum toxin in the management of voiding dysfunction. J Urol. 2004; 171: 2128-37.
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 2128-2137
    • Smith, C.P.1    Chancellor, M.B.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 34249806236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cystoscopic intradetrusor botulinum A toxin injection for the treatment of detrusor overactivity incontinence
    • Abst#1672
    • Mahajan ST, Kenton K, Brubaker L: Cystoscopic intradetrusor botulinum A toxin injection for the treatment of detrusor overactivity incontinence. J Urol. 2006; 175: 539, Abst#1672.
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.175 , pp. 539
    • Mahajan, S.T.1    Kenton, K.2    Brubaker, L.3
  • 35
    • 0344686361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of purinergic P2X receptor innervation in human detrusor and subepithelium from adults with sensory urgency
    • Ray FR, Moore KH, Hansen MA, Barden JA: Loss of purinergic P2X receptor innervation in human detrusor and subepithelium from adults with sensory urgency. Cell Tissue Res. 2003; 314: 351-9.
    • (2003) Cell Tissue Res , vol.314 , pp. 351-359
    • Ray, F.R.1    Moore, K.H.2    Hansen, M.A.3    Barden, J.A.4
  • 36
    • 0035137170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of bladder afferent pathways in bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor
    • Chuang YC, Fraser MO, Yu Y, Chancellor MB, de Groat WC, Yoshimura N: The role of bladder afferent pathways in bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor. J Urol. 2001; 165: 975-9.
    • (2001) J Urol , vol.165 , pp. 975-979
    • Chuang, Y.C.1    Fraser, M.O.2    Yu, Y.3    Chancellor, M.B.4    de Groat, W.C.5    Yoshimura, N.6
  • 37
    • 0000713128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After a decade of intravesical vanilloid therapy: Still more questions than answers
    • Szallasi A, Fowler CJ: After a decade of intravesical vanilloid therapy: still more questions than answers. Lancet Neurol. 20021; 1: 167-72.
    • Lancet Neurol , vol.20021 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-172
    • Szallasi, A.1    Fowler, C.J.2
  • 38
    • 12544260298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of intravesically applied botulinum toxin A in chronic bladder inflammation
    • Vemulakonda VM, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Salas NA, Boone TB, Smith CP: Inhibitory effect of intravesically applied botulinum toxin A in chronic bladder inflammation. J Urol. 2005; 173: 621-4.
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.173 , pp. 621-624
    • Vemulakonda, V.M.1    Somogyi, G.T.2    Kiss, S.3    Salas, N.A.4    Boone, T.B.5    Smith, C.P.6
  • 39
    • 34249786808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type A injection for overactive bladder: Trigone versus trigone-sparing injection
    • In Press
    • Lucioni A, Rapp DE, Gong EM, Fedunok P, Bales GT: Botulinum toxin type A injection for overactive bladder: trigone versus trigone-sparing injection. (In Press).
    • Lucioni, A.1    Rapp, D.E.2    Gong, E.M.3    Fedunok, P.4    Bales, G.T.5
  • 40
    • 17144372940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success of repeat detrusor injections of botulinum a toxin in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence
    • Grosse J, Kramer G, Stohrer M: Success of repeat detrusor injections of botulinum a toxin in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence. Eur Urol. 2005; 47: 653-9.
    • (2005) Eur Urol , vol.47 , pp. 653-659
    • Grosse, J.1    Kramer, G.2    Stohrer, M.3
  • 41
    • 0031051419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive assay for measurement of antibodies to Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A, B, and E: Use of hapten-labeled-antibody elution to isolate specific complexes
    • Doellgast GJ, Brown JE, Koufman JA, Hatheway CL: Sensitive assay for measurement of antibodies to Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A, B, and E: use of hapten-labeled-antibody elution to isolate specific complexes. J Clin Microbiol. 1997; 35: 578-83.
    • (1997) J Clin Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 578-583
    • Doellgast, G.J.1    Brown, J.E.2    Koufman, J.A.3    Hatheway, C.L.4
  • 42
    • 0041836264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of botulinum toxin type B for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report
    • Dykstra DD, Pryor J, Goldish G: Use of botulinum toxin type B for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003; 84: 1399-400.
    • (2003) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.84 , pp. 1399-1400
    • Dykstra, D.D.1    Pryor, J.2    Goldish, G.3
  • 43
  • 44
    • 85048378627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B injection for management of type A resistant neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • discussion 804-5
    • Reitz A, Schurch B: Botulinum toxin type B injection for management of type A resistant neurogenic detrusor overactivity. J Urol. 2004; 171: 804; discussion 804-5.
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 804
    • Reitz, A.1    Schurch, B.2
  • 45
    • 0347759835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin type B for type A resistant bladder spasticity
    • Pistolesi D, Selli C, Rossi B, Stampacchia G: Botulinum toxin type B for type A resistant bladder spasticity. J Urol. 2004; 171: 802-3.
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 802-803
    • Pistolesi, D.1    Selli, C.2    Rossi, B.3    Stampacchia, G.4
  • 46
    • 27544477692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum toxin B on refractory detrusor overactivity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial
    • Ghei M, Maraj BH, Miller R, Nathan S, O'Sullivan C, Fowler CJ, et al.: Effects of botulinum toxin B on refractory detrusor overactivity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. J Urol. 2005; 174: 1873-7.
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 1873-1877
    • Ghei, M.1    Maraj, B.H.2    Miller, R.3    Nathan, S.4    O'Sullivan, C.5    Fowler, C.J.6
  • 47
    • 27844553380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bladder or urethra injection of botulinum toxin type A: One institution's experience
    • Smaldone MC, Chancellor MB: Bladder or urethra injection of botulinum toxin type A: one institution's experience. Am J Urol Rev. 2005; 3: 422-426.
    • (2005) Am J Urol Rev , vol.3 , pp. 422-426
    • Smaldone, M.C.1    Chancellor, M.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.