메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 3222-3238

Tree mortality patterns following prescribed fires in a mixed conifer forest

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 34249819824     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X06-183     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 19544392685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic principles of fuel reduction treatments
    • Agee, J.K., and Skinner, C.N. 2005. Basic principles of fuel reduction treatments. For. Ecol. Manage. 211: 83-96.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.211 , pp. 83-96
    • Agee, J.K.1    Skinner, C.N.2
  • 4
    • 22744437904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking surface-fire behavior, stem heating, and tissue necrosis
    • Bova, A.S., and Dickinson, M.B. 2005. Linking surface-fire behavior, stem heating, and tissue necrosis. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 814-822.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res , vol.35 , pp. 814-822
    • Bova, A.S.1    Dickinson, M.B.2
  • 5
    • 0003518157 scopus 로고
    • Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA For. Serv., For. Range Exp. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. INT-16
    • Brown, J.K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA For. Serv., For. Range Exp. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-16.
    • (1974)
    • Brown, J.K.1
  • 6
    • 4043097009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest restoration and fire: Principles in the context of place
    • Brown, R.T., Agee, J.K., and Franklin, J.F. 2004. Forest restoration and fire: principles in the context of place. Conserv. Biol. 18: 903-912.
    • (2004) Conserv. Biol , vol.18 , pp. 903-912
    • Brown, R.T.1    Agee, J.K.2    Franklin, J.F.3
  • 7
    • 0003919120 scopus 로고
    • BEHAVE: Fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system. USDA For. Serv. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. INT-167
    • Burgan, R.E., and Rothermel, R.C. 1984. BEHAVE: fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-167.
    • (1984)
    • Burgan, R.E.1    Rothermel, R.C.2
  • 8
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • Edited by Kenneth Davis. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York
    • Byram, G.M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In Forest fire control and use. Edited by Kenneth Davis. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
    • (1959) Forest fire control and use
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 9
    • 34249887554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carlton, D. 2005. Fuels management analyst plus 3.0 [computer program, Fire Program Solutions, Sandy, Oregon
    • Carlton, D. 2005. Fuels management analyst plus 3.0 [computer program]. Fire Program Solutions, Sandy, Oregon.
  • 10
    • 21444450848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, online, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Available from, accessed 10 December
    • California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 2003. The changing California: forest and range 2003 assessment [online]. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Available from http://www.frap.cdf.ca.gov/ assessment2003/Assessment_Summary/assessment_summary.html [accessed 10 December 2005].
    • (2003) The changing California: Forest and range 2003 assessment
  • 12
    • 34249884119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dunning, D. 1942. A site classification for the mixed-conifer selection forest of the Sierra Nevada. Research Note 28. California Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California.
    • Dunning, D. 1942. A site classification for the mixed-conifer selection forest of the Sierra Nevada. Research Note 28. California Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California.
  • 14
    • 84971022078 scopus 로고
    • Calibration and field testing of passive flame height sensors
    • Finney, M.A., and Martin, R.E. 1992. Calibration and field testing of passive flame height sensors. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 2(3): 115-122.
    • (1992) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 115-122
    • Finney, M.A.1    Martin, R.E.2
  • 15
    • 0027830264 scopus 로고
    • Modeling effects of prescribed fire on young-growth coast redwood trees
    • Finney, M.A., and Martin, R.E. 1993. Modeling effects of prescribed fire on young-growth coast redwood trees. Can. J. For. Res. 23(6): 1125-1135.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 1125-1135
    • Finney, M.A.1    Martin, R.E.2
  • 16
    • 27544497049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire mortality of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir: A review of methods to predict tree death. USDA For. Serv. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. RMRS-132
    • Fowler, J.F., and Sieg, C.H. 2004. Postfire mortality of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir: a review of methods to predict tree death. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-132.
    • (2004)
    • Fowler, J.F.1    Sieg, C.H.2
  • 18
    • 34249907179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ganz, D.J., Dahlston, D.L., and Shea, P.J. 2003. The post-burning response of bark beetles to prescribed burning treatments. In Proceedings of the Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, 16-18 April 2002. USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-P-29. pp. 143-158.
    • Ganz, D.J., Dahlston, D.L., and Shea, P.J. 2003. The post-burning response of bark beetles to prescribed burning treatments. In Proceedings of the Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, 16-18 April 2002. USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-P-29. pp. 143-158.
  • 19
    • 0034711978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover
    • Gill, S.J., Biging, G.S., and Murphy, E. 2000. Modeling tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover. For. Ecol. Manage. 126: 405-416.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.126 , pp. 405-416
    • Gill, S.J.1    Biging, G.S.2    Murphy, E.3
  • 20
    • 12944320366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science basis for changing forest structure to modify wildfire behavior and severity. USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. RMRS-120
    • Graham, R.T., McCaffrey, S., and Jain, T.B. 2004. Science basis for changing forest structure to modify wildfire behavior and severity. USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-120.
    • (2004)
    • Graham, R.T.1    McCaffrey, S.2    Jain, T.B.3
  • 21
    • 0026499255 scopus 로고
    • Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of ponderosa pine needles in a Mediterranean-type climate
    • Hart, S.C., Firestone, M.K., and Paul, E.A. 1992. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of ponderosa pine needles in a Mediterranean-type climate. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 306-314.
    • (1992) Can. J. For. Res , vol.22 , pp. 306-314
    • Hart, S.C.1    Firestone, M.K.2    Paul, E.A.3
  • 22
    • 0041424867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in the southeastern Canadian mixed-wood boreal forest
    • Hely, C., Flannigan, M., and Bergeron, Y. 2003. Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in the southeastern Canadian mixed-wood boreal forest. For. Sci. 49(4): 566-576.
    • (2003) For. Sci , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 566-576
    • Hely, C.1    Flannigan, M.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 24
    • 0002575945 scopus 로고
    • Historical effects of logging on forests of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Ranges of California
    • Laudenslayer, W.F., and Darr, H.H. 1990. Historical effects of logging on forests of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Ranges of California. Trans. West. Sect. Wildl. Soc. 26: 12-23.
    • (1990) Trans. West. Sect. Wildl. Soc , vol.26 , pp. 12-23
    • Laudenslayer, W.F.1    Darr, H.H.2
  • 25
    • 34249863489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martin, R.E., and Dell, J.D. 1978. Planning for prescribed burning in the inland northwest. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-66. Pac. Northwest For. Range Exp. Stn., Portland, Oregon.
    • Martin, R.E., and Dell, J.D. 1978. Planning for prescribed burning in the inland northwest. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-66. Pac. Northwest For. Range Exp. Stn., Portland, Oregon.
  • 26
    • 0037262577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ponderosa pine mortality following fire in Northern Arizona
    • McHugh, C.W., and Kolb, T.E. 2003. Ponderosa pine mortality following fire in Northern Arizona. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 12: 7-22.
    • (2003) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.12 , pp. 7-22
    • McHugh, C.W.1    Kolb, T.E.2
  • 27
    • 34249866461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McIver, J., Weatherspoon, P. 2006. A national study of the consequences of fire and fire surrogate treatments [online]. Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program. Available from http://jfsp.nifc.gov/projects/99-S-01/99-S- 01_final_report.pdf [accessed 7 February 2007].
    • McIver, J., Weatherspoon, P. 2006. A national study of the consequences of fire and fire surrogate treatments [online]. Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program. Available from http://jfsp.nifc.gov/projects/99-S-01/99-S- 01_final_report.pdf [accessed 7 February 2007].
  • 28
    • 0031694732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutch, L.S., and Parsons, D.J. 1998. Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California. For. Sci. 44(3): 341-355.
    • Mutch, L.S., and Parsons, D.J. 1998. Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California. For. Sci. 44(3): 341-355.
  • 29
    • 0003725964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group, National Wildfire Coordinating Group, Interagency Fire Center, Boise, Idaho
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group. 2001. Review and update of the 1995 federal wildland fire management policy. National Wildfire Coordinating Group, Interagency Fire Center, Boise, Idaho.
    • (2001) Review and update of the 1995 federal wildland fire management policy
  • 31
    • 0001286534 scopus 로고
    • Crown scorch volume and scorch heights: Estimates of postfire tree condition
    • Peterson, D.L. 1985. Crown scorch volume and scorch heights: estimates of postfire tree condition. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 596-598.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res , vol.15 , pp. 596-598
    • Peterson, D.L.1
  • 32
    • 0022823741 scopus 로고
    • Postfire survival in Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine: Comparing the effects of crown and bole damage
    • Peterson, D.L., and Arbaugh, M.J. 1986. Postfire survival in Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine: comparing the effects of crown and bole damage. Can. J. For. Res. 16: 1175-1179.
    • (1986) Can. J. For. Res , vol.16 , pp. 1175-1179
    • Peterson, D.L.1    Arbaugh, M.J.2
  • 33
    • 0024944729 scopus 로고
    • Estimating postfire survival of Douglas-fir in the Cascade Range
    • Peterson, D.L., and Arbaugh, M.J. 1989. Estimating postfire survival of Douglas-fir in the Cascade Range. Can. J. For. Res. 19: 530-533.
    • (1989) Can. J. For. Res , vol.19 , pp. 530-533
    • Peterson, D.L.1    Arbaugh, M.J.2
  • 34
    • 0000381722 scopus 로고
    • Modeling postfire conifer mortality for long-range planning
    • Peterson, D.L., and Ryan, K.C. 1986. Modeling postfire conifer mortality for long-range planning. Environ. Manage. 10(6): 797-808.
    • (1986) Environ. Manage , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 797-808
    • Peterson, D.L.1    Ryan, K.C.2
  • 35
    • 34249888633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plumb, T.R. 1980. Response of oaks to fire. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology, Management, and Utilization of California Oaks, Claremont, California, 26-29 June 1979. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-44.
    • Plumb, T.R. 1980. Response of oaks to fire. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology, Management, and Utilization of California Oaks, Claremont, California, 26-29 June 1979. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-44.
  • 36
    • 0007405518 scopus 로고
    • Silvics of North America
    • Torr. Incense cedar, Conifers. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 654. pp
    • Powers, R.F., and Oliver, W.W. 1990. Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Incense cedar. In Silvics of North America. Vol. 1. Conifers. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 654. pp. 173-180.
    • (1990) Libocedrus decurrens , vol.1 , pp. 173-180
    • Powers, R.F.1    Oliver, W.W.2
  • 37
    • 84971062031 scopus 로고
    • Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California
    • Regelbrugge, J.C., and Conard, S.G. 1993. Modeling tree mortality following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 4(4): 139-148.
    • (1993) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 139-148
    • Regelbrugge, J.C.1    Conard, S.G.2
  • 38
    • 0003140657 scopus 로고
    • How to estimate tree mortality resulting from underburning
    • Reinhardt, E.D., and Ryan, K.C. 1988. How to estimate tree mortality resulting from underburning. Fire Manage. Notes, 49: 30-36.
    • (1988) Fire Manage. Notes , vol.49 , pp. 30-36
    • Reinhardt, E.D.1    Ryan, K.C.2
  • 39
    • 0003529556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First order fire effects model: FOFEM 4.0. User's Guide. USDA For. Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-344
    • Reinhardt, E.D., Keane, R.E., and Brown, J.K. 1997. First order fire effects model: FOFEM 4.0. User's Guide. USDA For. Serv., Intermt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-344.
    • (1997)
    • Reinhardt, E.D.1    Keane, R.E.2    Brown, J.K.3
  • 40
    • 34249877065 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a passive flame-height sensor to estimate forest fire intensity. USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest For. Range Exp. Stn., Seattle, Wash. Gen
    • Tech. Rep. PNW-390
    • Ryan, K.C. 1981. Evaluation of a passive flame-height sensor to estimate forest fire intensity. USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest For. Range Exp. Stn., Seattle, Wash. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-390.
    • (1981)
    • Ryan, K.C.1
  • 41
    • 0001609338 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating potential tree mortality from prescribed burning
    • Edited by D.M. Baumgartner. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, Washington, pp
    • Ryan, K.C. 1982. Evaluating potential tree mortality from prescribed burning. In Site preparation and fuels management on steppe terrain. Edited by D.M. Baumgartner. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, Washington, pp. 167-179.
    • (1982) Site preparation and fuels management on steppe terrain , pp. 167-179
    • Ryan, K.C.1
  • 42
    • 84971062334 scopus 로고
    • Basal injury from smoldering fires in mature Pinus ponderosa Laws
    • Ryan, K.C., and Frandsen, W.F. 1991. Basal injury from smoldering fires in mature Pinus ponderosa Laws. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 1(2): 107-118.
    • (1991) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-118
    • Ryan, K.C.1    Frandsen, W.F.2
  • 43
    • 34249874792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ryan, K.C., and Noste, N.V. 1985. Evaluating prescribed fires. In Proceedings - Symposium and workshop on wilderness fire, Missoula, Montana, 15-18 November 1983. J.E. Lotan, B.M. Kilgore, W.C. Fischer, and R.W. Much (Technical coordinators). USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-182.
    • Ryan, K.C., and Noste, N.V. 1985. Evaluating prescribed fires. In Proceedings - Symposium and workshop on wilderness fire, Missoula, Montana, 15-18 November 1983. J.E. Lotan, B.M. Kilgore, W.C. Fischer, and R.W. Much (Technical coordinators). USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-182.
  • 44
    • 0024250679 scopus 로고
    • Predicting postfire mortality of seven western conifers
    • Ryan, K.C., and Reinhardt, E.D. 1988. Predicting postfire mortality of seven western conifers. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 1291-1297.
    • (1988) Can. J. For. Res , vol.18 , pp. 1291-1297
    • Ryan, K.C.1    Reinhardt, E.D.2
  • 45
    • 0024255478 scopus 로고
    • Modeling long-term fire-caused mortality of Douglas-fir
    • Ryan, K.C., Peterson, D.L, and Reinhardt, E.D. 1988. Modeling long-term fire-caused mortality of Douglas-fir. For. Sci. 34(1): 190-199.
    • (1988) For. Sci , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 190-199
    • Ryan, K.C.1    Peterson, D.L.2    Reinhardt, E.D.3
  • 47
    • 0025225208 scopus 로고
    • A signal detection framework to evaluate models of tree mortality following fire damage
    • Saveland, J.M., and Neuenschwander, L.F. 1990. A signal detection framework to evaluate models of tree mortality following fire damage. For. Sci. 36(1): 66-76.
    • (1990) For. Sci , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-76
    • Saveland, J.M.1    Neuenschwander, L.F.2
  • 48
    • 0013113890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NEXUS: A system for assessing crown fire hazard
    • Scott, J.H. 1999. NEXUS: a system for assessing crown fire hazard. Fire Manage. Notes, 59(2): 20-24.
    • (1999) Fire Manage. Notes , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 20-24
    • Scott, J.H.1
  • 49
    • 34249915210 scopus 로고
    • Light burning at Castle Rock
    • Show, S.B. 1915. Light burning at Castle Rock. Proc. Soc. Am. For. 10(1): 426-433.
    • (1915) Proc. Soc. Am. For , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 426-433
    • Show, S.B.1
  • 50
    • 34249883483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPSS Inc. 2005. SPSS® for Windows. Release 14.0 [computer program, SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois
    • SPSS Inc. 2005. SPSS® for Windows. Release 14.0 [computer program]. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois.
  • 51
    • 0032527081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fuels and silvicultural treatments on potential fire behavior in mixed conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, Calif
    • Stephens, S.L. 1998. Effects of fuels and silvicultural treatments on potential fire behavior in mixed conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada, Calif. For. Ecol. Manage. 105: 21-34.
    • (1998) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.105 , pp. 21-34
    • Stephens, S.L.1
  • 52
    • 0348224451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed conifer and upper montane forest structure and uses in 1899 from the central and northern Sierra Nevada, Calif
    • Stephens, S.L. 2000. Mixed conifer and upper montane forest structure and uses in 1899 from the central and northern Sierra Nevada, Calif. Madrono, 47: 43-52.
    • (2000) Madrono , vol.47 , pp. 43-52
    • Stephens, S.L.1
  • 53
    • 0035603298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history differences in adjacent Jeffrey pine and upper montane forests in the eastern Sierra Nevada
    • Stephens, S.L. 2001. Fire history differences in adjacent Jeffrey pine and upper montane forests in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 10: 161-167.
    • (2001) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.10 , pp. 161-167
    • Stephens, S.L.1
  • 54
    • 1442340183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes of mixed conifer forests in the north-central Sierra Nevada at multiple spatial scales
    • Stephens, S.L., and Collins, B.C. 2004. Fire regimes of mixed conifer forests in the north-central Sierra Nevada at multiple spatial scales. Northwest Sci. 78: 12-23.
    • (2004) Northwest Sci , vol.78 , pp. 12-23
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Collins, B.C.2
  • 55
    • 0037096922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire mortality of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer tree species: Effects of crown damage and forest floor combustion
    • Stephens, S.L., and Finney, M.A. 2002. Prescribed fire mortality of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer tree species: effects of crown damage and forest floor combustion. For. Ecol. Manage. 162: 261-271.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.162 , pp. 261-271
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Finney, M.A.2
  • 56
    • 21444432722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel treatment effects on snags and coarse woody debris in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest
    • Stephens, S.L., and Moghaddas, J.J. 2005a. Fuel treatment effects on snags and coarse woody debris in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 214(1): 53-64.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.214 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-64
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Moghaddas, J.J.2
  • 57
    • 20444392220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental fuel treatment impacts on forest structure, potential fire behavior, and predicted tree mortality in a California mixed conifer forest
    • Stephens, S.L., and Moghaddas, J.J. 2005b. Experimental fuel treatment impacts on forest structure, potential fire behavior, and predicted tree mortality in a California mixed conifer forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 215: 21-36.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.215 , pp. 21-36
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Moghaddas, J.J.2
  • 58
    • 15944407217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal forest-fire policy in the United States
    • Stephens, S.L., and Ruth, L.W. 2005. Federal forest-fire policy in the United States. Ecol. Appl. 15(2): 532-542.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 532-542
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Ruth, L.W.2
  • 59
    • 0026007285 scopus 로고
    • Prescribed-fire effects on fine-root and tree mortality in old-growth ponderosa pine
    • Swezy, M.D., and Agee, J.K. 1991. Prescribed-fire effects on fine-root and tree mortality in old-growth ponderosa pine. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 626-634.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res , vol.21 , pp. 626-634
    • Swezy, M.D.1    Agee, J.K.2
  • 60
    • 34249888935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Congress. 2003. Healthy Forest restoration act. 1904 [online]. United States Congress, Washington, D.C. Available from http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills& docid=f:h1904ih.txt.pdf [cited 15 October 2005].
    • United States Congress. 2003. Healthy Forest restoration act. 1904 [online]. United States Congress, Washington, D.C. Available from http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills& docid=f:h1904ih.txt.pdf [cited 15 October 2005].
  • 62
    • 0038345952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: Testing some model assumptions
    • van Mantgem, P.J., and Schwartz, M. 2003. Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: testing some model assumptions. For. Ecol. Manage. 178: 341-352.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.178 , pp. 341-352
    • van Mantgem, P.J.1    Schwartz, M.2
  • 63
    • 0034908557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: Coming to terms with pseudoreplication
    • van Mantgem, P.J., Schwartz, M., and Keifer, M. 2001. Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: coming to terms with pseudoreplication. Nat. Areas J. 21(3): 266-273.
    • (2001) Nat. Areas J , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 266-273
    • van Mantgem, P.J.1    Schwartz, M.2    Keifer, M.3
  • 65
    • 0002379762 scopus 로고
    • The line intercept method in forest fuel sampling
    • van Wagner, C.E. 1968. The line intercept method in forest fuel sampling. For. Sci. 14: 20-26.
    • (1968) For. Sci , vol.14 , pp. 20-26
    • van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 66
    • 0000155438 scopus 로고
    • Height of crown scorch in forest fires
    • van Wagner, C.E. 1973. Height of crown scorch in forest fires. Can. J. For. Res. 3: 373-378.
    • (1973) Can. J. For. Res , vol.3 , pp. 373-378
    • van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 67
    • 0005999023 scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire effects on forest understory mortality
    • Fort Collins, Colorado, 25-28 April, American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts. pp
    • van Wagtendonk, J.W. 1983. Prescribed fire effects on forest understory mortality. In Proceedings of the 7th Conference of Fire and Forest Meteorology, Fort Collins, Colorado, 25-28 April 1983. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts. pp. 136-138.
    • (1983) Proceedings of the 7th Conference of Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 136-138
    • van Wagtendonk, J.W.1
  • 68
    • 0030490176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical properties of woody fuel particles of Sierra Nevada conifers
    • van Wagtendonk, J.W., Benedict, J.M., and Sydoriak, W.M. 1996. Physical properties of woody fuel particles of Sierra Nevada conifers. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 6: 117-123.
    • (1996) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.6 , pp. 117-123
    • van Wagtendonk, J.W.1    Benedict, J.M.2    Sydoriak, W.M.3
  • 70
    • 0004246698 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Whelan, R.J. 1995. The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1995) The ecology of fire
    • Whelan, R.J.1
  • 71
    • 0022834651 scopus 로고
    • Fire induced tree mortality in a Colorado ponderosa pine / Douglas-fir stand
    • Wyant, J.G., Omi, P.N., and Laven, R.D. 1986. Fire induced tree mortality in a Colorado ponderosa pine / Douglas-fir stand. For. Sci. 32(1): 49-59.
    • (1986) For. Sci , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-59
    • Wyant, J.G.1    Omi, P.N.2    Laven, R.D.3
  • 72
    • 34249875310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yuancai, L., and Parresol, B.R. 2001. Remarks on height-diameter modeling. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SRS-IO.
    • Yuancai, L., and Parresol, B.R. 2001. Remarks on height-diameter modeling. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SRS-IO.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.