The Vulnerability and sexual abuse of people with learning disabilities

British Journal of Learning Disabilities

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 131-137

  Peckham, Nicholas Guy ^a  

^a TYNE AND WEAR NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Learning disabilities; Sexual abuse

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249782017     PISSN: 13544187     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2006.00428.x     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Ainscough C. & Toon K. (1993) Breaking free: Help for survivors of child sexual abuse. London, Sheldon Press.
2. Allington C.L.J. (1992) Sexual abuse within services for people with learning disabilities: Staffs perceptions, understandings of and contact with the problems of sexual abuse. Mental Handicap, 20: 59-63.
3. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - fourth edition - text revision. Washington, DC, APA.
4. Anderson C. (1982) Teaching people with mental retardation about sexual abuse prevention. Santa Cruz, CA, Network Publications.
5. Archer J. (2004) The trouble with 'doing boy'. The Psychologist, 17: 132-6.
6. Bagley C. (1991) The prevalence and mental health sequels of child sexual abuse in a community sample of women aged 18 to 27. Can J Commun Ment Health, 10: 103-16.
7. Barber M., Jenkins R. & Jones C. (2000) A survivors group for women who have a learning disability. Br J Dev Disabil, 46: 31-41.
8. Beail N. & Warden S. (1995) Sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res, 39: 382-7.
9. Bicknell J. (1983) The psychopathology of handicap. Br J Med, 56: 167-78.
10. Blake-White J. & Kline C.M. (1985) Treating the dissociative process in adult victims of childhood incest. Social Casework, 66: 394-402.
11. Borthwick-Duffy S.A. (1994) Epidemiology and prevalence of psychopathology in people with mental retardation. J Consult Clin Psychol, 62: 17-27.
12. Briere J. & Runtz M. (1987) Post sexual abuse trauma: Data and implications for clinical practice. J Interpers Violence, 2: 367-79.
13. Brown H. & Craft A. (1989) Thinking the unthinkable: Papers on sexual abuse and people with learning disabilities. London, FPA Education Unit.
14. Brown H. & Turk V. (1992) Defining sexual abuse as it affects adults with learning disabilities. Mental Handicap, 20: 44-55.
15. Brown H. & Turk V. (1994) Sexual abuse in adulthood: Ongoing risks for people with learning disabilities. Child Abuse Review, 3: 26-35.
16. Brown H., Stein J. & Turk V. (1995) The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities: Report of a second two-year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research, 8: 3-23.
17. Browne A. & Finkelhor D. (1986) Initial and long-term effects: A review of research. In Finkelhor D., editor. A sourcebook of child sexual abuse. London, Sage.
18. Buchanan A. & Wilkins R. (1991) Sexual abuse of the mentally handicapped: Difficulties in establishing prevalence. Psychiatric Bulletin, 15: 601-5.
19. Carver C., Stalker C., Stewart E. & Abraham B. (1989) The impact of group therapy for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34: 753-8.
20. Chaplin J. (1997) Breaking free. Therapy Weekly, 28 August 1997, p. 6.
21. Chaplin J. & Johnson D. (2000) When the past cries out, listen. Therapy Weekly, 1 June 2000, p. 12.
22. Clare I.C.H. & Murphy G.H. (1998) Working with offenders or alleged offenders with intellectual disabilities. In: Emerson E., Hatton C., Bromley J., Caine A., editors. Clinical psychology and people with intellectual disabilities. Chichester, Wiley.
23. Corbett A., Cottis T. & Morris S. (1996) Witnessing, nurturing, protesting: Therapeutic responses to sexual abuse of people with learning disabilities. London, David Fulton Publishers.
24. Cruz V.K., Price-Williams D. & Andron L. (1988) Developmentally disabled women who were molested as children. Social Casework, 69: 411-9.
25. Deighton J. & McPeek P. (1985) Group treatment: Adult victims of childhood sexual abuse. Social Casework: The J Contemp Soc Work, 66: 403-10.
26. Dunne T.P. & Power A. (1990) Sexual abuse and mental handicap: Preliminary findings of a community based study. Mental Handicap Research, 3: 111-25.
27. Emerson E., Hatton C., Bromley J. & Caine A. (eds) (1998) Clinical psychology and people with intellectual disabilities. Chichester, Wiley.
28. Etherington K. (1995) Adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. London, Pitman Publishing.
29. Fenwick A. (1994) Sexual abuse in adults with learning disabilities. Part 1: A review of the literature. Br J Learn Disabil, 22: 53-56.
30. Finkelhor D. (1984) Child sexual abuse. New theory and research. New York, Free Press.
31. Finkelhor D. (1994) The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18: 409-18.
32. Finkelhor D. & Baron L. (1986) High-risk children. In Finkelhor D., editor. A sourcebook of child sexual abuse. London, Sage.
33. Frankish P. & Terry S. (2003) Modern therapeutic approaches in learning disability services. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 8: 3-10.
34. Freud S. (1979) Civilisation and its discontents. London, Hogarth.
35. Glasser M., Kolvin I., Campbell D. & Glasser A. (2001) Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator. Br J Psychiatry, 179: 482-94.
36. Gray J.M., Frazer W.I. & Leudar I. (1983) Recognition of emotions from facial expression in mental handicap. Br J Psychiatry, 142: 566-71.
37. Green G. (2001) Vulnerability of witnesses with learning disabilities: preparing to give evidence against a perpetrator of sexual abuse. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29: 103-9.
38. Hard S. & Plumb W. (1987) Sexual abuse of persons with developmental disabilities. In: Turk V., Brown H., editors. The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities: Results of a two-year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research, 6: 193-216.
39. Heney J. & Kristiansen C.M. (1998) An analysis of the impact of prison on women survivors of childhood sexual abuse. In: Harden J., Hill M., editors. Breaking the rules: Women in prison and feminist therapy. New York, Haworth Press.
40. Herman J.L. & Hirschman L. (1981) Families at risk for father daughter incest. Am J Psychiatry, 138: 967-70.
41. Hogg J., Campbell M., Cullen C. & Hudson W. (2001) Evaluation of the effect of an open learning course on staff knowledge and attitudes towards the sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities. Br Inst Learn Disabil, 14: 12-29.
42. Jacobson A. & Richardson B. (1987) Assault experiences of 100 psychiatric inpatients: Evidence of the need for routine enquiry. Am J Psychiatry, 144: 908-13.
43. Jehu D. (1988) Beyond sexual abuse: Therapy for women who were victims in childhood. Chichester, Wiley.
44. Kebbell M.R., Hatton C., Johnson S.D. & O'Kelly C.M. (2001) People with learning disabilities as witnesses in court: What questions should lawyers ask? Br J Learn Disabil, 29: 98-102.
45. Kuyken W. (1995) The psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: A review of the literature and implications for treatment. Clin Psychol Psychother, 2: 108-21.
46. Lindsay W.R., Howells L. & Pitcaithly D. (1993) Cognitive therapy for depression with individuals with intellectual disabilities. Br J Med Psychol, 66: 135-41.
47. Lindsay W., Neilson C., Morrison F. & Smith A. (1998) The treatment of six men with learning disabilities convicted of sex offences. Br J Clin Psychol, 37: 83-98.
48. Lindsay W.R., Law J. & Quinn K. (2001) A comparison of physical and sexual abuse: Histories of sexual and non-sexual offenders with intellectual disability. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25: 989-95.
49. Mansell S., Sobsey D. & Moskal R. (1998) Clinical findings among sexually abused children with and without developmental disabilities. Ment Retard, 36: 12-22.
50. Matich-Maroney J. (2003) Mental health implications for sexually abused adults with mental retardation: Some clinical research findings. MH/DD, 6: 11-20.
51. McCarthy M. (2001) Sexuality and woman with learning disabilities. London, Jessica Kingsley.
52. Morgan T. & Cummings A.L. (1999) Change experienced during group therapy by female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol, 67: 28-36.
53. Moss S. (1995) Methodological issues in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in adults with learning disability. Thornfield Journal (University of Dublin), 18: 9-18.
54. Novaco R.W. & Taylor J.L. (2004) Assessment of anger and aggression in male offenders with developmental disabilities. Psychol Assess, 16: 42-50.
55. O'Callaghan A.C. & Murphy G. (2003) The impact of abuse of men and women with severe learning disabilities and their families. Br J Learn Disabil, 31: 175-80.
56. O'Hara J. & Sperlinger A. (eds) (1997) Adults with learning disabilities: A practical approach for health professionals. Chichester, Wiley.
57. Peckham N.G. (2005) Developing, delivering and evaluating a survivors group pilot in Northumberland for women with significant learning disabilities who have been sexually abused. Unpublished DClinPsych Thesis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne.
58. Peckham N.G., Corbett A., Howlett S. (2007) Evaluating a survivors group pilot for women with significant intellectual diabilities who have been sexually abused. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, (in press).
59. Peckham N.G., Corbett A., Howlett S., McKee A. & Pattison S. (2007) The delivery of a survivors' group for learning disabled women who have been sexually abused. Br J Learn Disabil, doi:.
60. Perkins R.E. & Repper J.M. (1996) Working alongside people with long-term mental health problems. Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes Ltd.
61. Rape Crisis Federation (2004) http://www.cambridgerapecrisis.org.uk.
62. Rodriguez N., Ryan S.W., Rowan A.B. & Foy D.W. (1996) Posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20: 943-52.
63. Roesler T.A. & Lillie B.K. (1995) Slaying the dragon: The use of male/female co-therapists for adult survivors group therapy. J Child Sexual Abus, 4: 1-17.
64. Rose J., Jenkins R., O'Connor C., Jones C. & Felce D. (2002) A group treatment for men with intellectual disabilities who sexually offend or abuse. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 15: 138-50.
65. Rozee P.D. (1993) Forbidden or forgiven: Rape in cross-cultural perspective. Psychol Women Q, 17: 499-514.
66. Salter A.C. (1995) Transforming trauma: A guide to understanding and treating adult survivors of child sexual abuse. London, Sage.
67. Sequeira H. & Hollins S. (2003) Clinical effects of sexual abuse on people with learning disability. Br J Psychiatry, 182: 13-19.
68. Sequeira H., Howlin P. & Hollins S. (2003) Psychological disturbance associated with sexual abuse in people with learning disabilities: Case control study. Br J Psychiatry, 183: 451-6.
69. Sharpe J., Selley C., Low L. & Hall Z. (2001) Group analytic therapy for male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Group Analysis. 34: 195-209.
70. Short C. (1996) To report or not to report: Confidentiality issues regarding sexual abuse concerning victims and perpetrators with learning disability. Br J Dev Disabil, 42: 185-91.
71. Sinason V. (1992) Mental handicap and the human condition: New approaches from the Tavistock. London, Free Association.
72. Sobsey D. & Doe T. (1991) Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Journal of Sexuality and Disability, 9: 243-59.
73. Sobsey D. & Mansell S. (1994) Sexual abuse patterns of children with disabilities. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 2: 96-100.
74. Sobsey D., Gray S., Wells D., Pyper D. & Reimer-Heck B. (1991) Disability, sexuality and abuse: An annotated bibliography. Baltimore, Paul H. Brookes.
75. Struve J. (1990) Dancing with patriarchy: The politics of sexual abuse. In: Hunter M., editor. The sexually abused male. Maryland, Lexington Books.
76. Tharinger D., Horton C.B. & Millea S. (1990) Sexual abuse and exploitation of children and adults with mental retardation and other handicaps. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14: 301-12.
77. Turk V. & Brown H. (1993) The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities: Results of a two-year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research, 6: 193-215.
78. Westbury E. & Tutty L.M. (1999) The efficacy of group treatment for survivors of childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23: 31-44.
79. Wilcox D.T. (2004) Treatment of intellectually disabled individuals who have committed sexual offences: A review of the literature. J Sex Aggression, 10: 85-100.
80. Wilcox D.T., Richards F. & O'Keeffe Z.C. (2004) Resilience and risk factors associated with experiencing childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 13: 338-52.
81. Wolf S.C. (1985) A multi-factor model of deviant sexuality. Victimology, 10: 359-74.