C-reactive protein, stroke, and statins

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 161-165

  Angerio, Allan D ^a   Bialko, Matthew F ^a   White, Bradley M ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; C reactive protein (CRP); Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Low density lipoproteins (LDL); Stains; Stroke

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INTERLEUKIN 6; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MEVINOLIN; PLACEBO; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE COURSE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STROKE; BLOOD; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MONITORING; INCIDENCE; INTENSIVE CARE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CRITICAL CARE; DRUG MONITORING; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34249709612     PISSN: 08879303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CNQ.0000264259.82875.c0     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Elgharib N, Chi DS, Younis W, et al. C-reactive protein as a novel biomarker. Postgrad Med. 2003;114(6):39-44.
2. Woodward M, Lowe G, Campbell D, et al. Associations of inflammatory and hemostatic variables with the risk of recurrent stroke. Stroke. 2005;26:2143-2147.
3. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-126.
4. Schwert D, Barry CP. Cellular communication through signal transduction: the background. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1994;8(3):1-27.
5. Movat HZ, Cybulsky MI, Colditz IG, et al. Acute inflammation in gram-negative infection: endotoxin, interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and neutrophils. Fed Proc. 1987;46:97-104.
6. Teplitz L, Siwik D. Cellular signals in atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1994;8(3):28-52.
7. Emsley HCA, Tyrell PJ. Inflammation and infection in clinical stroke. J Cereb Flow Metab. 2002;22:1399-1419.
8. Tillett WS, Francis T Jr. Serological reactions in pneumonia with non-protein somatic fraction of pneumococcus. J Exp Med. 1930;52:561-571.
9. Kushner I. Regulation of the acute phase response by cytokines. Perspect Biol Med. 1993;36:611-622.
10. Harris TB, Ferrucci L, Tracy RP. Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly. Am J Med. 1999;106:506-512.
11. Pasceri V, Wilkerson JT, Yeh ETH. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2000;102:2165-2168.
12. Han KH, Hong K-H, Park J-H, et al. C-reactive protein promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated chemotaxis through upregulating CC chemokine receptor 2 expression in human monocytes. Circulation. 2004;109:2566-2571.
13. Taskinen S, Kovanen PT, Jarva H, et al. Binding of C-reactive protein to modified low-density-lipoprotein particles: identification of cholesterol as a novel ligand for C-reactive protein. Biochem J. 2002;367:403-412.
14. Fu T, Borensztajn J. Macrophage uptake of low-density lipoprotein bound to aggregated C-reactive protein: possible mechanism of foam-cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions. Biochem J. 2002;366:195-201.
15. Zwaka TP, Hombach V, Torzewski J. C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages. Implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2001;103:1194-1197.
16. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1805-1812.
17. Ciubotaru I, Potempa LA, Wandu RC. Production of modified C-reactive protein in U937-derived macrophages. Exp Biol Med. 2005;230:762-770.
18. Singh U, Devaraj S, Jialal I. C-reactive protein decreases tissue plasminogen activity in human aortic endothelial cells: evidence that C-reactive protein is a procoagulant. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;10:2216-2221.
19. Wolf PA, Kannel W, D'Agostino RB. Epidemiology of stroke. In: Ginsberg MD, Bogousslavsky J, eds. Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Vol 2. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Scientific; 1998:834-849.
20. Rost NS, Wolf PA, Kase CS, et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2001;32:2575-2579.
21. DiNapoli M, Papa F, Bocola V. Prognostic influence of increased C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2001;32:133-138.
22. Johnston SC, Zhang H, Messina LM, et al. Chlamydiae pneumoniae burden in carotid arteries is associated with upregulation of plaque interleukin-6 and elevated C-reactive protein in serum. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2648-2653.
23. Zhu J, Quyyumi AA, Norman JE, et al. Cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: the role of inflammation as reflected by elevated C-reactive protein levels. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1738-1743.
24. Upadya A, Thorevska N, Sena KN, et al. Predictors and consequences of pneumonia in critically ill patients with stroke. J Crit Care. 2004;19:16-22.
25. Hilker R, Poetter C, Findeisen N, et al. Nosocomial pneumoniae after acute stroke: implications for neurological intensive care medicine. Stroke. 2003;34:975-981.
26. Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:1135-1143.
27. Hirschfield GM, Pepys MB. C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: new insights from an old molecule. Q J Med. 2003;96:793-807.
28. DiNapoli M, Papa F. Association between blood pressure and C-reactive protein levels in acute ischemic stroke. Hypertension. 2003;42:1117-1123.
29. King DE, Egan BM, Mainous AG III, et al. Elevation of C-reactive protein in people with prehypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2004;10:562-568.
30. Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Rexrode KM, et al. Prospective study of body mass index and risk of stroke in apparently healthy women. Circulation. 2005;111:1992-1998.
31. Khaodhiar L, Ling PR, Blackburn GL, et al. Serum levels of interleuken-6 and C-reactive protein correlate with body mass index across the broad range of obesity. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28:410-415.
32. Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Signaling role of adipose tissue: adipokines and inflammation in obesity. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005;33:1078-1081.
33. Schindler TH, Cardenas J, Prior JO, et al. Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:118-1195.
34. Iwaski T, Nakajima A, Yoneda M, et al. Relationship between the serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and parameters of adiposity and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J. 2006;53:345-356.
35. Schulze MB, Rimm EB, Li T, et al. C-reactive protein and incident cardiovascular events among men with diabetes. Diab Care. 2004;27:889-894.
36. Willerson JT, Ridker PM. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation. 2004;109(21, suppl 1):II2-II10.
37. Patrick L, Uzick M. Cardiovascular disease: C-reactive protein and the inflammatory disease paradigm: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, alpha-tocopherol, red yeast rice, and olive oil polyphenols. A review of the literature. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):248-271.
38. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, et al. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1959-1965.
39. Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, et al. Relation of markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, vonWillebrand factor, and leukocyte count) and statin therapy to long-term mortality in patients with angiograhically proven coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:907-908.
40. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallée P, et al. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis. Systemic review and up-to-date meta analysis. Stroke. 2004;35:2902-2909.