Dynamic, embodied, limited-capacity attention and memory: Modeling cognitive processing of mediated stimuli

Media Psychology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 211-239

  Bradley, Samuel D ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249701698     PISSN: 15213269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15213260709336810     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Ballard, D. H. (2002). Our perception of the world has to be an illusion. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 9, 54-71.
2. Bergen, L., Grimes, T., & Potter, D. (2005). How attention partitions itself during simultaneous message presentations. Human Communication Research, 31, 311-336.
3. Bolls, P. D., Lang, A., & Potter, R. F. (2001). The effects of message valence and listener arousal on attention, memory, and facial muscular responses to radio advertisements. Communication Research, 28, 627-651.
4. Bradley, M. M. (2000). Emotion and motivation. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd. ed., pp. 602-642). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
5. Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation: I. Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276-298.
6. Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Sabatinelli, D., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation: II. Sex differences in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 300-319.
7. Bradley, M. M., Sabatinelli, D., Lang, P. J., Fitzsimmons, J. R., King, W., & Desai, P. (2003). Activation of the visual cortex in motivated attention. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 369-380.
8. Bradley, S. D. (2004). Visual expectancy and orienting behavior in an artificial neural network [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 41(Suppl. 1), S62.
9. Bradley, S. D. (2006). Exploring the validity and reliability of the acoustic startle probe as a measure of attention and motivation to television programming. Dissertation Abstracts International, 66(08), 4527B.
10. Bradley, S.D., Angelini, J. R., Lee, S., & Lang, A. (2004). Dynamic prepulse: Proximity to scene changes alters startle magnitude in emotional TV content [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 41(Suppl. 1), S62.
11. Bradley, S. D., Angelini, J. R., Wang, Z., & Lang, A. (2003, August). Processing AIDS/HIV prevention messages: Arousing content, production pacing, and sexual experience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas City, MO.
12. Brooks, R. A. (2000). Intelligence without representation. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: II. Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (3rd. ed., pp. 395-420). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. Brosius, H. (1993). The effects of emotional pictures in television news. Communication Research, 20, 105-124.
14. Bucy, E. P., & Bradley, S. D. (2004). Presidential expression and viewer emotion: Counterempathic responses to televised leader displays. Social Science Information, 43, 59-94.
15. Bushman, B. J., & Bonacci, A. M. (2002). Violence and sex impair memory for television ads. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 557-564.
16. Cacioppo, J. T., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 191-214.
17. Clark, A. ( 1997). Being there: Putting brain, body, and world together again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18. Desimore, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222.
19. Edelman, G M., & Tononi, G (2000). A universe of consciousness: How matter becomes imagination. New York: Basic Books.
20. Elman, J. L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211.
21. Everett, M. W., & Palmgreen, P. (1995). Influences of sensation seeking, message sensation value and program context on effectiveness of anticocaine public service announcements. Health Communication, 7, 225-348.
22. Grabe, M. E., Lang, A., & Zhao, X. (2003). News content and form: Implications for memory and audience evaluations. Communication Research, 30, 387-413.
23. Grabe, M. E., Lang, A., Zhou, S. H., & Bolls, P. D. (2000). Cognitive access to negatively arousing news - An experimental investigation of the knowledge gap. Communication Research, 27, 3-26.
24. Grabe, M. E., Zhou, S. H., Lang, A., & Bolls, P. D. (2000). Packaging television news: The effects of tabloid on information processing and evaluative responses. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 581-598.
25. Grimes, T. (1991). Mild auditory-visual dissonance in television news may exceed viewer attentional capacity. Human Communication Research, 18, 268-298.
26. Jansen, D. M., & Frijda, N. (1994). Modulation of acoustic startle response by film-induced fear and sexual arousal. Psychophysiology, 31, 565-571.
27. Johnston, V. S. (1999). Why we feel: The science of human emotions. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
28. Jordan, M. (1986). Serial order: A parallel distributed processing approach (ICS Report No. 8604, Institute for Cognitive Science). La Jolla: University of California at San Diego.
29. Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. New York: Prentice Hall.
30. Kaviani, H., Gray, J. A., Checkley, S.A., Kumari, V., & Wilson, G D. ( 1999). Modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by emotionally toned film clips. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 32, 47-54.
31. Koukounas, E., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). Emotional responses to filmed violence and the eye blink startle response: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 476-488.
32. Kruschke, J. K. (2001 ). The inverse base-rate effect is not explained by eliminative inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 1385-1400.
33. Lang, A. (1990). Involuntary attention and physiological arousal evoked by structural features and emotional content in TV commercials. Communication Research, 17, 275-299.
34. Lang, A. (1991). Emotion, formal features, and memory for televised political advertisements. In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising (Vol. 1, pp. 221-243). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
35. Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50, 46-70.
36. Lang, A., Bolls, P., Potter, R. F., & Kawahara, K. (1'999). The effects of production pacing and arousing content on the information processing of television messages. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43, 451-475.
37. Lang, A., Bradley, S. D., Park, B., Shin, M., & Chung, Y. (2006). Parsing the resource pie: Using STRTs to measure attention to mediated messages. Media Psychology, 8, 369-394.
38. Lang, A., Dhillon, K., & Dong, Q. W. (1995). The effects of emotional arousal and valence on television viewers' cognitive capacity and memory. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 39, 313-327.
39. Lang, A., Geiger, S., Strickwerda, M., & Sumner, J. (1993). The effects of related and unrelated cuts on viewers' attention, capacity, and memory: A limited capacity theory of television viewing. Communication Research, 20, 4-29.
40. Lang, A., Newhagen, J., & Reeves, B. (1996). Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40, 460-477.
41. Lang, A., Potter, R. F., & Bolls, P. D. (1999). Something for nothing: Is visual encoding automatic? Media Psychology, 1, 145-163.
42. Lang, A., Schwartz, N., Chung, Y., & Lee, S. (2004). Processing substance abuse messages: Production pacing, arousing content, and age. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 61-88.
43. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-395.
44. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
45. Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46. Newhagen, J., & Reeves, B. (1992). This evening's bad news: Effects of compelling negative television news images on memory. Journal of Communication, 42, 25-41.
47. Osgood, C., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
48. Pashler, H. A. (1999). The psychology of attention (1st paperback ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
49. Pavlov, I. (1927). Conditioned reflexes; An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. London: Oxford University Press.
50. Potter, R. F., Choi, J., Yu, H.-s., Kim, J., & Carpentier, F. (2002). Increased memory for structurally complex radio messages: Could arousal be the mechanism? [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 41 (Suppl. 1), S67.
51. Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Center for the Study of Language and Information.
52. Reeves, B., Thorson, E., Rothschild, M., McDonald, D., Hirsch, J., & Goldstein, R. (1985). Attention to television: Intra-stimulus effects of movement and scene changes on alpha variation over time. International Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 241-255.
53. Rumelhart, D. E. (2000). The architecture of mind: A connectionist approach. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: II. Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (2nd. ed., pp. 205-232). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
54. Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G E., & Williams, R. J. (1986). Learning internal representations by error propagation. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the micwstructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 318-362). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
55. Shapiro, M. A. (1994). Signal detection measures of recognition memory. In A. Lang (Ed.), Measuring psychological responses to media (pp. 133-148). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
56. Shiffrin, R. M. (2003). Modeling memory and perception. Cognitive Science, 27, 341-378.
57. Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 48, 813-838.
58. Thorson, E., & Friestad, M. (1989). The effects of emotion on episodic memory for television commercials. In P. Cafferata & A. Tybout (Eds.), Cognitive and affective responses to advertising (pp. 305-325). Lexington, MA: D. C. Health.
59. Thorson, E., & Lang, A. (1992). Effects of television video graphics and lecture familiarity on adult cardiac orienting responses and memory. Communication Research, 19, 346-369.
60. Zillmann, D. (1982). Television viewing and arousal. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (pp. 53-65). Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
61. Zillmann, D. (1991). Television viewing and physiological arousal. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes. Communication (pp. 103-133). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
62. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1974). Effect of residual excitation on the emotional response to provocation and delayed aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 30, 782-791.
63. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1983). Uses and effects of humor in educational ventures. In P. E. McGhee & J. H. Goldstein (Eds.), Handbook of humor research: Vol. 2. Applied studies (pp. 173-193). New York: Springer-Verlag.