메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 147, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 1038-1046

Effects of β-carotene on adult immune condition and antibacterial activity in the eggs of the Grey Partridge, Perdix perdix

Author keywords

Adult health; Egg quality; Immunity; Lysozyme; Maternal effects; Perdix; carotene

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; BETA CAROTENE; CAROTENOID; LIPID; LYSOZYME; PROTEIN;

EID: 34249658424     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: 15314332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 1842866270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykyss Walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products
    • Amar E.C., Kiron V., Satoh S., and Watanabe T. Enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykyss Walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 16 (2004) 527-537
    • (2004) Fish Shellfish Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 527-537
    • Amar, E.C.1    Kiron, V.2    Satoh, S.3    Watanabe, T.4
  • 2
    • 0032856883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraclutch egg-size variation in the Eurasian kestrel: advantages and disadvantages of hatching from large eggs
    • Aparicio J.M. Intraclutch egg-size variation in the Eurasian kestrel: advantages and disadvantages of hatching from large eggs. Auk 116 (1999) 825-830
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 825-830
    • Aparicio, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 33746136469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The particular maternal effect of propagule size, especially egg size: patterns, models, quality of evidence and interpretations
    • Bernardo J. The particular maternal effect of propagule size, especially egg size: patterns, models, quality of evidence and interpretations. Am. Zool. 36 (1996) 216-236
    • (1996) Am. Zool. , vol.36 , pp. 216-236
    • Bernardo, J.1
  • 6
    • 53149099347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids and egg quality in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus: a supplemental feeding study of maternal effects
    • Blount J.D., Surai P.F., Nager R.G., Houston D.C., Møller A.P., Trewby M.L., and Kennedy M.W. Carotenoids and egg quality in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus: a supplemental feeding study of maternal effects. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 269 (2001) 29-36
    • (2001) Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B , vol.269 , pp. 29-36
    • Blount, J.D.1    Surai, P.F.2    Nager, R.G.3    Houston, D.C.4    Møller, A.P.5    Trewby, M.L.6    Kennedy, M.W.7
  • 7
    • 0036347699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of yolk enrichment with dietary carotenoids in gulls: the roles of pigment acquisition and utilization
    • Blount J.D., Surai P.F., Nager R.G., Houston D.C., Møller A.P., Trewby R.G., and Kennedy M.W. Patterns of yolk enrichment with dietary carotenoids in gulls: the roles of pigment acquisition and utilization. Funct. Ecol. 16 (2002) 445-453
    • (2002) Funct. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 445-453
    • Blount, J.D.1    Surai, P.F.2    Nager, R.G.3    Houston, D.C.4    Møller, A.P.5    Trewby, R.G.6    Kennedy, M.W.7
  • 8
    • 0442323220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egg-laying capacity is limited by carotenoid pigment availability in wild gulls Larus fuscus
    • Blount J.D., Houston D.C., Surai P.F., and Møller A.P. Egg-laying capacity is limited by carotenoid pigment availability in wild gulls Larus fuscus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Suppl. 271 (2004) 79-81
    • (2004) Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Suppl. , vol.271 , pp. 79-81
    • Blount, J.D.1    Houston, D.C.2    Surai, P.F.3    Møller, A.P.4
  • 9
    • 0042193160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in eggs and plasma of red-legged partridges: effects of diet and reproductive output
    • Bortolotti G.R., Negro J.J., Surai P.F., and Prieto P. Carotenoids in eggs and plasma of red-legged partridges: effects of diet and reproductive output. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76 (2003) 367-374
    • (2003) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.76 , pp. 367-374
    • Bortolotti, G.R.1    Negro, J.J.2    Surai, P.F.3    Prieto, P.4
  • 11
    • 0036185016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian egg size: variation within species and inflexibility within individuals
    • Christians J.K. Avian egg size: variation within species and inflexibility within individuals. Biol. Rev. 77 (2002) 1-26
    • (2002) Biol. Rev. , vol.77 , pp. 1-26
    • Christians, J.K.1
  • 12
    • 33747173129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of T-cell mediated response on avian oxidative stress
    • Costantini D., and Dell'Omo G. Effects of T-cell mediated response on avian oxidative stress. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 145 (2006) 137-142
    • (2006) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.145 , pp. 137-142
    • Costantini, D.1    Dell'Omo, G.2
  • 13
    • 0036694111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of body mass and immune function in response to food unpredictability in magpies
    • Cucco M., Ottonelli R., Raviola M., and Malacarne G. Variations of body mass and immune function in response to food unpredictability in magpies. Acta Oecol. 23 (2002) 271-276
    • (2002) Acta Oecol. , vol.23 , pp. 271-276
    • Cucco, M.1    Ottonelli, R.2    Raviola, M.3    Malacarne, G.4
  • 14
    • 33749992882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of β-carotene supplementation on chick growth, immune status and behaviour in the grey partridge, Perdix perdix
    • Cucco M., Guasco B., Malacarne G., and Ottonelli R. Effects of β-carotene supplementation on chick growth, immune status and behaviour in the grey partridge, Perdix perdix. Behav. Processes 73 (2006) 325-332
    • (2006) Behav. Processes , vol.73 , pp. 325-332
    • Cucco, M.1    Guasco, B.2    Malacarne, G.3    Ottonelli, R.4
  • 15
    • 33645994853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of cell-mediated and innate immunity, and other fitness-related traits, in the Grey Partridge
    • Cucco M., Malacarne G., Ottonelli R., and Patrone M. Repeatability of cell-mediated and innate immunity, and other fitness-related traits, in the Grey Partridge. Can. J. Zool. 84 (2006) 72-79
    • (2006) Can. J. Zool. , vol.84 , pp. 72-79
    • Cucco, M.1    Malacarne, G.2    Ottonelli, R.3    Patrone, M.4
  • 16
    • 0036697487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a carotenoid-rich diet on immunocompetence and behavioural performances in the Moorhen chicks
    • Fenoglio S., Cucco M., and Malacarne G. The effect of a carotenoid-rich diet on immunocompetence and behavioural performances in the Moorhen chicks. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 14 (2002) 149-156
    • (2002) Ethol. Ecol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 149-156
    • Fenoglio, S.1    Cucco, M.2    Malacarne, G.3
  • 17
    • 0344083578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moorhen females lay eggs of different size and β-carotene content
    • Fenoglio S., Cucco M., and Malacarne G. Moorhen females lay eggs of different size and β-carotene content. Ardea 91 (2003) 117-121
    • (2003) Ardea , vol.91 , pp. 117-121
    • Fenoglio, S.1    Cucco, M.2    Malacarne, G.3
  • 18
    • 33847010196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On sex differences in optimal immunity
    • Forbes M.R. On sex differences in optimal immunity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22 (2006) 111-113
    • (2006) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.22 , pp. 111-113
    • Forbes, M.R.1
  • 19
    • 0036081278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of within- and among-clutch variation in levels of maternal hormones in Black-Headed Gull eggs
    • Groothuis T.G., and Schwabl H. Determinants of within- and among-clutch variation in levels of maternal hormones in Black-Headed Gull eggs. Funct. Ecol. 16 (2002) 281-289
    • (2002) Funct. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 281-289
    • Groothuis, T.G.1    Schwabl, H.2
  • 20
    • 0029299223 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal immune response and growth performance of chicks hatched from single comb White Leghorn breeders fed diets supplemented with beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, or lutein
    • Haq A.U., Bailey C.A., and Chinnah A. Neonatal immune response and growth performance of chicks hatched from single comb White Leghorn breeders fed diets supplemented with beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, or lutein. Poultry Sci. 74 (1995) 844-851
    • (1995) Poultry Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 844-851
    • Haq, A.U.1    Bailey, C.A.2    Chinnah, A.3
  • 21
    • 0030227926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of β-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein and vitamin E on neonatal immunity of chicks when supplemented in the broiler breeder diets
    • Haq A.U., Bailey C.A., and Chinnah A. Effect of β-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein and vitamin E on neonatal immunity of chicks when supplemented in the broiler breeder diets. Poultry Sci. 75 (1996) 1092-1097
    • (1996) Poultry Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 1092-1097
    • Haq, A.U.1    Bailey, C.A.2    Chinnah, A.3
  • 23
    • 20444403786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic development within carotenoid-enriched eggs influences the post-hatch carotenoid status of the chicken
    • Karadas F., Pappas A.C., Surai P.F., and Speake B.K. Embryonic development within carotenoid-enriched eggs influences the post-hatch carotenoid status of the chicken. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 141 (2005) 244-251
    • (2005) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.141 , pp. 244-251
    • Karadas, F.1    Pappas, A.C.2    Surai, P.F.3    Speake, B.K.4
  • 24
    • 20344368548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal dietary supplementation with three sources of carotenoids on the retinyl esters of egg yolk and developing quail liver
    • Karadas F., Surai P.F., Sparks N.H.C., and Grammenidis E. Effects of maternal dietary supplementation with three sources of carotenoids on the retinyl esters of egg yolk and developing quail liver. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 140 (2005) 430-435
    • (2005) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.140 , pp. 430-435
    • Karadas, F.1    Surai, P.F.2    Sparks, N.H.C.3    Grammenidis, E.4
  • 25
    • 0030811003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of Wood Duck eggs in relation to egg size, laying sequence, and skipped days of laying
    • Kennamer R.A., Alsum S.K., and Colwell S.V. Composition of Wood Duck eggs in relation to egg size, laying sequence, and skipped days of laying. Auk 114 (1997) 479-487
    • (1997) Auk , vol.114 , pp. 479-487
    • Kennamer, R.A.1    Alsum, S.K.2    Colwell, S.V.3
  • 26
    • 0036823809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egg weights, egg component weights, and laying gaps in Great Tits (Parus major) in relation to ambient temperature
    • Lessells C.M., Dingemanse N.J., and Both C. Egg weights, egg component weights, and laying gaps in Great Tits (Parus major) in relation to ambient temperature. Auk 119 (2002) 1091-1103
    • (2002) Auk , vol.119 , pp. 1091-1103
    • Lessells, C.M.1    Dingemanse, N.J.2    Both, C.3
  • 27
    • 0000727841 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between protein nutritional status and immunocompetence in Northern Bobwhite chicks
    • Lochmiller R., Vetsey M.R., and Boren J.C. Relationship between protein nutritional status and immunocompetence in Northern Bobwhite chicks. Auk 110 (1993) 503-510
    • (1993) Auk , vol.110 , pp. 503-510
    • Lochmiller, R.1    Vetsey, M.R.2    Boren, J.C.3
  • 28
    • 0043278861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test
    • McGraw K.J., and Ardia D.R. Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test. Am. Nat. 162 (2003) 704-712
    • (2003) Am. Nat. , vol.162 , pp. 704-712
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Ardia, D.R.2
  • 29
    • 0842330685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulatory activity of different dietary carotenoids in male zebra finches
    • McGraw K.J., and Ardia D.R. Immunoregulatory activity of different dietary carotenoids in male zebra finches. Chemoecology 14 (2004) 25-29
    • (2004) Chemoecology , vol.14 , pp. 25-29
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Ardia, D.R.2
  • 30
    • 0036161809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary carotenoid access on sexual dichromatism and plumage pigment composition in the American goldfinch
    • McGraw K.J., Hill G.E., Stradi R., and Parker R.S. The effect of dietary carotenoid access on sexual dichromatism and plumage pigment composition in the American goldfinch. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 131 (2002) 261-269
    • (2002) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.131 , pp. 261-269
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Hill, G.E.2    Stradi, R.3    Parker, R.S.4
  • 31
    • 0042709386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein-based plumage coloration in songbirds is a consequence of selective pigments incorporation into feathers
    • McGraw K.J., Beebee M.D., Hill G.E., and Parker R.S. Lutein-based plumage coloration in songbirds is a consequence of selective pigments incorporation into feathers. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 135 (2003) 689-696
    • (2003) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.135 , pp. 689-696
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Beebee, M.D.2    Hill, G.E.3    Parker, R.S.4
  • 32
    • 0029515384 scopus 로고
    • Fat reserves and health state in migrant Goldcrest Regulus regulus
    • Merilä J., and Svensson E. Fat reserves and health state in migrant Goldcrest Regulus regulus. Funct. Ecol. 9 (1995) 842-848
    • (1995) Funct. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 842-848
    • Merilä, J.1    Svensson, E.2
  • 34
    • 8744224384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin to vitamin A in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) juveniles
    • Moren M., Næss T., and Hamre K. Conversion of carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin to vitamin A in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) juveniles. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 27 (2002) 71-80
    • (2002) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.27 , pp. 71-80
    • Moren, M.1    Næss, T.2    Hamre, K.3
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0242406699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-sexual differences in T-cell-mediated immunity of black-headed gull chicks (Larus ridibundus) depend on the hatching order
    • Müller W., Dijkstra C., and Groothuis T.G.G. Inter-sexual differences in T-cell-mediated immunity of black-headed gull chicks (Larus ridibundus) depend on the hatching order. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 55 (2003) 80-86
    • (2003) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.55 , pp. 80-86
    • Müller, W.1    Dijkstra, C.2    Groothuis, T.G.G.3
  • 38
    • 0033949171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-clutch trade-offs between the number and quality of eggs: experimental manipulations in gulls
    • Nager R.G., Monaghan P., and Houston D.C. Within-clutch trade-offs between the number and quality of eggs: experimental manipulations in gulls. Ecology 81 (2000) 1339-1350
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1339-1350
    • Nager, R.G.1    Monaghan, P.2    Houston, D.C.3
  • 39
    • 0035159516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex- and age-related variation in plasma carotenoids despite a constant diet in the red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa
    • Negro J.J., Tella J.L., Hiraldo F., Bortolotti G.R., and Prieto P. Sex- and age-related variation in plasma carotenoids despite a constant diet in the red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa. Ardea 89 (2001) 275-280
    • (2001) Ardea , vol.89 , pp. 275-280
    • Negro, J.J.1    Tella, J.L.2    Hiraldo, F.3    Bortolotti, G.R.4    Prieto, P.5
  • 40
    • 0034913396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat stores in birds: an overlooked sink for carotenoid pigments?
    • Negro J.J., Figuerola J., Garrido J., and Green A.J. Fat stores in birds: an overlooked sink for carotenoid pigments?. Funct. Ecol. 15 (2001) 297-303
    • (2001) Funct. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 297-303
    • Negro, J.J.1    Figuerola, J.2    Garrido, J.3    Green, A.J.4
  • 42
    • 0024592614 scopus 로고
    • Biological actions of carotenoids
    • Olson J.A. Biological actions of carotenoids. J. Nutr. 119 (1989) 94-95
    • (1989) J. Nutr. , vol.119 , pp. 94-95
    • Olson, J.A.1
  • 43
    • 0013967156 scopus 로고
    • Serum and urinary lysozyme (muraminidase) in monocytic and monomyelocytic leukemia
    • Osserman E.F., and Lawlor D.P. Serum and urinary lysozyme (muraminidase) in monocytic and monomyelocytic leukemia. J. Exp. Med. 124 (1966) 921-951
    • (1966) J. Exp. Med. , vol.124 , pp. 921-951
    • Osserman, E.F.1    Lawlor, D.P.2
  • 44
    • 0000866526 scopus 로고
    • Composition of eggs of several bird species
    • Ricklefs R.E. Composition of eggs of several bird species. Auk 103 (1977) 350-356
    • (1977) Auk , vol.103 , pp. 350-356
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 45
    • 0032777591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and egg yolk lipid composition in gulls
    • Royle N.J., Surai P.F., McCartney R.J., and Speake B.K. Parental investment and egg yolk lipid composition in gulls. Funct. Ecol. 13 (1999) 298-306
    • (1999) Funct. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 298-306
    • Royle, N.J.1    Surai, P.F.2    McCartney, R.J.3    Speake, B.K.4
  • 46
    • 0041851261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of variation in dietary intake on maternal deposition of antioxidants in zebra finch eggs
    • Royle N.J., Surai P.F., and Hartley I.R. The effect of variation in dietary intake on maternal deposition of antioxidants in zebra finch eggs. Funct. Ecol. 17 (2003) 472-481
    • (2003) Funct. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 472-481
    • Royle, N.J.1    Surai, P.F.2    Hartley, I.R.3
  • 47
    • 0003947350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Rupley A.E. Manual of Avian Practice (1997), W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • (1997) Manual of Avian Practice
    • Rupley, A.E.1
  • 48
    • 0037158457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid concentration in barn swallow eggs is influenced by laying order, maternal infection and paternal ornamentation
    • Saino N., Bertacche V., Ferrari R.P., Martinelli R., Møller A.P., and Stradi R. Carotenoid concentration in barn swallow eggs is influenced by laying order, maternal infection and paternal ornamentation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 269 (2002) 1729-1733
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B , vol.269 , pp. 1729-1733
    • Saino, N.1    Bertacche, V.2    Ferrari, R.P.3    Martinelli, R.4    Møller, A.P.5    Stradi, R.6
  • 49
    • 0036712611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early maternal effects and antibacterial immune factors in the eggs, nestlings and adults of the barn swallow
    • Saino N., Dall'Ara P., Martinelli R., and Møller A.P. Early maternal effects and antibacterial immune factors in the eggs, nestlings and adults of the barn swallow. J. Evol. Biol. 15 (2002) 735-743
    • (2002) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 735-743
    • Saino, N.1    Dall'Ara, P.2    Martinelli, R.3    Møller, A.P.4
  • 50
    • 0016998992 scopus 로고
    • Lysozyme in hen blood serum
    • Sato Y., and Watanabe K. Lysozyme in hen blood serum. Poultry Sci. 55 (1976) 1749-1756
    • (1976) Poultry Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1749-1756
    • Sato, Y.1    Watanabe, K.2
  • 51
    • 0027133237 scopus 로고
    • Yolk is a source of maternal testosterone for developing birds
    • Schwabl H. Yolk is a source of maternal testosterone for developing birds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90 (1993) 11439-11441
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.90 , pp. 11439-11441
    • Schwabl, H.1
  • 52
    • 0032825331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplifying the phytohaemoagglutinin skin-testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence
    • Smits J.E., Bortolotti G.R., and Tella J.L. Simplifying the phytohaemoagglutinin skin-testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence. Funct. Ecol. 13 (1999) 567-572
    • (1999) Funct. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 567-572
    • Smits, J.E.1    Bortolotti, G.R.2    Tella, J.L.3
  • 53
    • 33845704383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid and protein supplementation have differential effects on pheasant ornamentation and immunity
    • Smith H.G., Råberg L., Ohlsson T., Grambom M., and Hasselquist D. Carotenoid and protein supplementation have differential effects on pheasant ornamentation and immunity. J. Evol. Biol. 20 (2006) 310-319
    • (2006) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 310-319
    • Smith, H.G.1    Råberg, L.2    Ohlsson, T.3    Grambom, M.4    Hasselquist, D.5
  • 55
    • 0032211758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of carotenoids from the yolk to the tissue of the chick embryo
    • Surai P.F., and Speake B.K. Distribution of carotenoids from the yolk to the tissue of the chick embryo. J. Nutr. Biochem. 9 (1998) 645-651
    • (1998) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.9 , pp. 645-651
    • Surai, P.F.1    Speake, B.K.2
  • 56
    • 85023826358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in avian nutrition and embryonic development. Absorption, availability and levels in plasma and egg yolk
    • Surai P.F., Speake B.K., and Sparks N.H.C. Carotenoids in avian nutrition and embryonic development. Absorption, availability and levels in plasma and egg yolk. Poultry Sci. 38 (2001) 1-27
    • (2001) Poultry Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1-27
    • Surai, P.F.1    Speake, B.K.2    Sparks, N.H.C.3
  • 58
    • 0242658990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of canthaxanthin content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the developing chick
    • Surai A.P., Surai P.F., Steinberg W., Wakeman W.G., Speake B.K., and Sparks N.H.C. Effect of canthaxanthin content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the developing chick. Br. Poult. Sci. 44 (2003) 612-619
    • (2003) Br. Poult. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 612-619
    • Surai, A.P.1    Surai, P.F.2    Steinberg, W.3    Wakeman, W.G.4    Speake, B.K.5    Sparks, N.H.C.6
  • 59
    • 34249708986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanvez, A., 2004. Effets maternels et qualité de l'oeuf chez le canari domestique commun et le goéland leucophée. Thèse de doctorat. Paris X Nanterre.
  • 61
    • 0025501682 scopus 로고
    • Effect of β-carotene on disease protection and humoral immunity in chickens
    • Tengerdy R.P., Lacetera N.G., and Nockels C.F. Effect of β-carotene on disease protection and humoral immunity in chickens. Avian Dis. 34 (1990) 848-854
    • (1990) Avian Dis. , vol.34 , pp. 848-854
    • Tengerdy, R.P.1    Lacetera, N.G.2    Nockels, C.F.3
  • 62
    • 0033256045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of vitamin supplements in Spanish poultry diets
    • Villamide M.J., and Fraga M.J. Composition of vitamin supplements in Spanish poultry diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 40 (1999) 644-652
    • (1999) Br. Poult. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 644-652
    • Villamide, M.J.1    Fraga, M.J.2
  • 64
    • 0003898977 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Williams G.C. Sex and Evolution (1975), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • (1975) Sex and Evolution
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 66
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 931 pp.
    • Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis (1999), Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 931 pp.
    • (1999) Biostatistical Analysis
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.