Torture: Advances and limitations in explanatory theories and implications for cross cultural social work

Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work

Volumn 15, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 1-30

  Moio, Jené A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cross cultural social work; Moral disengagement; Relational models theory; Torture

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249341694     PISSN: 15313204     EISSN: 15313212     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J051v15n03_01     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Agger, I. (1994). The blue room: Trauma and testimony among refugee women: A psycho-social exploration. London, England: Zed Books.
2. Amnesty International. (1975). Report on torture. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
3. Amnesty International. (2000). Torture worldwide: An affront to human dignity. New York, NY: Amnesty International.
4. Amnesty International. (2001). Stopping the torture trade. London, England: Amnesty International.
5. Amnesty International. (2003). Combating torture: A manual for action London, England: Amnesty International Publications.
6. Arcohe, J. & Coello, M.J. (2004). Ethnocultural considerations in the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers. In J.P. Wilson & B. Drozdek (Eds.), Broken spirits: The treatment of traumatized asylum seekers, refugees, war, and torture victims (pp. 53-80). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
7. Arendt, H. (1964). Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil. New York, NY: Viking, 53-80.
8. Bandura, A. (1990). Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 27-46.
9. Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 100-119.
10. Bar-On, D. (1989). Holocaust perpetrators and their children: A paradoxical morality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 29(4), 424-443.
11. Basoglu, M. (1992). Introduction. In M. Basoglu (Ed.), Torture and its consequences (pp. 1-9). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
12. Bauman, Z. (2001). The century of camps. In P. Beilharz (Ed.), The Bauman reader (pp. 230-280). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
13. Becker, D., Lira, E., Castillo, I., Gomez, E., & Kovalskys, J. (1990). Therapy with victims of political repression in Chile: The challenge of social reparation. Journal of Social Justice, 46(3), 133-149.
14. Behnia, B. (2004). Trust building from the perspective of survivors of war and torture. Social Service Review, March, 26-40.
15. Bracken, P.J., Giller, J.E., & Summerfield, D. (1995). Psychological responses to war and atrocity: The limitations of current concepts. Social Science & Medicine, 40(8), 1073-1082.
16. Burgers, J.H. & Danelius, H. (1988). The United Nations convention against torture: A handbook on the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
17. Connelly, D.L. & Folger, R. (2004). Hidden bias: The impact of relational models on perceptions of fairness in human resource systems. In N. Haslam (Ed.), Relational models theory: A contemporary overview (pp. 197-220). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
18. Connolly, W.E. (1996). Suffering, justice, and the politics of becoming. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 20, 251-277.
19. Conroy, J. (2000). Unspeakable acts, ordinary people: The dynamic of torture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
20. Crelinsten, R.D. (1995). In their own words: The world of the torturer. In R.D. Crelinsten & A.P. Schmid (Eds.), The politics of pain: Torturers and their masters (pp. 35-64). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
21. Crelinsten, R.D. (2003). The world of torture: A constructed reality. Theoretical Criminology, 7(3), 293-318.
22. Darley, J.M. & Batson, C.D. (1973). From Jerusalem to Jericho: A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(1), 100-108.
23. Dicks, H.V. (1972). Licensed mass murder: A socio-psychological study of some SS killers. London, England: Heinemann.
24. Eagle, G. (2002). The political conundrums of post-traumatic stress disorder. In D.H.G. Eagle (Ed.), Psychopathology and social prejudice (pp. 75-91). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press.
25. Engstrom, D.W. & Okamura, A. (2004). A plague of our time: Torture, human rights, and social work. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 85(3), 291-300.
26. Fanon, F. (1963). Wretched of the earth. Chicago, IL: Black Cat Press.
27. Finn, J. & Jacobson, M. (2003). Just practice: Steps toward a new social work paradigm. Journal of Social work Education, 39, 57-78.
28. Fiske, A.P. (1991). Structures of social life. New York, NY: The Free Press.
29. Fiske, A.P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99 4), 689-723.
30. Fiske, A.P. (2002). Socio-moral emotions motivate action to sustain relationships. Self and Identity, 1, 169-175.
31. Fiske, A.P. (2004). Relational models theory 2.0. In N. Haslam (Ed.), Relational models theory: A contemporary overview (pp. 3-25). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
32. Forsyth, D.W. (1995). Commentary on Fiske's models of social relations. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 18, 119-153.
33. Gibson, J.T. (1991). Training people to inflict pain: State terror and social learning. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 31(2), 72-87.
34. Goodnow, J.J. (2004). The domain of work in households: A relational models approach. In N. Haslam (Ed.), Relational models theory: A contemporary overview (pp. 167-196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
35. Grossman, D. (1995). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
36. Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1995). The official torturer: A learning model for obedience to the authority of violence. In R.D. Crelinsten & A.P. Schmid (Eds.), The politics of pain: Torturers and their masters (pp. 35-64). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
37. Haritos-Fatouros, M. (2003). The psychological origins of institutionalized torture. London, England: Routledge.
38. Harrower, M. (1976). Rorschach records of the Nazi war criminals: An experimental study after thirty years. Journal of Personality Assessment, 40(4), 341-351.
39. Huggins, M.K. (2000). Legacies of authoritarianism: Brazilian torturers' and murderers' reformulation of memory. Latin American Perspectives, 27(2), 57-78.
40. Jochnick, C.A. & Normand, R. (1994). The legitimation of violence: A critical history of the laws of war. Harvard International Law Journal, 35, 49-93.
41. Keenan, E.K. (2004). From socio-cultural categories to socially located relations: Using critical theory in social work practice. Families in Society, 85(4), 539-548.
42. Kernberg, O.F. (2003a). Sanctioned social violence: A psychoanalytic view. Part I. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 84, 683-698.
43. Kernberg, O.F. (2003b). Sanctioned social violence: A psychoanalytic view. Part II. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 84, 953-968.
44. Kinzie, J.D. & Jaranson, J.M. (2001). Refugees and asylum seekers. In E. Gerrity, T.M. Keane, & F. Tuma (Eds.), The mental health consequences of torture (pp. 111-120). New York, NY: Plenum Publishers.
45. Kirmayer, L. (1996). Confusion of the senses: Implications of ethnocultural variations in somatoform and dissociative disorders for PTSD. In M.F.A. Marsella, E. Gerrity, & R. Scurfield (Ed.), Ethnocultural aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder: Issues, research, and clinical applications (pp. 131-163). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
46. Kleinman, A. (1988). Rethinking psychiatry: From cultural category to personal experience. New York, NY: The Free Press.
47. Kleinman, A. (1997). The appeal of experience; the dismay of images: Cultural appropriations of suffering in our times. In A. Kleinmna, V. Das, & M. Lock (Eds.), Social suffering (pp. 1-23). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
48. Landis, C. (1924). Studies of emotional reactions: I. General behavior and facial expression. Comparative Psychology, 4, 447-503.
49. Lewis, N.A. & Schmitt, E. (2004, June 8). Lawyers decided bans on torture didn't bind Bush. New York Times, p. A1.
50. Macnair, R.M. (2002). Perpetration-induced traumatic stress. Westport, CT: Praeger.
51. Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378.
52. Milgram, S. (1965). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18, 57-76.
53. Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
54. Miller, A.G. (2004). What can the Milgram obedience experiments tell us about the Holocaust? In A.G. Miller (Ed.), The social psychology of good and evil (pp. 193-239). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
55. Mollica, R. & Caspi-Yavin, Y. (1991). Overview: The assessment and diagnosis of torture events and symptoms. In M. Basoglu (Ed.), Torture and its consequences: Current treatment approaches (pp. 253-274). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
56. NASW. (1996). NASW code of ethics. NASW Delegate Committee. Downloaded October 27, 2006 from: http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/ code.asp
57. NASW. (2001). NASW standards for cultural competence in social work practice. NASW National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity. Downloaded on October 13, 2006 from: http://www.socialworkers.org/ sections/credentials/cultural_comp.asp
58. Pitner, R.O. & Sakamoto, I. (2005). The role of critical consciousness in multicultural practice: Examining how its strength becomes its limitation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(4), 684-694.
59. Piwowarczyk, L., Moreno, A., & Grodin, M. (2000). Health care of torture survivors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(5), 539-541.
60. Pupavac, V. (2002). Therapeutising refugees, pathologizing populations: International psycho-social programmes in Kosovo (No. Working Paper No. 59). Nottingham, UK: UNHCR.
61. Quiroga, J. & Jaranson, J.M. (2005). Politically-motivated torture and its survivors: A desk study review of the literature. Torture, 16 2-3), 3-112.
62. Raaijmakers, M.Q.A.W. (1995). Obedience in modern society: The Utrecht studies. Journal of Social Issues, 51(3), 155-176.
63. Roccas, S. & McCauley, C. (2004). Values and emotions in the relational models. In N. Haslam (Ed.), Relational models theory: A contemporary overview (pp. 263-283). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
64. Staub, E. (1999). The roots of evil: Social conditions, culture, personality, and basic human needs. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 179-192.
65. Suarez-Orozco, M.M. (1990). Speaking the unspeakable: Toward a psychosocial understanding of responses to terror. Ethos, 18(3), 353-383.
66. Summerfield, D. (1995). Addressing human response to war and atrocity: Major challenges in research and practices and the limitations of Western psychiatric models. In R.J. Kleber & B.P.R. Gerson (Eds.), Beyond trauma: Cultural and societal dynamics (pp. 17-29). New York, NY and London, England: Plenum Press.
67. Summerfield, D. (1996). The impact of war and atrocity on civilian populations: Basic principles for NGO intervention and a critique of psychosocial trauma projects. Relief and Rehabilitation Network Paper #14. London, England: Overseas Development Institute.
68. Summerfield, D. (1999). A critique of seven assumptions behind psychological trauma programmes in war-affected areas. Social Science and Medicine, 48, 1449-1462.
69. U.S. Department of the Army. (1976). The Peers report. Retrieved October 12, 2005, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ mylai/MYL_Peers.htm
70. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2003). 2003 Yearbook of immigrant statistics. Downloaded on September 30, 2005 from: http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/shared/aboutus/statistics/RA2003yrbk/ 2003RA.pdf
71. van der Kolk, B., McFarlane, A.C., & Weisaeth (Eds.). (1996). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body and society. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
72. Whitehead, H. (1993). Morals, models, and motives in a different light: A rumination on Alan P. Fiske's structures of social life. Ethos, 21 3), 319-356.
73. Yan, M.C. & Wong, Y.-L. (2005). Rethinking self-awareness in cultural competence: Toward a dialogic self in cross-cultural social work. Families in Society, 86(2), 181-188.
74. Zimbardo, P.G. (2004). A situationist perspective on psychology of evil: Understanding how good people are transformed into perpetrators. In A. Miller (Ed.), The social psychology of good and evil: Understanding our capacity for kindness and cruelty (pp. 21-49). New York, NY: Guilford Press.