Reflections on the reproductive sciences in agriculture in the UK and US, ca. 1900-2000+

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C :Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 316-339

  Clarke, Adele E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal agriculture; Biopower; Industrialization; Reproductive sciences

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; HISTORY; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; REPRODUCTION; TECHNOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34249333063     PISSN: 13698486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2007.03.003     Document Type: Article

References (173)

1. Aberle S.D., and Corner G.W. Twenty-five years of sex research: History of the national research council committee for research in problems of sex, 1922-1947 (1953), W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia
2. In: Allen E. (Ed). Sex and internal secretions. 1st ed. (1932), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
3. In: Allen E. (Ed). Sex and internal secretions. 2nd ed. (1939), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
4. Amoroso E.C., and Corner G.W. Herbert McLean Evans, 1882-1971. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 21 (1975) 83-186
5. Andrewes C.H. The National Institute for Medical Research. Nature 165 13 May (1950) 744-746
6. In: Austin C.R., and Short R.V. (Eds). Artificial control of reproduction. 1st ed. (1972), Cambridge University Press, London & New York
7. In: Austin C.R., and Short R.V. (Eds). Manipulating reproduction. 2nd ed. (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
8. Ben-David, J. (1992). Centers of learning: Britain, France, Germany, United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. (First published 1977)
9. Betteridge K.J. Increasing productivity in farm animals. In: Austin C.R., and Short R.V. (Eds). Reproduction in mammals, Bk. 5. Manipulating reproduction. 2nd ed. (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1-47
10. Biggers J.D. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in human beings. New England Journal of Medicine 304 (1981) 336-342
11. Biggers J.D. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in historical perspective. In: Trouson A., and Wood C. (Eds). In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (1984), Churchill Livingstone, London 3-15
12. Biggers J.D. Pioneering mammalian embryo culture. In: Bavister B. (Ed). The mammalian preimplantation embryo (1987), Plenum, New York 1-22
13. Biggers J.D. Walter Heape, FRS: A pioneer in reproductive biology. Centenary of his embryo transfer experiments. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 93 (1991) 173-186
14. Blackman, H. (2001). Women, savages and other animals: The comparative physiology of reproduction, 1850-1914. Ph.D. thesis, Manchester University.
15. Borell M. Organotherapy, British physiology and discovery of the internal secretions. Journal of the History of Biology 9 (1976) 235-268
16. Borell M. Brown-Sequard's organotherapy and its appearance in America at the end of the nineteenth century. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 50 (1976) 309-320
17. Borell M. Setting the standards for a new science: Edward Schafer and endocrinology. Medical History 22 (1978) 282-290
18. Borell M. Organotherapy and the emergence of reproductive endocrinology. Journal of the History of Biology 18 (1985) 1-30
19. Borell M. Biologists and the promotion of birth control research, 1918-1938. Journal of the History of Biology 19 (1987) 51-87
20. Boyd W., Prudham W.S., and Schurman R.A. Industrial dynamics and the problem of nature. Society of Natural Resources 14 (2001) 555-570
21. In: Brackett B.G., Seidel G.E., and Seidel S.M. (Eds). New technologies in animal breeding (1981), Academic, New York
22. Brassley P. Agricultural research in Britain, 1850-1914: Failure, success and development. Annals of Science 52 (1995) 465-480
23. Brassley, P. (2000). Agricultural science and education. In E. J. T. Collins (Ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, Vol. 8. 1850-1914 (Pt. 1, pp. 594-649). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Bugos G.E. Intellectual property issues in the American chicken breeding industry. Business History Review 66 (1992) 127-168
25. In: Busch L. (Ed). Science and agricultural development (1981), Allanheld, Osmun, Totowa, NJ
26. Busch L. History, negotiation and structure in agricultural research. Urban Life 11 (1982) 368-384
27. Busch L., and Lacey W.B. Science, agriculture and the politics of research (1983), Westview, Boulder, CO
28. Chakrabarty D. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference (2000), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
29. Chang M.C., and Pincus G. Physiology of fertilization in mammals. Physiological Reviews 31 (1931) 1-26
30. Chapman A.B. Jay Laurence Lush, January 3, 1896-May 1, 1982. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science 57 (1987) 277-305
31. Clarke, A. E. (1987). Research materials and reproductive science in the United States, 1910-1940. In G. L. Geison (Ed.), Physiology in the American context, 1850-1940 (pp. 323-350). Bethesda: American Physiological Society. (Reprinted with an epilogue on studies of research materials in S. L. Star (Ed.), Ecologies of knowledge: New directions in sociology of science and technology (pp. 183-219). Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1995).
32. Clarke A.E. Controversy and the development of reproductive sciences. Social Problems 37 (1990) 18-37
33. Clarke A.E. A social worlds research adventure: The case of reproductive science. In: Cozzens S.E., and Gieryn T.F. (Eds). Theories of science in society (1990), Indiana University Press, Bloomington 15-42
34. Clarke A.E. Embryology and the development of American reproductive sciences, 1910-1945. In: Rainger R., Benson K., and Maienschein J. (Eds). The American expansion of biology (1991), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 107-132
35. Clarke A.E. Social worlds theory as organizational theory. In: Maines D. (Ed). Social organization and social process: Essays in honor of Anselm Strauss (1991), Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY 119-158
36. Clarke, A.E. (1993). Money, sex and legitimacy at Chicago, 1900-1940: Lillie's center of reproductive biology. Perspectives on Science, 1 (Special issue Biology at the University of Chicago), 367-415.
37. Clarke, A. E. (1995). Modernity, postmodernity and human reproductive processes ca. 1890-1990, or 'Mommy, where do cyborgs come from anyway?' In C. H. Gray (Ed., with H. J. Figueroa-Sarriera, & S. Mentor), The cyborg handbook (pp. 139-155). New York: Routledge.
38. Clarke A.E. Disciplining reproduction: Modernity, American life sciences, and 'the problems of sex' (1998), University of California Press, Berkeley
39. Clarke, A. E. (1999). Eloge: Merriley E. Borell, 30 September 1945-27 August 1998. Isis, 90, 325-326.
40. Clarke A.E. Maverick reproductive scientists and the production of contraceptives 1915-2000+. In: Saetnan A., Oudshoorn N., and Kirejczyk M. (Eds). Bodies of technology: Women's involvement with reproductive medicine (2000), Ohio State University Press, Columbus 37-89
41. Clarke, A. E. (2005). Reproductive science, 1913-1971. In J. Maienschein, M. Glitz, & G. Allen (Eds.), The Department of Embryology (pp. 83-116). Centennial History of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5. New York: Cambridge University Press.
42. Clarke A.E., and Montini T. The many faces of RU486: Tales of situated knowledges and technological contestations. Science, Technology and Human Values 18 (1993) 42-78
43. In: Collins E.J.T. (Ed). The agrarian history of England and Wales, Vol. 7. 1850-1914 (2000), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
44. Cooke, K. J. (1997). From science to practice, or practice to science? Chickens and eggs in Raymond Pearl's agricultural breeding research, 1907-1916. Isis, 88, 62-86.
45. Corner G.W. Seven ages of a medical scientist: An autobiography (1981), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
46. Corvie, A. T. (1948). Pregnancy diagnosis tests: A review. Edinburgh: Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Breeding.
47. Deal H.E. A.D. Hall, pioneer in scientific agriculture (1956), John Murray, London
48. DeJager T. Pure science and practical interests: The origins of the ARC, 1930-37. Minerva 31 (1993) 129-150
49. Deleuze G., and Guattari F. A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (1987), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
50. Derrida, J. (1978). Writing and difference (A. Bass, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Edwards R., and Steptoe P. A matter of life: The story of a medical breakthrough (1980), William Morrow & Company, Inc, New York
52. Fields, R. A. S. (1992). Micromanipulation of sheep and goat embryos to facilitate interspecies pregnancy. Dissertation, University of California, Davis.
53. Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Vol. 1. An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books. (First published 1976)
54. Foucault M. Biopower. In: Rabinow P. (Ed). The Foucault reader (1984), Pantheon Books, New York 258-289
55. Franklin S. Deconstructing desperateness: The social construction of infertility in popular representations of new reproductive technologies. In: McNeil M., Varcoe I., and Yearley S. (Eds). The new reproductive technologies (1990), Macmillan, London 200-229
56. Franklin, S. (2000). Life itself: Global nature and the genetic imaginary. In S. Franklin, C. Lurie, & J. Stacey, Global nature, global culture (pp. 188-227). London: Sage.
57. Franklin S. Culturing biology: Cell lines for the second millennium. Health 5 (2001) 335-354
58. Franklin, S. (2003). Ethical biocapital: New strategies of cell culture. In S. Franklin, & M. Lock (Eds.), Remaking life & death: Toward an anthropology of the biosciences (pp. 97-128). Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series.
59. Franklin, S., & Lock, M. (2003). Animation and cessation: The remaking of life and death. In S. Franklin, & M. Lock (Eds.), Remaking life & death: Toward an anthropology of the biosciences (pp. 3-22). Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series.
60. Friese, C. (In preparation). Enacting conservation and biomedicine: Cloning animals of endangered species in the cultures of late modernity. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Francisco.
61. In: Fuglie K., and Schimmelpfennig D. (Eds). Public-private collaboration in agricultural research: New institutional arrangements and economic implications (2000), Iowa State University Press, Ames
62. Ganchoff C. Regenerating movements: Embryonic stem cells and the politics of potentiality. Sociology of Health and Illness 26 (2004) 757-774
63. Ganchoff, C. (2007, Forthcoming). Regenerating movements: Stem cells and the politics of potentiality. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Francisco.
64. Geison G.L. Michael Foster and the Cambridge school of physiology: The scientific enterprise in late Victorian society (1978), Princeton University Press, Princeton
65. Geison G.L. Scientific change, emerging specialties and research schools. History of Science 19 (1981) 20-40
66. Gottweis H. Governing molecules: The discursive politics of genetic engineering in Europe and the United States (1998), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
67. Gottweis H. Governing genomics in the 21st century: Between risk and uncertainty. New Genetics and Society 24 2 (2005) 175-193
68. Greep, R. O., & Koblinsky, M. A. (Eds.). (1977). Frontiers in reproduction and fertility control: A review of the reproductive sciences and contraceptive development. Boston, MA: MIT (Ford Foundation).
69. Greep, R. O., Koblinsky, M.A., & Jaffe, F. S. (1976). Reproduction and human welfare: A challenge to research. Boston, MA: MIT (Ford Foundation).
70. In: Gupta A., and Ferguson J. (Eds). Culture, power, place: Explorations in critical anthropology (1997), Duke University Press, Durham NC
71. Hall D.L. The critic and the advocate: Contrasting British views on the state of endocrinology in the 1920s. Journal of the History of Biology 9 (1976) 269-285
72. Hall, D. L. (1978). Sex, fertility and taboo: The Committee for Research on Problems of Sex, 1920-1940. Unpublished manuscript, presented at Workshop on Historical Perspectives on the Scientific Study of Fertility in the United States, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
73. Hammond J. Reproduction in the rabbit (1925), Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh
74. Hammond J. The physiology of reproduction in the cow (1927), Cambridge University Press, New York
75. Hammond, J. (1932). Growth and development of mutton qualities in the sheep: A survey of the problems involved in meat production. With a section in conjunction with A. B. Appleton. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd.
76. Hammond, J. (1940). Farm animals: Their breeding, growth, and inheritance. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1st ed., London: E. Arnold & Co., 2nd ed., 1952.
77. Hammond J. Progress in the physiology of farm animals (1954-1959), Butterworths Scientific Publications, London
78. Hanson, E. (2005). How Rhesus monkeys became laboratory animals. In J. Maienschein, M. Glitz, & G. Allen (Eds.), The Department of Embryology (pp. 63-82). Centennial History of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5. New York: Cambridge University Press.
79. Hartouni V. Cultural conceptions: On reproductive technologies and the remaking of life (1997), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
80. Heape W. The menstruation of Semnopithecus entellus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: B 185 (1894) 411-471
81. Heape W. The artificial insemination of mammals and subsequent possible fertilization or impregnation of their ova. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 61 (1897) 52-63
82. Heape W. On menstruation of monkeys and the human female. Transactions of the Obstetrical Society 40 (1898) 74-161
83. Heape W. Abortion, barrenness and fertility in sheep. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, Series III 10 (1899) 1-32
84. Heape W. The sexual season of mammals and the relation of the pro-oestrum to menstruation. Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science 44 (1900) 1-70
85. Heape W. Ovulation and degeneration of ova in the rabbit. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 76 (1905) 260-268
86. Heape W. The breeding industry: Its value to the country and its needs (1906), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
87. Heape W. Sex antagonism (1913), G. Putnam Sons, New York
88. Heape W. Preparation for marriage (1916), Cassell, London
89. Herman H.A. Improving cattle by the millions: NAAB and the development and worldwide application of artificial insemination (1981), University of Missouri Press, Columbia
90. Hertz R. A quest for better contraception: The Ford Foundation's contribution to reproductive science and contraceptive development, 1959-1983. Contraception 29 (1984) 287-319
91. Hindmarsh, R., & Gottweis, H. (Eds.). (2005). Science as Culture, 14(4) (Special issue Recombinant regulation: The Asilomar legacy 30 years on), 299-410.
92. Hogben L. Francis Albert Eley Crew, 1886-1973. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 20 (1974) 134-153
93. Hurt R.D., and Hurt M.E. The history of agricultural science and technology: An international annotated bibliography (1994), Garland, New York
94. Jordanova L. Sexual visions: Images of gender in science and medicine between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries (1989), University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
95. Kay L.E. Life as technology: Representing, intervening and molecularizing. Rivista di Storia Scienza, ns 1 2 (1993) 85-103
96. Kimmelman B.A. The American Breeders' Association: Genetics and eugenics in an agricultural context, 1903-1913. Social Studies of Science 13 (1983) 163-204
97. Kimmelman B.A. Organisms and interests in scientific research: R. A. Emerson's claims for the unique contribution of agricultural genetics. In: Clarke A.E., and Fujimura J.H. (Eds). The right tools for the job: At work in twentieth century life sciences (1992), Princeton University Press, Princeton 172-197
98. Knoblauch, H. C., Law, E. M., & Meyer, W. P. (1962). State agricultural experiment stations: A history of research policy and procedure. Misc. Pub., No. 904. Washington, DC: USDA.
99. Kolata G. Clone: The road to Dolly and the path ahead (1998), William Morrow & Co, New York
100. Kraft A. Pragmatism, patronage and politics in English biology: The rise and fall of economic biology, 1904-1920. Journal of the History of Biology 37 (2004) 213-258
101. Lamming, G.E. (1984). Marshall's physiology of reproduction (4th ed., in consultation with Sir A. Parkes). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
102. Lanza, R. P., Dresser, B. L., & Damiani, P. (2000). Cloning Noah's ark. Scientific American, November, 84-89.
103. Latour B. Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory (2005), Oxford University Press, Oxford
104. In: Law J., and Hassard J. (Eds). Actor network theory and after (1999), Blackwell, Malden, MA
105. Lillie F.R. Zoological sciences in the future. Science 88 22 July (1938) 65-72
106. Long D.E. Physiological identity of American sex researchers between the two world wars. In: Geison G.L. (Ed). Physiology in the American context, 1850-1940 (1987), American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD 78-263
107. Lush J.L. Genetics and animal breeding. In: Dunn L.C. (Ed). Genetics in the twentieth century (1951), Macmillan, New York
108. Maienschein J. Epistemic styles in German and American embryology. Science in Context 4 2 (1991) 407-427
109. Maienschein J. Whose view of life? Embryos, cloning, and stem cells (2003), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
110. Marcus A.I. Agricultural science and the quest for legitimacy: Farmers, agricultural colleges, and experiment stations, 1870-1890 (1985), Iowa State University Press, Ames
111. Marcus A.I. The wisdom of the body politic: The changing nature of publicly sponsored American agricultural research since the 1830s. Agricultural History 62 2 (1988) 4-26
112. Marcus A.I. The newest knowledge of nutrition: Wise Burroughs, DES, and modern meat. Agricultural History 67 3 (1993) 66-85
113. Marcus A.I. Cancer from beef: DES, federal food regulation, and consumer confidence (1995), The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
114. Marshall F.H.A. The physiology of reproduction (1910), Longmans, Green & Co., London
115. Mastroianni, L., Jr., Donaldson, P. J., & Kane, T. T. (Eds.). (1990). Developing new contraceptives: Obstacles and opportunities. [NRC and IOM.] Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
116. Nye R.A. Love and reproductive biology in fin-de-siècle France: A Foucauldian lacuna?. In: Goldstein J. (Ed). Foucault and the writing of history (1994), Blackwell, London 150-164
117. Olby R. Social imperialism and state support for agricultural research in Edwardian Britain. Annals of Science 48 (1991) 509-526
118. Orland B. Turbo-cows: Producing a competitive animal in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In: Schrepfer S.R., and Scranton P. (Eds). Industrializing organisms: Introducing evolutionary history (2004), Routledge, New York 167-189
119. Oudshoorn N. Beyond the natural body: An archeology of sex hormones (1994), Routledge, London
120. Oudshoorn N. A natural order of things? Reproductive sciences and the politics of othering. In: Robertson G., Mash M., Tichner L., Bird J., Curtis B., and Putnam T. (Eds). Future natural: Nature science culture (1996), Routledge, London & New York 122-133
121. Oudshoorn N. The male pill: A biography of a technology in the making (2003), Duke University Press, Durham, NC
122. In: Oudshoorn N., and Pinch T. (Eds). How users matter: The co-construction of users and technology (2003), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
123. Palladino P. The political economy of applied research: Plant breeding in Great Britain, 1910-1940. Minerva 28 (1990) 446-468
124. Palladino P. Wizards and devotees: On the Mendelian theory of inheritance and the professionalization of agricultural science in Great Britain and the United States 1880-1930. History of Science 32 (1994) 409-444
125. Palladino P. Science, technology, and the economy: Plant breeding in Great Britain, 1920-1970. Economic History Review 49 (1996) 116-136
126. Parkes, A. S. (Ed.). (1952-1966). Marshall's physiology of reproduction (3rd ed.) (3 vols.). New York: Longmans Green.
127. Parkes, A. S. (1962a). Prospect and retrospect in the physiology of reproduction. British Medical Journal, 14 July, 71-75.
128. Parkes A.S. Sir John Hammond: An interview. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 3 (1962) 2-13
129. Parkes A.S. Sex science and society (1966), Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
130. Parkes A.S. The rise of reproductive physiology, 1926-1940. The Dale Lecture for 1965. Journal of Endocrinology 34 3 (1966) xx-xxxii
131. Parkes A.S. Off-beat biologist: The autobiography of Alan S. Parkes (1985), The Galton Foundation, Cambridge
132. Pauly P.J. Controlling life: Jacques Loeb and the engineering ideal in biology (1987), Oxford University Press, New York
133. Pemberton J. Origins and early history of the Society for Social Medicine in the UK and Ireland. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 56 (2002) 342-346
134. Petters R.M. Recombinant DNA, gene transfer and the future of animal agriculture. Journal of Animal Science 62 (1986) 1759-1768
135. Porter R., and Hall L. The facts of life: The creation of sexual knowledge in Britain, 1650-1950 (1995), Yale University Press, New Haven
136. Pursell C.W. The administration of science in the Department of Agriculture, 1933-1940. Agricultural History 42 (1968) 231-240
137. Rabinow P. Artificiality and enlightenment: From sociobiology to biosociality. In: Crary J., and Kwinter S. (Eds). Incorporations (1992), Zone, New York 234-252
138. Rabinow P. Making PCR: A story of biotechnology (1996), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
139. Rader K. Making mice: Standardizing animals for American biomedical research, 1900-1955 (2004), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
140. Rasmussen C., and Tilman R. Jacques Loeb: His science and social activism and their philosophical foundations (1998), American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia
141. In: Rasmussen W.D. (Ed). Readings in the history of American agriculture (1960), University of Illinois Press, Urbana
142. In: Rasmussen W.D. (Ed). Taking the university to the people: Seventy-five years of cooperative extension (1989), Iowa State University Press, Ames
143. Reference Division, Central Office of Information, British Information Services, London. (1977). Agriculture in Britain. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
144. Research and Education Association. (1982). Genetic engineering. New York: REA. (Commissioned and sponsored by the US Office of Technology Assessment)
145. Ritvo H. The animal estate: The English and other creatures in the Victorian age (1987), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
146. Robinson, B. (2006). Personal communication.
147. Rosenberg C.E. No other gods: On science and American social thought (1976), The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
148. Rosenberg C.E. Rationalization and reality in shaping American agricultural research, 1875-1914. In: Reingold N. (Ed). The sciences in the American context: New perspectives (1979), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 143-164
149. Rossiter M. The emergence of agricultural science: Justus Liebig and the Americans, 1840-1880 (1975), Yale University Press, New Haven
150. Rossiter M. The organization of agricultural improvement in the United States, 1785-1865. In: Oleson A., and Brown S.C. (Eds). The pursuit of knowledge in the early American republic: American scientific and learned societies from colonial times to the Civil War (1976), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 279-298
151. Rossiter M. The organization of the agricultural sciences. In: Oleson A., and Voss J. (Eds). The organization of knowledge in modern America, 1860-1920 (1979), The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 211-248
152. Rossiter, M. W. (1986). Graduate work in the agricultural sciences, 1900-1970. Agricultural History, 60(2), 37-57.
153. Russell S.E.J. A history of agricultural science in Great Britain 1620-1954 (1966), George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London
154. Schell O. Modern meat: Antibiotics, hormones and the pharmaceutical farm (1984), Random House, New York
155. Schimmelpfennig D.E., and Thirtle C. International spillovers from agricultural research. In: Schimmelpfennig D.E., and Fuglie K.O. (Eds). Public-private collaborations in agricultural research (2000), Iowa State University Press, Ames 245-268
156. Schneider, K. (1988). Biotechnology's cash cow. New York Times Magazine, 12 June, 44-53.
157. In: Schrepfer S.R., and Scranton P. (Eds). Industrializing organisms: Introducing evolutionary history (2004), Routledge, New York
158. Shelesnyak M.C. Interdisciplinary approaches to the endocrinology of reproduction. In: Eckstein P., and Knowles F. (Eds). Techniques in endocrine research (1963), Academic Press, New York 231-243
159. Smiley J. Moo (1995), Alfred A. Knopf., New York
160. Soloway R.A. The 'perfect contraceptive': Eugenics and birth control research in Britain and American in the interwar years. Journal of Contemporary History 30 (1995) 637-664
161. Strathern M. Reproducing the future: Essays on anthropology, kinship and the new reproductive technologies (1992), Routledge, New York
162. Thompson C. Making parents: The ontological choreography of reproductive technologies (2005), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
163. Thompson, C. (In preparation). Charismatic megafauna and miracle babies: Essays in selective pronatalism. (Available at http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/sociology/pdf/RabinowandRose-BiopowerToday03.pdf)
164. True, A. C. (1937). A history of agricultural experimentation and research in the United States, l607-1925. Washington, DC: Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Pub. 251.
165. True, A. C., & Clark, V. A. (1900). The agricultural experiment stations in the United States. USDA Bulletin, No. 80. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
166. Turner J. After a hundred years: The yearbook of agriculture, 1962 (1962), Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
167. University of Cambridge, School of Agriculture. (1935). Handbook of the School of Agriculture, Cambridge University. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
168. Van Dijk J. The transparent body: A cultural analysis of medical imaging (2005), University of Washington Press, Seattle
169. Vernon K. Science for the farmer? Agricultural research in England 1909-36. Twentieth Century British History 8 (1997) 310-333
170. Wilmot, S. (1990). 'The Business of improvement': Agriculture and scientific culture in Britain, c1770-c1870. Historical Geography Research Series No. 24. Bristol: Historical Geography Research Group.
171. In: Wiser V., Mark L., and Purchase H.G. (Eds). 100 years of animal health (1987), Associates of the National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD
172. Yoxen E. Life as a productive force: Capitalizing the science and technology of molecular biology. In: Levidow L., and Young R. (Eds). Science technology and the labour process (1981), Free Association Books, London 66-122
173. Yoxen E. Giving life a new meaning: The rise of the molecular biology establishment. In: Elias N., Martins H., and Whitley R. (Eds). Scientific establishment and hierarchies (1982), D. Reidel Publishing Company, Boston, MA 123-143