Nutrition Support in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 297-312

  O'Keefe, Stephen J D ^a   Sharma, Sumit ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PANCREATITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INFLAMMATION; NUTRITION; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; REVIEW; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION;

HUMANS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PANCREATITIS, ACUTE NECROTIZING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34249046008     PISSN: 08898553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2007.03.009     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Shaw J.H., and Wolfe R.R. Glucose, fatty acid, and urea kinetics in patients with severe pancreatitis. The response to substrate infusion and total parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 204 (1986) 665-672
2. Sitzmann J., Steinborn P., Zinner M., et al. Total parenteral nutrition and alternate energy substrates in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 168 (1989) 311-316
3. O'Keefe S.J.D., Lee R.B., and Clore J. Enteral feeding during acute pancreatitis is associated with preserved trypsin synthesis and increased splanchnic protein metabolism. Gastroenterology 126 4 (2004) A-91
4. Stephen J.D., O'Keefe, Neeraj Kaushik, Barbara Stoll, et al. The impact of disease severity on protein metabolism in acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 132 4 (2007) A62
5. Makhija R., and Kingsnorth A.N. Cytokine storm in acute pancreatitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9 4 (2002) 401-410
6. Bhatia M., Wong F.L., Cao Y., et al. Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. [review]. Pancreatology 5 2-3 (2005) 132-144 [Epub 2005 Apr 21]
7. Steer M.L. The early intracellular cell events which occurred during acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 17 1 (1988) 31-37
8. Leach S.D., Modlin I.M., Scheele G.A., et al. Intracellular activation of digestive zymogens in rat pancreatic acini. J Clin Invest 87 (1991) 362-366
9. Shi C., Zhao X., Wang X., et al. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B, reactive oxygen species and cellular signaling in the early phase of acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 40 1 (2005) 103-108
10. Liu H.S., Pan C.E., Liu Q.G., et al. Effect of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK in activated monocytes/macrophages on pro-inflammatory cytokines of rats with acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 9 11 (2003) 2513-2518
11. Vaquero E., Gukovsky I., Zaninovic V., et al. Localized pancreatic NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory response in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280 6 (2001) G1197-G1208
12. Leindler L., Morschl E., Laszlo F., et al. Importance of cytokines, nitric oxide, and apoptosis in the pathological process of necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 29 2 (2004) 157-161
13. Inoue K., Hirota M., Kimura Y., et al. Further evidence for endothelin as an important mediator of pancreatic and intestinal ischemia in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 26 3 (2003) 218-223
14. Fong Y.M., Marano M.A., Moldawer L.L., et al. The acute splanchnic and peripheral tissue metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. J Clin Invest 85 6 (1990) 1896-1904
15. Ammori B.J. Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis. [review]. Pancreas 26 2 (2003) 122-129
16. Shi C., Andersson R., Zhao X., et al. Potential role of reactive oxygen species in pancreatitis-associated multiple organ dysfunction. Pancreatology 5 4-5 (2005) 492-500
17. Zhao X., Dib M., Andersson E., et al. Alterations of adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory mediators in acute lung injury induced by septic and non-septic challenges. Lung 183 2 (2005) 87-100
18. Jaffray C., Yang J., Carter G., et al. Pancreatic elastase activates pulmonary nuclear factor kappa B and inhibitory kappa B, mimicking pancreatitis-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery 128 2 (2000) 225-231
19. Hietaranta A., Mustonen H., Puolakkainen P., et al. Proinflammatory effects of pancreatic elastase are mediated through TLR4 and NF-kappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323 1 (2004) 192-196
20. Bhatia M. Inflammatory response on the pancreatic acinar cell injury. Scand J Surg 94 2 (2005) 97-102
21. Hirota M., Inoue K., Kimura Y., et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and its associated intestinal gangrene in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 3 4 (2003) 316-322
22. Rahman S.H., Ammori B.J., Holmfield J., et al. Intestinal hypoperfusion contributes to gut barrier failure in severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastrointest Surg 7 1 (2003) 26-35 [discussion: 35-6]
23. Dahly E.M., Gillingham M.B., Guo Z., et al. Role of luminal nutrients and endogenous GLP-2 in intestinal adaptation to mid-small bowel resection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284 4 (2003) G670-G682
24. Murphy M.S. Growth factors and the gastrointestinal tract. [review]. Nutrition 14 10 (1998) 771-774
25. Plusczyk T., Witzel B., Menger M.D., et al. ETA and ETB receptor function in pancreatitis-associated microcirculatory failure, inflammation, and parenchymal injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285 1 (2003) G145-G153
26. Moore F.A., Feliciano D.V., Andrassy R.J., et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 216 2 (1992) 172-183
27. Moore F.A., Moore E.E., Kudsk K.A., et al. Clinical benefits of an immune-enhancing diet for early postinjury enteral feeding. J Trauma 37 4 (1994) 607-615
28. Owen R.L. Sequential uptake of horseradish peroxidase by lymphoid follicle epithelium of Peyer's patches in the normal unobstructed mouse intestine: an ultrastructural study. Gastroenterology 72 3 (1977) 440-451
29. Lebman D.A., and Coffman R.L. Cytokines in the mucosal immune system. In: Ogra P.L., Lamm M.E., McGhee J.R., et al. (Eds). Handbook of mucosal immunology (1994), Academic, San Diego (CA) 243-249
30. El Kaissouni J., Bene M.C., Thionnois S., et al. Maturation of B cells in the lamina propria of human gut and bronchi in the first months of human life. Dev Immunol 5 3 (1998) 153-159
31. King B.K., Li J., and Kudsk K.A. A temporal study of TPN-induced changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and mucosal immunity. Arch Surg 132 12 (1997) 1303-1309
32. Wu Y., Kudsk K.A., DeWitt R.C., et al. Route and type of nutrition influence IgA-mediating intestinal cytokines. Ann Surg 229 5 (1999) 662-667 [discussion: 667-8]
33. King B.K., Kudsk K.A., Li J., et al. Route and type of nutrition influence mucosal immunity to bacterial pneumonia. Ann Surg 229 2 (1999) 272-278
34. Fukatsu K., Zarzaur B.L., Johnson C., et al. MAdCAM-1 expression in Peyer patches: a mechanism controlling gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Surg Forum 51 (2000) 211-214
35. Burke D.J., Alverdy J.C., Aoys E., et al. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. Arch Surg 124 12 (1989) 1396-1399
36. DeWitt R.C., Wu Y., Renegar K.B., et al. Bombesin recovers gut-associated lymphoid tissue and preserves immunity to bacterial pneumonia in mice receiving total parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 231 1 (2000) 1-8
37. Moore F.A., Moore E.E., and Sauaia A. Postinjury multiple-organ failure. In: Mattox K.L., Feliciano D.V., and Moore E.E. (Eds). Trauma. 4th edition (1999), McGraw-Hill, New York 1427-1460
38. van Ginkel FW, Nguyen HH, McGhee JR. Synopsis. Vaccines for mucosal immunity to combat emerging infectious diseases. Available at: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no2/vanginkle.htm. Accessed May 3, 2007.
39. O'Keefe S.J.D., Lee R.B., Li J., et al. Trypsin and splanchnic protein turnover during feeding and fasting in human subjects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 2 (2006) G213-G221
40. Abou-Assi S., Craig K., and O'Keefe S.J.D. Hypocaloric jejunal feeding is better than total parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol 97 9 (2002) 2255-2262
41. Cahill Jr. G.J., Owen O.E., and Morgan A.P. The consumption of fuels during prolonged starvation. Adv Enzyme Regul 6 (1968) 143-150
42. Austrums E., Pupelis G., and Snippe K. Postoperative enteral stimulation by gut feeding improves outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis. Nutrition 19 6 (2003) 487-491
43. Sax H.C., Warner B.W., Talamini M.A., et al. Early total parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: lack of beneficial effects. Am J Surg 153 (1987) 117-124
44. Fink M.P. Gastrointestinal mucosal injury in experimental models of shock, trauma and sepsis. Crit Care Med 19 (1991) 627-641
45. Kudsk K.A., Minard G., Wojtysiac S.L., et al. Visceral protein response to enteral versus parenteral nutrition and sepsis in patients with trauma. Surgery 116 (1994) 516-523
46. Pooran N., Indaram A., Singh P., et al. Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF): early and reliable predictors of severe acute pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 37 3 (2003) 263-266
47. Fong Y.M., Marano M.A., Barber A., et al. Total parenteral nutrition and bowel rest modify the metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. Ann Surg 210 4 (1989) 449-456
48. Fukatsu K., Zarzaur B.L., Johnson C.D., et al. Lack of enteral feeding increases expression of E-selectin after LPS challenge. J Surg Res 97 1 (2001) 41-48
49. Beger H.G., Bittner R., Block S., et al. Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis. A prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology 91 2 (1986) 433-438
50. Gray K.D., Simovic M.O., Chapman W.C., et al. Endotoxin potentiates lung injury in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Am J Surg 186 5 (2003) 526-530
51. O'Keefe S.J.D., Lee R.B., Anderson F.P., et al. The physiological effects of enteral and parenteral feeding on pancreatic enzyme secretion in humans. Am J Physiol 284 (2003) 27-36
52. O'Keefe S.J.D., Moldawer L.L., Young V.R., et al. The influence of intravenous nutrition on protein dynamics following surgery. Metabolism 30 12 (1981) 1150-1158
53. Van den Berghe G., Wouters P., Weekers F., et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1359-1367
54. Van den Berghe G. How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care?. J Clin Invest 114 9 (2004) 1187-1195
55. McClave S.A., Greene L.M., Snider H.L., et al. Comparison of the safety of early enteral vs parenteral in mild acute pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 21 (1997) 14-20
56. Windsor A.C., Kanwar S., Li A.G., et al. Compared with parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding attenuates the acute phase response, and improves disease severity in acute pancreatitis. Gut 42 (1998) 431-435
57. Kalfarentzos F., Kehagias J., Mead M., et al. Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis. Results of a randomized perspective trial. Br J Surg 84 12 (1997) 1665-1669
58. Eatock F.C., Chong P., Menezes N., et al. A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 100 (2005) 432-439
59. Marik P.E., and Zaloga G.P. Meta-analysis of parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br Med J 328 7453 (2004) 1407-1413
60. O'Keefe S.J., Broderick T., Turner M., et al. Nutrition in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 1 (2003) 315-321
61. Modena L.T., Cevasco L.B., Basto C.A., et al. Total enteral nutrition as prophylactic therapy for pancreatic necrosis infection in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 6 (2006) 58-64
62. Eckerwall G.E., Axelsson J.B., and Andersson R.G. Early nasogastric feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 244 6 (2006) 959-967
63. Kaushik N., and O'Keefe S.J. Nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 6 4 (2004) 320-326
64. Vu M.K., Van Der Veek P., Frolich M., et al. Does jejunal feeding activate exocrine pancreatic secretion?. Eur J Clin Invest 29 12 (1999) 1053-1059
65. O'Keefe S.J.D., and McClave S.A. Feeding the injured pancreas. Gastroenterology 129 30 (2005) 1129-1130
66. Kumar A., Singh N., Prakash S., et al. Early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing nasojejunal and nasogastric routes. J Clin Gastroenterol 40 (2006) 431-434
67. Heyland D.K., Drover J.W., MacDonald S., et al. Effect of postpyloric feeding on gastroesophageal regurgitation and pulmonary microaspiration: results of a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 29 8 (2001) 1495-1501
68. Van Citters G.W., and Lin H.C. The ileal brake: a fifteen-year progress report. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 1 (1999) 404-409
69. O'Keefe SJD. What's the best approach to early feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis? Point-counterpoint: jejunal feeding is the best approach: AGA Perspectives. 2006;2(2):17-9.
70. O'Keefe S.J.D., Foody W., and Gill S. Transnasal endoscopic placement of feeding tubes in the intensive care unit. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 27 5 (2003) 349-354
71. Layer P., Peschel S., Schlesinger T., et al. Human pancreatic secretion and intestinal motility: effects of ileal nutrient perfusion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285 21 (1990) G196-G201
72. Keller J., Holst J.J., and Layer P. Inhibition of human pancreatic and biliary output but not intestinal motility by physiological intraileal lipid loads. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 4 (2006) G704-G709
73. Niebergall-Roth E., Teyssen S., Niebel W., et al. Pancreatic secretory response to intraileal amino acids. Int J Pancreatol 28 2 (2000) 83-90
74. Naruse S., Kitagawa M., Ishiguro H., et al. Feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion by peptide YY. Peptides 23 (2002) 359-365
75. Grise K.R., and McFadden D.W. Peptide YY improves local and systemic parameters and prevents death in lethal necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 24 1 (2002) 90-95
76. Robinson K., Vona-Davis L., Riggs D., et al. Peptide YY attenuates STAT1 and STAT3 activation induced by TNF-alpha in acinar cell line AR42J. J Am Coll Surg 202 5 (2006) 788-796
77. Buter A., Imrie C.W., Carter C.R., et al. Dynamic nature of early organ dysfunction determines outcome in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 89 3 (2002) 298-302
78. Johnson C.D., and Abu-Hilal M. Persistent organ failure during the first week as a marker of fatal outcome in acute pancreatitis. Gut 53 9 (2004) 1340-1344
79. Heyland D.K., Drover J.W., Dhaliwal R., et al. Optimizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of enteral nutrition in the critically-ill: role of small bowel feeding. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 26 (2002) S51-S57