Gender role identity and stress in African American women

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 93-104

  Littlefield, Melissa B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

African American women; Role identity; Stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248602920     PISSN: 10911359     EISSN: 15403556     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J137v08n04_06     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Barnett, R.C. (1993). Multiple roles, gender, and psychological distress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.), pp. 427-445. New York, NY: The Free Press.
2. Bem, S.L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
3. Billingsley, A. (1992). Climbing Jacob’s ladder: The enduring legacy of African American families. New York: Simon and Schuster.
4. Bromberger, J.T. & Matthews, K.A. (1996). A “feminine” model of vulnerability to depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation ofmiddle-aged women. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70(3), 591-598.
5. Collins, P.H. (2000). Gender, black feminism and black political economy. Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, 568, 41-53.
6. Collins, P.H. (1991). The meaning of motherhood in black culture. In R. Staples (Ed.), The black family: Essays and studies (pp. 169-177). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
7. Davis, A.Y. (1981). Women, race and class. New York: Vintage Books.
8. Giddings, P. (1984). When and where I enter: The impact of black women on race and sex in America. New York: William Morrow and Company.
9. Hatzenbuehler, L.C. & Joe, V. C. (1981). Stress and androgyny: A preliminary study. Psychological Reports, 48, 327-332.
10. Heilburn, Jr., A.B. & Han, Y.L. (1986). Sex differences in the adaptive value of androgyny. Psychological Reports, 59, 1023-1026.
11. Hill, R. (1999). The strengths of black families: 20 years later. New York: Emerson Hall Publishers, Inc.
12. Kanner, A.D., Coyne, J.C., Schaefer, C., & Lazarus, R.S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1).
13. Kessler, R. C. (2000). Gender differences in major depression: Epidemiological findings. In F. Ellen (Ed.), Gender and its effects on psychopathology. American Psychopathological Association series (pp. 61-84). Washington, DC: US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
14. Ladner, J. (1971). Tomorrow’s tomorrow: The black woman. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, Inc.
15. Lewis, E. (1989). Role strain in African American women: The efficacy of support networks. Journal of Black Studies, 20(2), 155-169.
16. Littlefield, M.B. (in press). A womanist perspective for social work with African American women. Social Thought: Journal of Religion in the Social Services.
17. Lubinski, D., Tellegen, A., & Butcher, J. N. (1981). The relationship between androgyny and subjective indicators of emotional well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(4), 722-730.
18. Malson, M.R. (1983). Black women’s sex roles: The social context for a new ideology. Journal of Social Issues, 39(3), 103-113.
19. McAdoo, H.P. (1995). Stress levels, family help patterns, and religiosity in middle and working class African American single mothers. Journal of Black Psychology, 27(4), 424-449.
20. McAdoo, H. (1986). Strategies used by black single mothers against stress. In M.C. Simms & J. Malveaux (Eds.), Slipping through the cracks: The status of black women (pp. 153-165). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
21. National Association of Social Workers (2001). NASW standards for cultural competence in social work practice. Washington, DC.
22. Nezu, A.M. & Nezu, C.M. (1987). Psychological distress, problem solving, and coping reactions: Sex role differences. Sex Roles, 76(3/4), 205-214.
23. Nezu, A.M. & Nezu, C.M. (1986). Negative life stress, social support, and depressive symptoms: Sex roles as a moderator variable. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7(4), 599-609.
24. Olds, D.E. & Shaver, P. (1980). Masculinity, femininity, academic performance, and health: Further evidence concerning the androgyny controversy. Journal ofPer-sonality, 48(3), 323-341.
25. Romer, N. (1980). The sex role cycle: Socialization from infancy to old age. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press.
26. Roos, P.E. & Cohen, L.H. (1987). Sex roles and social support as moderators of life stress adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 576-585.
27. Shaw, J. (1982). Psychological androgyny and stressful life events. Journal ofPer-sonality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 145-153.
28. Stack, C. (1991). Sex roles and survival strategies in an urban black community. In R. Staples (Ed.) (4th ed.), The black family: Essays and studies. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
29. Stockard, J. & Johnson, M. (1980). Sex roles. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
30. Thoits, P.A. (1991). Gender differences in coping with emotional distress. In J. Eckenrode (Ed.). The social context of coping. The Plenum series on stress and coping (pp. 107-138). New York, NY, US: Plenum Press.
31. Thomas, V. (1986). Sex roles: A synthesis and critique of selective measurement and research. Washington, DC: Howard University, Institute of Urban Affairs and Research.
32. Wethington, B. & Kessler, R.C. (1993). Neglected methodological issues in employment stress. In B.C. Long & S.E. Kahn (Eds.), Women, work, and coping: A multidisciplinary approach to workplace stress. Critical perspectives on public affairs (pp. 269-295). Montreal, PQ, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
33. Wulff, M.B. & Seitz, J.A. (1997). Curricular track, career choice, and androgyny among adolescent females. Adolescence, 32(spring), 43-49.
34. Zinn, M.B. & Dill, B.T. (1996). Theorizing difference from multiracial feminism. Feminist Studies, 22(2), 321-331.