Theorizing difference from multiracial feminism

Feminist Studies

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 321-331

  Zinn, Maxine Baca ^a   Dill, Bonnie Thornton ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030163370     PISSN: 00463663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3178416     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Maxine Baca Zinn, Lynn Weber Cannon, Elizabeth Higginbotham, and Bonnie Thornton Dill, "The Costs of Exclusionary Practices in Women's Studies," Signs 11 (winter 1986): 290-303.
2. Chela Sandoval, "U.S. Third World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness in the Postmodern World," Genders (spring 1991): 1-24.
3. Ruth Frankenberg and Lata Mani, "Cross Currents, Crosstalk: Race, 'Postcoloniality,' and the Politics of Location," Cultural Studies 7 (May 1993): 292-310.
4. We use the term "multiracial feminism" to convey the multiplicity of racial groups and feminist perspectives.
5. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
6. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
7. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
8. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
9. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
10. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
11. A growing body of work on difference in feminist thought now exists. Although we cannot cite all the current work, the following are representative: Michèle Barrett, "The Concept of Difference," Feminist Review 26 (July 1987): 29-42; Christina Crosby, "Dealing with Difference," in Feminists Theorize the Political, ed. Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (New York: Routledge, 1992), 130-43; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "Difference, Diversity, and Divisions in an Agenda for the Women's Movement," in Color, Class, and Country: Experiences of Gender, ed. Gay Young and Bette J. Dickerson (London: Zed Books, 1994), 232-48; Nancy A. Hewitt, "Compounding Differences," Feminist Studies 18 (summer 1992): 313-26; Maria C. Lugones, "On the Logic of Feminist Pluralism," in Feminist Ethics, ed. Claudia Card (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991), 35-44; Rita S. Gallin and Anne Ferguson, "The Plurality of Feminism: Rethinking 'Difference,'" in The Woman and International Development Annual (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 3: 1-16; and Linda Gordon, "On Difference," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 91-111.
12. Susan Bordo, "Feminism, Postmodernism, and Gender Skepticism," in Feminism/Postmodernism, ed. Linda J. Nicholson (London: Routledge, 1990), 133-56.
13. Sandra G. Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 179.
14. Crosby, 131.
15. Fox-Genovese, 232.
16. Faye Ginsberg and Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, Introduction to Uncertain Terms, Negotiating Gender in American Culture, ed. Faye Ginsberg and Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing (Boston: Beacon Press, 1990), 3.
17. Sandoval, 2.
18. Sandra Morgan, "Making Connections: Socialist-Feminist Challenges to Marxist Scholarship," in Women and a New Academy: Gender and Cultural Contexts, ed. Jean F. O'Barr (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989), 149.
19. Jane Rowland Martin, "Methodological Essentialism, False Difference, and Other Dangerous Traps," Signs 19 (spring 1994): 647.
20. Barrett, 32.
21. bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), 21.
22. Lugones, 35-44.
23. Patricia Hill Collins, Foreword to Women of Color in U.S. Society, ed. Maxine Baca Zinn and Bonnie Thornton Dill (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994), xv.
24. Patricia Hill Collins, "Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought," Social Problems 33 (December 1986): 514-32.
25. Sandoval, 1.
26. Alison M. Jagger and Paula S. Rothenberg, Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations between Women and Men, 3d ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993).
27. Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s, 2d ed. (New York: Routledge, 1994).
28. Ruth Frankenberg, The Social Construction of Whiteness: White Women, Race Matters (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993).
29. Evelyn Nakano Glenn, "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor," Signs 18 (autumn 1992): 3. See also Bonnie Thornton Dill, "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Journal of Family History 13, no. 4 (1988): 415-31.
30. Evelyn Nakano Glenn, "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor," Signs 18 (autumn 1992): 3. See also Bonnie Thornton Dill, "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Journal of Family History 13, no. 4 (1988): 415-31.
31. Morgan, 146.
32. Maxine Baca Zinn and Bonnie Thornton Dill, "Difference and Domination," in Women of Color in U.S. Society, 11-12.
33. See Omi and Winant, 53-76, for a discussion of racial formation.
34. Margaret L. Andersen and Patricia Hill Collins, Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1992), xvi.
35. Omi and Winant.
36. Nazli Kibria, "Migration and Vietnamese American Women: Remaking Ethnicity," in Women of Color in U.S. Society, 247-61.
37. Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990).
38. Elizabeth Spelman, Inessential Women: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought (Boston: Beacon Press, 1988), 136.
39. Several discussions of difference make this point. See Baca Zinn and Dill, 10; Gordon, 106; and Lynn Weber, in the "Symposium on West and Fenstermaker's 'Doing Difference,1" Gender & Society 9 (August 1995): 515-19.
40. Glenn, 10.
41. Gordon, 106.
42. Chandra Talpade Mohanty, "Cartographies of Struggle: Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism," in Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, ed. Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 13.
43. Frankenberg and Mani, 306.
44. Norma Alarçon, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Making Face, Making Soul, Haciendo Coras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Women of Color, ed. Gloria Anzaldúa (San Francisco: Aunt Lute, 1990), 356.
45. Frankenberg. See also Evelyn Torton Beck, "The Politics of Jewish Invisibility," NWSA Journal (fall 1988): 93-102.