Metabolic syndrome: Recent prevalence in East and Southeast Asian populations

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 362-367

  Nestel, Paul ^a   Lyu, Ramon ^b   Lip, Ping Low ^c   Sheu, Wayne Huey Hernig ^d   Nitiyanant, Wannee ^e   Saito, Ikuo ^f   Chee, Eng Tan ^g  

^a BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

^c MOUNT ELIZABETH MEDICAL CENTRE   (Singapore)

^d TAICHUNG VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^e MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^f KEIO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^g GLENEAGLES HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; East and Southeast Asia; Epidemiology; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; ETHNOLOGY; FAR EAST; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOUTHEAST ASIA; WAIST HIP RATIO;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FAR EAST; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; WAIST-HIP RATIO;

EID: 34248572575     PISSN: 09647058     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Hanefeld M, Leonhardt W. Das metabolische Syndrom. Deutsches Gesundheitswesen 1981;36:545-551.
2. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multi-faceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991;14:173-194.
3. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:1514-1520.
4. World Health Organization Consultation Report. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications.1999.
5. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (AdultTreatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-2497.
6. Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:427-436.
7. Ford ES, Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care 2003;26:575-581.
8. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002;287:356-359.
9. Balkau B, Charles MA, Drivsholm T, Wareham N, Yudkin JS, Morris R, Zavaroni I van Dam R, Feskens E, Gabriel R, Diet M, Nisson P, Hedblad B . Frequency of the WHO metabolic syndrome in European cohorts, and an alternative definition of an insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Metab 2002;28:364-376.
10. Anand SS, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, teo K, Davis B, Montague P, Yusuf S. Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic Groups; Study of Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation in Aboriginal Peoples Investigators. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003;108:420-425.
11. AusDiab Steering Committee. Diabesity & associated disorders in Australia - 2000: the accelerating epidemic. The International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. 2001.
12. Park HS, Yun YS, Park JY, Kim YS, Choi JM. Obesity, abdominal obesity, and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003;12:411-418.
13. Hughes K, Aw TC, Kuperan P, Choo M. Central obesity, insulin resistance, syndrome X, lipoprotein(a), and cardiovascular risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997;51:394-399.
14. Tan CE, Ma S, Wai D, Chew SK, Tai ES. Can we apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians? Diabetes Care 2004;27:1182-1186.
15. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005.
16. Dou XF, Zhang HY, Sun K, Wang DW, Liao YH, Ma AQ, Zhu ZM, Zhao BR, Zhao JZ, Hui RT. Metabolic syndrome strongly linked to stroke in Chinese. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2004;84:539-542.
17. Kim MH, Kim MK, Choi BY, Shin YJ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its association with cardiovascular diseases in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2004;19:195-201.
18. Chuang SY, Chen CH, Tsai ST, Chou P. Clinical identification of the metabolic syndrome in Kinmen. Acta Cardiol Sin 2002;18:16-23.
19. Thomas GN, Ho S, Janus ED, for the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study Steering Committee. The US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 64:71-82.
20. Nakanishi N, Takatorige T, Fukuda H, Shirai K, Li W, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Matsuo Y, Suzuki K, Tatara K. Components of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;64:59-70.
21. Tanchoco CC, Cruz AJ, Duante CA, Litonjua AD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Filipino adults aged 20 years and over. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003;12:271-276.
22. Jia WP, Xiang KS, Chen L, Lu JX, Wu YM. Epidemiological study on obesity and its comorbidities in urban Chinese older than 20 years of age in Shanghai, China. Obes Rev 2002;3:157-165.
23. Further Study Of Risk Factors For Stroke And Coronary Heart Disease group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a 11 provinces cohort in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002 ;36:298-300.
24. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363:157-163.
25. Chang CJ, Wu CH, Chang CS, Yao WJ, Yang YC, Wu JS, Lu FH. Low body mass index but high percent body fat in Taiwanese subjects: implications of obesity cutoffs. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:253-259.
26. Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Guricci S. Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/body fat per cent relationship. Obes Rev 2002;3:141-146.
27. Ko GT, Tang J, Chan JC, Sung R, Wu MM, Mai HP, Chen R. Lower BMI cut-off value to define obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: an analysis based on body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance. Br J Nutr 2001 ;85:239-242.
28. Gurrici S, Hartriyanti Y, Hautvast JG, Deurenberg P. Relationship between body fat and body mass index: differences between Indonesians and Dutch Caucasians. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998 ;52:779-783.
29. Wang J, Thornton JC, Russell M, Burastero S, Heymsfield S, Pierson RN Jr. Asians have lower body mass index (BMI) but higher percent body fat than do whites: comparisons of anthropometric measurements. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:23-28.
30. Lee WY, Park JS, Noh SY, Rhee EJ, Kim SW, Zimmet PZ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among 40,698 Korean metropolitan subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;65:143-149.
31. Oh JY, Hong YS, Sung YA, Barrett-Connor E. Prevalence and factor analysis of metabolic syndrome in an urban Korean population. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2027-2032.
32. Punzalan FE, Sy RG, Ty-Willing T. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult Filipinos. Int Congr Ser 2004;1262:442-445.
33. He Y, Jiang B, Wang J, Feng K, Chang Q, Fan L, Li X, Hu FB. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to cardiovascular disease in an elderly Chinese population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1588-1594.
34. Gu D,Gupta A, Muntner P, Hu S, Duan X, Chen J, Reynolds RF, Whelton PK, He J. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering among the adult population of China. Circulation 2005;112:658-665.
35. Bei-Fan Z; Cooperative Meta-Analysis Group of Working Group on Obesity in China. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults: study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11 Suppl 8:S685-693.
36. Li G, Chen X, Jang Y, Wang J, Xing X, Yang W, Hu Y. Obesity, coronary heart disease risk factors and diabetes in Chinese: an approach to the criteria of obesity in the Chinese population. Obes Rev 2002;3:167-172.
37. Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes 2003;52:1210-1214.
38. Wu GX, Wu ZS, Liu J, Wang W, Zhao D, Hou L, Zeng ZC, Wang WH, Liu J, Qin LP, Liu S. A study on the incidence of cardiovascular disease on the metabolic syndrome in 11 provinces in China. Zhonghua Liu XingBing Xue Za Zhi 2003;24:551-553.
39. Ninomiya JK, L'Italien G, Criqui MH, Whyte JL, Gamst A, Chen RS. Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Circulation 2004;109:42-46.
40. Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Oberhollenzer F, Egger G, Bonadonna RC, Muggeo M; Bruneck study.. Carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in the metabolic syndrome: prospective data from the Bruneck study. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1251-1257.
41. Sattar N, Gaw A, Scherbakova O, Ford I, O'Reilly DS, Haffner SM, Isles C, Macfarlane PW, Packard CJ, Cobbe SM, Shepherd J. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2003;108:414-419.
42. Sung RY, Tong PC, Yu CW, Lau PW, Mok GT, Yam MC, Lam PK, Chen JC. High prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese pre-adolescent Hong Kong Chinese children aged 9-12 years. Diabetes Care 2003;26:250-251.
43. Park HS, Oh SW, Cho SI, Choi WH, Kim YS. The metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyle factors among South Korean adults. Int J Epidemiol 2004;33:328-336.
44. Jia WP, Xiang KS, Chen L, Lu JX, Bao YQ, Wu YM, Jiang SY. A comparison of the application of two working definitions of metabolic syndrome in Chinese population. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2004;84:534-538.