Identification and characterization of the Vibrio vulnificus rtxA essential for cytotoxicity in vitro and virulence in mice

Journal of Microbiology

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 146-152

  Jeong, Hyun Lee ^a   Myung, Won Kim ^a   Byoung, Sik Kim ^a   Seung, Min Kim ^a   Byung, Cheol Lee ^b   Tae, Sung Kim ^b   Sang, Ho Choi ^a  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^b Korea University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Cytotoxicity; RtxA; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL TOXIN; RTXA PROTEIN, BACTERIA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; CYTOLOGY; EPITHELIUM CELL; FEMALE; GENETICS; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MOUSE; MUTATION; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOLOGY; VIBRIO VULNIFICUS; VIRULENCE; WESTERN BLOTTING;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; EPITHELIAL CELLS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MICE; MUTATION; VIBRIO INFECTIONS; VIBRIO VULNIFICUS; VIRULENCE;

MUS; VIBRIO VULNIFICUS;

EID: 34248208219     PISSN: 12258873     EISSN: 12258873     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Boardman, B.K. and K.J. Satchell. 2004. Vibrio cholerae strains with mutations in an atypical type I secretion system accumulate RTX toxin intracellularly. J. Bacteriol. 186, 8137-8143.
2. Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principles of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254.
3. de Lorenzo, V., M. Herrero, U. Jakubzik, and K.N. Timmis. 1990. Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in Gram-negative eubacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172, 6568-6572.
4. Fullner, K.J. and J.J. Mekalanos. 2000. In vivo covalent cross-linking of cellular actin by the Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin. EMBO J. 19, 5315-5323.
5. Gulig, P.A., K.L. Bourdage, and A.M. Starks. 2005. Molecular pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. J. Microbiol. 43, 118-131.
6. Hensel, M., J.E. Shea, C. Gleeson, M.D. Jones, E. Dalton, and D.W. Holden. 1995. Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. Science 269, 400-403.
7. Jeong, H.S., M.H. Lee, K.H. Lee, S.J. Park, and S.H. Choi. 2003. SmcR and cyclic AMP receptor protein coactivate Vibrio vulnificus vvpE encoding elastase through the RpoS-dependent promoter in a synergistic manner. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 45072-45081.
8. Jeong, K.C., H.S. Jeong, J.H. Rhee, S.E. Lee, S.S. Chung, A.M. Starks, G.M. Escudero, P.A. Gulig, and S.H. Choi. 2000. Construction and phenotypic evaluation of Vibrio vulnificus vvpE mutant for elastolytic protease. Infect. Immun. 68, 5096-5106.
9. Ju, H.M., I.G. Hwang, G.J. Woo, T.S. Kim, and S.H. Choi. 2005. Identification of the Vibrio vulnificus fexA gene and evaluation of its influence on virulence. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15, 1337-1345.
10. Kachlany, S.C., D.H. Fine, and D.H. Figurski. 2002. Purification of secreted leukotoxin (LtxA) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Protein Expr. Purif. 25, 465-471.
11. Kim, H.J., J.H. Lee, J.E. Rhee, H.S. Jeong, H.K. Choi, H.J. Chung, S. Ryu, and S.H. Choi. 2002. Identification and functional analysis of the putAP genes encoding Vibrio vulnificus proline dehydrogenase and proline permease. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12, 318-326.
12. Kim, Y.R., S.E. Lee, C.M. Kim, S.Y. Kim, E.K. Shin, D.H. Shin, S.S. Chung, H.E. Choy, A. Progulske-Fox, J.D. Hillman, M. Handfield, and J.H. Rhee. 2003. Characterization and pathogenic significance of Vibrio vulnificus antigens preferentially expressed in septicemic patients. Infect. Immun. 71, 5461-5471.
13. Laemmli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacterophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.
14. Lally, E.T., R.B. Hill, I.R. Kieba, and J. Korostoff. 1999. The interaction between RTX toxins and target cells. Trends Microbiol. 7, 356-361.
15. Lee, S.H. and A. Camilli. 2000. Novel approaches to monitor bacterial gene expression in infected tissue and host. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3, 97-101.
16. Lee, B.C., S.H. Choi, and T.S. Kim. 2003a. Application of sulforhodamine B assay for determining cytotoxicity of Vibrio vulnificus against human intestinal cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14, 350-355.
17. Lee, J.H., N.Y. Park, S.J. Park, and S.H. Choib. 2003b. Identification and characterization of the Vibrio vulnificus phosphomannomutase gene. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13, 149-154.
18. Lee, J.H., S.Y. Jeong, and S.H. Choi. 2006. Regulatory characteristics of the Vibrio vulnificus putAP operon encoding proline dehydrogenase and proline permease. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16, 1285-1291.
19. Lee, J.H. and S.H. Choi. 2006. Coactivation of Vibrio vulnificus putAP operon by cAMP receptor protein and PutR through cooperative binding to overlapping sites. Mol. Microbiol. 60, 513-524.
20. Lin, W., K.J. Fullner, R. Clayton, J.A. Sexton, M.B. Rogers, K.E. Calia, S.B. Calderwood, C. Fraser, and J. Mekalanos. 1999. Identification of a Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin gene cluster that is tightly linked to the cholera toxin prophage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96, 1071-1076.
21. Linkous, D.A. and J.D. Oliver. 1999. Pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 174, 207-214.
22. Mahan, M.J., J.M. Slauch, and J.J. Mekalanos. 1993. Selection of bacterial virulence genes that are specifically induced in host tissues. Science 259, 686-688.
23. Mekalanos, J.J. 1992. Environmental signals controlling expression of virulence determinants in bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 174, 1-7.
24. Miller, V.L. and J.J. Mekalanos. 1988. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J. Bacteriol. 170, 2575-2583.
25. Milton, D.L., R. O'Toole, P. Horstedt, and H. Wolf-Watz. 1996. Flagellin A is essential for the virulence of Vibrio anguillarum. J. Bacteriol. 178, 1310-1319.
26. Murphy, K.C., K.G. Campellone, and A.R. Poteete. 2000. PCR-mediated gene replacement in Escherichia coli. Gene 246, 321-330.
27. Oka, A., H. Sugisaki, and M. Takanami. 1981. Nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn903. J. Mol. Biol. 147, 217-226.
28. Park, N.Y., J.H. Lee, B.C. Lee, T.S. Kim, and S.H. Choi. 2006a. Identification and characterization of the wbpO gene essential for lipopolysaccharide synthesis in Vibrio vulnificus. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16, 808-816.
29. Park, N.Y., J.H. Lee, M.W. Kim, H.G. Jeong, B.C. Lee, T.S. Kim, and S.H. Choi. 2006b. Identificatioin of Vibrio vulnificus wbpP gene and evaluation of its role in virulence. Infect. Immun. 74, 721-728.
30. Park, S.G., C.W. Kho, S. Cho, D.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, and B.C. Park. 2002. A functional proteomic analysis of secreted fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis 168 using a combined method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and zymography. Proteomics 2, 206-211.
31. Reed, L.J. and H. Muench. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am. J. Hyg. 27, 439-497.
32. Rhee, J.E., H.M. Ju, U. Park, BC. Park, and S.H. Choi. 2004. Identification of the Vibrio vulnificus cadC and evaluation of its role in acid tolerance. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14, 1093-1098.
33. Rhee, J.E., J.H. Rhee, P.Y. Ryu, and S.H. Choi. 2002. Identification of the cadBA operon from Vibrio vulnificus and its influence on survival to acid stress. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 208, 245-251.
34. Sheahan, K.L., C.L. Cordero, and K.J. Satchell. 2004. Identification of a domain within the multifunctional Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin that covalently cross-links actin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101, 9798-9803.
35. Strom, M. and R.N. Paranjpye. 2000. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. Microbes Infect. 2, 177-188.
36. Valdivieso-Garcia, A., R.C. Clarke, K. Rahn, A. Durette, D.L. MacLeod, and C.L. Gyles. 1993. Neutral red assay for measurement of quantitative Vero cell cytotoxicity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 1981-1983.