Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reproduction

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 319-343

  Golding, Amit ^a   Haque, Uzma J ^a   Giles, Jon T ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABATACEPT; ADALIMUMAB; BETAMETHASONE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOKINE; DEXAMETHASONE; ESTROGEN; ETANERCEPT; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INFLIXIMAB; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROGESTERONE; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; RITUXIMAB; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ANGIOMA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CESAREAN SECTION; CHEMICAL TERATOGENESIS; CLEFT LIP PALATE; CONGENITAL DISORDER; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG SAFETY; FALLOT TETRALOGY; FEMALE FERTILITY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HALLUX VARUS; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HUMAN; INTESTINE MALROTATION; KIDNEY DISEASE; LACTATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIDE EFFECT; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; VISUAL DISORDER;

ADULT; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; LACTATION; METHOTREXATE; PARITY; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PREGNANCY, HIGH-RISK; SULFASALAZINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 34248150285     PISSN: 0889857X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2007.01.001     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Granirer L.W. Clinical response of rheumatoid arthritis to postpartum plasma. J Am Med Assoc 146 11 (1951) 995-997
2. Barrett J.H., Brennan P., Fiddler M., et al. Does rheumatoid arthritis remit during pregnancy and relapse postpartum? Results from a nationwide study in the United Kingdom performed prospectively from late pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 42 6 (1999) 1219-1227
3. Engel A. RA in US adults 1960-62. In: Bennett PH, Wood PHN, editors. Population studies of the rheumatic diseases. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1962. p. 83-100.
4. Brun J.G., Nilssen S., and Kvale G. Breast feeding, other reproductive factors and rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study. Br J Rheumatol 34 6 (1995) 542-546
5. Ostensen M., Forger F., Nelson J.L., et al. Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in pregnancy and decrease post partum. Ann Rheum Dis 64 6 (2005) 839-844
6. Munoz-Valle J.F., Vazquez-Del Mercado M., Garcia-Iglesias T., et al. T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine profile, metalloprotease-9 activity and hormonal status in pregnant rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Exp Immunol 131 2 (2003) 377-384
7. Tchorzewski H., Krasomski G., Biesiada L., et al. IL-12, IL-6 and IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes of pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis remission during pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 9 6 (2000) 289-293
8. Gabriel S.E., Crowson C.S., and O'Fallon W.M. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1955-1985. Arthritis Rheum 42 3 (1999) 415-420
9. Katz P.P. Childbearing decisions and family size among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 55 2 (2006) 217-223
10. Hamilton B.E., and Ventura S.J. Fertility and abortion rates in the United States, 1960-2002. Int J Androl 29 1 (2006) 34-45
11. Reed S.D., Vollan T.A., and Svec M.A. Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis in Washington state. Matern Child Health J 10 4 (2006) 361-366
12. Chakravarty E.F., Nelson L., and Krishnan E. Obstetric hospitalizations in the United States for women with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54 3 (2006) 899-907
13. Hench PS. The reversibility of certain rheumatic and non-rheumatic conditions by the use of cortisone or of the pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone. In: Nobel lectures, physiology or medicine 1942-1962. Stockholm (Sweden); 1964.
14. Hench P.S. The ameliorating effect of pregnancy on chronic atrophic (infectious rheumatoid) arthritis, fibrositis, and intermittent hydrarthrosis. Mayo Clin Proc 13 (1938) 161-180
15. Morris W.I. Pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 9 3 (1969) 136-144
16. Oka M. Effect of pregnancy on the onset and course of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 12 (1953) 227
17. Neely N.T., and Persellin R.H. Activity of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy. Tex Med 73 8 (1977) 59-63
18. Ostensen M., Aune B., and Husby G. Effect of pregnancy and hormonal changes on the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 12 2 (1983) 69-72
19. Klipple G.L., and Cecere F.A. Rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 15 2 (1989) 213-239
20. Dugowson C.E., Nelson J.L., Koepsell T.D., et al. Nulliparity as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 34 (1991) S48
21. Silman A.J. Parity status and the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 28 3-4 (1992) 228-230
22. Pope J.E., Bellamy N., and Stevens A. The lack of associations between rheumatoid arthritis and both nulliparity and infertility. Semin Arthritis Rheum 28 5 (1999) 342-350
23. Karlson E.W., Mandl L.A., Hankinson S.E., et al. Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses' Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 50 11 (2004) 3458-3467
24. Jorgensen C., Picot M.C., Bologna C., et al. Oral contraception, parity, breast feeding, and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 55 2 (1996) 94-98
25. Hargreaves E.R. A survey of rheumatoid arthritis in West Cornwall; a report to the Empire Rheumatism Council. Ann Rheum Dis 17 1 (1958) 61-75
26. Kay A., and Bach F. Subfertility before and after the development of rheumatoid arthritis in women. Ann Rheum Dis 24 (1965) 169-173
27. Del Junco D.J., Annegers J.F., Coulam C.B., et al. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and reproductive function. Br J Rheumatol 28 Suppl 1 (1989) 33 [discussion: 42-5]
28. Nelson J.L., Koepsell T.D., Dugowson C.E., et al. Fecundity before disease onset in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 36 1 (1993) 7-14
29. Ferguson K., and Bole G.G. Family support, health beliefs, and therapeutic compliance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patient Couns Health Educ 1 3 (1979) 101-105
30. Yoshino S., and Uchida S. Sexual problems of women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 62 3 (1981) 122-123
31. Blake D.J., Maisiak R., Alarcon G.S., et al. Sexual quality-of-life of patients with arthritis compared to arthritis-free controls. J Rheumatol 14 3 (1987) 570-576
32. Kaplan D., and Diamond H. Rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 17 (1965) 286-303
33. Spector T.D., and Silman A.J. Is poor pregnancy outcome a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis?. Ann Rheum Dis 49 1 (1990) 12-14
34. Skomsvoll J.F., Ostensen M., Irgens L.M., et al. Obstetrical and neonatal outcome in pregnant patients with rheumatic disease. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 107 (1998) 109-112
35. Bowden A.P., Barrett J.H., Fallow W., et al. Women with inflammatory polyarthritis have babies of lower birth weight. J Rheumatol 28 2 (2001) 355-359
36. de Man Y.A., Dolhain R.J.E.M., van de Geijn F.E., et al. Does rheumatoid arthritis ameliorate during pregnancy? Results from a Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study (the PARA-study). [ACR abstracts]. Arthritis Rheum (2006)
37. Ober C., Hyslop T., Elias S., et al. Human leukocyte antigen matching and fetal loss: results of a 10 year prospective study. Hum Reprod 13 1 (1998) 33-38
38. Komlos L., Zamir R., Joshua H., et al. Common HLA antigens in couples with repeated abortions. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 7 3 (1977) 330-335
39. Krishnan L., Guilbert L.J., Wegmann T.G., et al. T helper 1 response against Leishmania major in pregnant C57BL/6 mice increases implantation failure and fetal resorptions. Correlation with increased IFN-gamma and TNF and reduced IL-10 production by placental cells. J Immunol 156 2 (1996) 653-662
40. Wegmann T.G., Lin H., Guilbert L., et al. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?. Immunol Today 14 7 (1993) 353-356
41. Dresser D.W. The potentiating effect of pregnancy on humoral immune responses of mice. J Reprod Immunol 20 3 (1991) 253-266
42. Russwurm G.P., Mackler A.M., Fagoaga O.R., et al. Soluble human leukocyte antigens, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 38 4 (1997) 256-262
43. Kruse N., Greif M., Moriabadi N.F., et al. Variations in cytokine mRNA expression during normal human pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 119 2 (2000) 317-322
44. Chernyshov V.P., Vodyanik M.A., and Pisareva S.P. Lack of soluble TNF-receptors in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and possibility for its correction. Am J Reprod Immunol 54 5 (2005) 284-291
45. Maymon E., Ghezzi F., Edwin S.S., et al. The tumor necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptor profile in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 5 Pt 1 (1999) 1142-1148
46. Elenkov I.J., Wilder R.L., Bakalov V.K., et al. IL-12, TNF-alpha, and hormonal changes during late pregnancy and early postpartum: implications for autoimmune disease activity during these times. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 10 (2001) 4933-4938
47. Piccinni M.P., and Romagnani S. Regulation of fetal allograft survival by a hormone-controlled Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. Immunol Res 15 2 (1996) 141-150
48. Tagawa N., Hidaka Y., Takano T., et al. Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and their relation to cytokine production during and after normal pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta 340 1-2 (2004) 187-193
49. Matera L., Mori M., Geuna M., et al. Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defense. J Neuroimmunol 109 1 (2000) 47-55
50. Clowse M.E., Magder L.S., Witter F., et al. The impact of increased lupus activity on obstetric outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 52 2 (2005) 514-521
51. Zoli A., Lizzio M.M., Ferlisi E.M., et al. ACTH, cortisol and prolactin in active rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 21 4 (2002) 289-293
52. Sannerstedt R., Lundborg P., Danielsson B.R., et al. Drugs during pregnancy: an issue of risk classification and information to prescribers. Drug Saf 14 2 (1996) 69-77
53. Ostensen M., Khamashta M., Lockshin M., et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 8 3 (2006) 209-227
54. Tsokos G.C. Immunomodulatory treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases: mechanisms of action. Semin Arthritis Rheum 17 1 (1987) 24-38
55. Paufique L., and Magnard P. Retinal degeneration in 2 children following preventive antimalarial treatment of the mother during pregnancy. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 69 4 (1969) 466-467
56. Hart C.W., and Naughton R.F. The ototoxicity of chloroquine phosphate. Arch Otolaryngol 80 (1964) 407-412
57. Levy R.A., Vilela V.S., Cataldo M.J., et al. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Lupus 10 6 (2001) 401-404
58. Costedoat-Chalumeau N., Amoura Z., Duhaut P., et al. Safety of hydroxychloroquine in pregnant patients with connective tissue diseases: a study of one hundred thirty-three cases compared with a control group. Arthritis Rheum 48 11 (2003) 3207-3211
59. Clowse M.E., Magder L., Witter F., et al. Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 54 11 (2006) 3640-3647
60. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 108 3 (2001) 776-789
61. Kremer J.M. Toward a better understanding of methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 50 5 (2004) 1370-1382
62. Milunsky A., Graef J.W., and Gaynor Jr. M.F. Methotrexate-induced congenital malformations. J Pediatr 72 6 (1968) 790-795
63. Ostensen M., Hartmann H., and Salvesen K. Low dose weekly methotrexate in early pregnancy. A case series and review of the literature. J Rheumatol 27 8 (2000) 1872-1875
64. Lewden B., Vial T., Elefant E., et al. Low dose methotrexate in the first trimester of pregnancy: results of a French collaborative study. J Rheumatol 31 12 (2004) 2360-2365
65. Buckley L.M., Bullaboy C.A., Leichtman L., et al. Multiple congenital anomalies associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment of the mother. Arthritis Rheum 40 5 (1997) 971-973
66. Del Campo M., Kosaki K., Bennett F.C., et al. Developmental delay in fetal aminopterin/methotrexate syndrome. Teratology 60 1 (1999) 10-12
67. Johns D.G., Rutherford L.D., Leighton P.C., et al. Secretion of methotrexate into human milk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 112 7 (1972) 978-980
68. Jarnerot G., Into-Malmberg M.B., and Esbjorner E. Placental transfer of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine and some of its metabolites. Scand J Gastroenterol 16 5 (1981) 693-697
69. Mogadam M., Dobbins III W.O., Korelitz B.I., et al. Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome. Gastroenterology 80 1 (1981) 72-76
70. Nielsen O.H., Andreasson B., Bondesen S., et al. Pregnancy in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 18 6 (1983) 735-742
71. Hernandez-Diaz S., Werler M.M., Walker A.M., et al. Neural tube defects in relation to use of folic acid antagonists during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 153 10 (2001) 961-968
72. Hernandez-Diaz S., Werler M.M., Walker A.M., et al. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 343 22 (2000) 1608-1614
73. Hoo J.J., Hadro T.A., and Von Behren P. Possible teratogenicity of sulfasalazine. N Engl J Med 318 17 (1988) 1128
74. Newman N.M., and Correy J.F. Possible teratogenicity of sulphasalazine. Med J Aust 1 11 (1983) 528-529
75. Norgard B., Czeizel A.E., Rockenbauer M., et al. Population-based case control study of the safety of sulfasalazine use during pregnancy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15 4 (2001) 483-486
76. Jarnerot G., and Into-Malmberg M.B. Sulphasalazine treatment during breast feeding. Scand J Gastroenterol 14 7 (1979) 869-871
77. Kremer J.M. Methotrexate and leflunomide: biochemical basis for combination therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 29 1 (1999) 14-26
78. Brent R.L. Teratogen update: reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child. Teratology 63 2 (2001) 106-112
79. Rozman B. Clinical pharmacokinetics of leflunomide. Clin Pharmacokinet 41 6 (2002) 421-430
80. Chambers C.D., Johnson D.L., Macaraeg G.R., et al. Pregnancy outcomes following early gestational exposure to leflunomide: the OTIS rheumatoid Arthritis in Pregnancy Study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 13 (2004) S252
81. Treacy G. Using an analogous monoclonal antibody to evaluate the reproductive and chronic toxicity potential for a humanized anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody. Hum Exp Toxicol 19 4 (2000) 226-228
82. Chakravarty E.F., Sanchez-Yamamoto D., and Bush T.M. The use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in women with rheumatoid arthritis of childbearing age: a survey of practice patterns and pregnancy outcomes. J Rheumatol 30 2 (2003) 241-246
83. Chambers C.D., Johnson D.L., Jones K.L., and The OTIS Collaborative Research Group. Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to anti-TNF-alpha medications: the OTIS rheumatoid arthritis in pregnancy study. Dermatology 152 (2005) 205
84. Katz J.A., Antoni C., Keenan G.F., et al. Outcome of pregnancy in women receiving infliximab for the treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Gastroenterol 99 12 (2004) 2385-2392
85. Ventura S.J., Mosher W.D., Curtin S.C., et al. Trends in pregnancies and pregnancy rates by outcome: estimates for the United States, 1976-96. Vital Health Stat 21 56 (2000) 1-47
86. Vesga L., Terdiman J.P., and Mahadevan U. Adalimumab use in pregnancy. Gut 54 6 (2005) 890
87. Chambers C.D., Tutuncu Z.N., Johnson D., et al. Human pregnancy safety for agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis: adequacy of available information and strategies for developing post-marketing data. Arthritis Res Ther 8 4 (2006) 215-224
88. Peltier M, James D, Ford J, et al. Infliximab levels in breast-milk of a nursing Crohn's patient. Presented at the American College of Gastroenterology 66th Annual Scientific Meeting, 2001. Las Vegas (NV), October 22-26, 2001.
89. Ostensen M., and Eigenmann G.O. Etanercept in breast milk. J Rheumatol 31 5 (2004) 1017-1018
90. Edwards J.C., Szczepanski L., Szechinski J., et al. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 350 25 (2004) 2572-2581
91. Herold M., Schnohr S., and Bittrich H. Efficacy and safety of a combined rituximab chemotherapy during pregnancy. J Clin Oncol 19 14 (2001) 3439
92. Kimby E., Sverrisdottir A., and Elinder G. Safety of rituximab therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy: a case history. Eur J Haematol 72 4 (2004) 292-295
93. Genovese M.C., Becker J.C., Schiff M., et al. Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition. N Engl J Med 353 11 (2005) 1114-1123
94. Meehan R.T., and Dorsey J.K. Pregnancy among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving immunosuppressive therapy. J Rheumatol 14 2 (1987) 252-258
95. Petri M. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 20 1 (1994) 87-118
96. Park-Wyllie L., Mazzotta P., Pastuszak A., et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology 62 6 (2000) 385-392
97. Zulman J.I., Talal N., Hoffman G.S., et al. Problems associated with the management of pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 7 1 (1980) 37-49
98. Lockshin M.D., Reinitz E., Druzin M.L., et al. Lupus pregnancy. Case-control prospective study demonstrating absence of lupus exacerbation during or after pregnancy. Am J Med 77 5 (1984) 893-898
99. Rayburn W.F. Glucocorticoid therapy for rheumatic diseases: maternal, fetal, and breast- feeding considerations. Am J Reprod Immunol 28 3-4 (1992) 138-140
100. Logaridis T.E., Doran T.A., Scott J.G., et al. The effect of maternal steroid administration on fetal platelet count in immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura. Management of pregnancy and mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145 2 (1983) 147-151
101. Mintz G., Niz J., Gutierrez G., et al. Prospective study of pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a multidisciplinary approach. J Rheumatol 13 4 (1986) 732-739
102. Ost L., Wettrell G., Bjorkhem I., et al. Prednisolone excretion in human milk. J Pediatr 106 6 (1985) 1008-1011
103. Moise Jr. K.J., Ou C.N., Kirshon B., et al. Placental transfer of indomethacin in the human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 2 (1990) 549-554
104. Ericson A., and Kallen B.A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in early pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 15 4 (2001) 371-375
105. Kallen B.A., and Otterblad Olausson P. Maternal drug use in early pregnancy and infant cardiovascular defect. Reprod Toxicol 17 3 (2003) 255-261
106. Nielsen G.L., Sorensen H.T., Larsen H., et al. Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study. BMJ 322 7281 (2001) 266-270
107. Li D.K., Liu L., and Odouli R. Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study. BMJ 327 7411 (2003) 368-372
108. Vermillion S.T., Scardo J.A., Lashus A.G., et al. The effect of indomethacin tocolysis on fetal ductus arteriosus constriction with advancing gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177 2 (1997) 256-259 [discussion: 259-61]
109. Kaplan B.S., Restaino I., Raval D.S., et al. Renal failure in the neonate associated with in utero exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Pediatr Nephrol 8 6 (1994) 700-704
110. Stuart M.J., Gross S.J., Elrad H., et al. Effects of acetylsalicylic-acid ingestion on maternal and neonatal hemostasis. N Engl J Med 307 15 (1982) 909-912