Examining the competing constitutional processes in Burma/Myanmar from a comparative and international democratic and human rights perspective

Asia Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 42-68

  Sarkin, Jeremy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248079094     PISSN: 13881906     EISSN: 15718158     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157181501400649017     Document Type: Review

References (90)

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8. International Labour Organization (ILO) Governing Body 'Developments concerning the question of the observance by the Government of Myanmar of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29), GB.280/6, par 61.
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13. Pedersen, M.B., Rudland,M. and May R.J (eds), Burma-Myanmar: Strong regime, Weak state? Crawford House Publishing, Adelaide, 2000.
14. Smith, M. Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity, Zed Books Ltd., London, 1993.
15. Ali Khan,M. at p. 21.
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22. The Law Protecting the Peaceful and Systematic Transfer of State Responsibility and the Successful Performance of the Functions of the National Convention Against Disturbances and Opposition of 1996.
23. See further Fafard, P.A. & Reid, D.R Constituent Assemblies: A Comparative Survey (1991);
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25. See further Sarkin, J. The Development of a Human Rights Culture in South Africa (1998) 20 Human Rights Quarterly 628, p. 644;
26. Sarkin, J. Human Rights in South Africa: Constitutional and Pan-African Concept in Sarkin, J.; van der Lanotte, J. & Haeck, Y. (eds) The Principle of Equality (2001) 89-114.
27. Also see further Sarkin, J. and Binchy, W. Human Rights, the Citizen and the State Round Hall Sweet and Maxwell, 2001.
28. Edelman, M. Democratic Theories and the Constitution (University of New York Press, 1984.
29. See also Lederach, J.P. Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 1997.
30. See further Sarkin, J. & Binchy, W. Human Rights, the Citizen and the State Round Hall Sweet and Maxwell, 2001.
31. Sarkin, J. The drafting of South Africa's final Constitution from a human rights perspective, American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 47 Winter (99) 67;
32. See Sarkin, J. 'L'ecriture de la Constitution Sud-Africaine de 1996: Approache Formelle et Materielle' (2000) 44 Revue Francaise: Droit de Constitutionnel 746-767.
33. See further Sarkin, J. Dealing With Past Human Rights Abuses: Promoting Reconciliation in a Future Democratic Burma (2000) 7 Legal Issues on Burma Journal 1.
34. See further Beetham, D. Democracy and Human Rights. UK: Polity Press and Blackwell Publish Ltd, (1999).
35. Steytler, Murphy, De Vos, Rwelamira, Free and Fair Elections: Juta and Co, 1994.
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41. Rawlings, H.F. Law and the Electoral Process, London Sweet & Maxwell, 1988.
42. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 29, Chapter 2.
43. See further Sarkin, j. An Evaluation of the Role of the Independent Complaints Directorate for the Police, the Inspecting Judge for Prisons, the Legal Aid Board, the Human Rights Commission, the Commission on Gender Equality, the Auditor General, the Public Protector and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Developing a Human Rights Culture in South Africa, (2000) 15 SA Public Law 385-425
44. and Sarkin, J. Crime and Human Rights in South Africa in J Sarkin; van der Lanotte, J. & Haeck, Y. (eds) Resolving the Tensions Between Crime and Human Rights: An Evaluation of European and Soidh African Issues Maklu (2001).
45. De Villiers, B. Evaluating Federal Systems, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.
46. For a comparative perspective on these issues see Conforti, B. & Francioni, F. (eds) Enforcing International Human Rights in Domestic Courts, Martinus Nijhoff, 1997.
47. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 13, Chapter 1.
48. On the trends towards constitutional courts with powers of judicial review see: Hartwig, M. The Institutionalization of the Rule of Law: The Establishment of Constitutional Courts in the Eastern European Countries, 7 American University Journal of International Law & Policy 449 (1992)
49. and Schwartz, H. The New Courts: An Overview, Eastern European Constitutional Review, Spring 1993.
50. See further Bcatty D. (Ed) Human Rights and Judicial Review - A Comparative Perspective, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.
51. Alivizatos, Nicos. Judges as Veto Players, in Doring, H (ed) Parliaments and Majority- Rule in Western Europe, New York, St. Martin's Press, 1995.
52. See Sunder, R. Constitutional Amendments In India (1989).
53. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 149, Chapter 14.
54. See further Cotran, E. & Omar Sherif, A. The Role of the Judiciary in the Protection of Human Rights Kluwer Law International, 1997.
55. On the present situation see Zan, M Judicial Independence In Burma: No March Backwards Towards The Past, Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal February 2000, 1.
56. Venter, F. Constitutional Comparison: Japan, Germany, Canada and South Africa as Constitutional States, Kluwer Law International, 2000.
57. Section on Distribution of State Judicial Power Article 2.
58. Funstan, B and Meehan, E. Canada's Constitution in a Nutshell, Carswell Publishers, 1994.
59. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 97, Chapter 7.
60. Planned Parenthood v Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992)
61. Michalowski, S. & Woods, L. German Constitutional Law, Brookfield, Vermont, Ashgate 1999.
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64. South African Constitution 1996.
65. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 104, Chapter 7.
66. See generally Kooijmans, P. H. The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. Leiden: Stichting NJCM, 1990.
67. See Sarkin, J. Why There Should Be An Abortion Clause in the Final Constitution, 4 South African Journal of Human Rights, 1995, at p. 582;
68. Hogg, P.W Constitutional Law of Canada (3rd ed.) (1992) at pp. 796-7;
69. Russell, P. The Political Purposes of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1983) 61 Canadian Bar Review 30;
70. and Sarkin, J. & Binchy, W. Human Rights, the Citizen and the State, Round Hall Sweet and Maxwell, 2001.
71. Judge Jackson in West Virginia Board of Education v Barnetle 319 U.S. 624, 638 (1943).
72. See further Alston, P. (ed) Promoting Human Rights through Bills of Rights: Comparative Perspectives, Oxford, 1999.
73. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Chapter 2.
74. See Sarkin, J.; Steyn, E.; van Zyl Smit, D. & Paschke, R The Constitutional Court's Bail Decision: Individual Liberty in Crisis? (2000) 16 (2) South African Journal on Human Rights 292.
75. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 21(b), Chapter 2
76. See eg Cantoni v. France (45/1995/551/637) 15 November 1996;
77. Scott v. Spain (84/1995/590/676) 18 December 1996.
78. Sarkin, J., Vander Lanotte, J. & Haeck, Y. (eds) The Principle of Equality, Maklu Publishers, Antwerpen, 2001.
79. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Chapter 2.
80. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Chapter 2.
81. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 31 (d), Chapter 2.
82. South African Constitution 1996, Chapter 9.
83. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 129 (d), Chapter 9.
84. Sarkin, J. Reviewing and Reformulating Appointment Processes to Constitutional (Chapter Nine) Structures (1999) 15 South African Journal on Human Rights, at pp. 587-613.
85. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 142 (d) Chapter 12.
86. See Sarkin, J. Preventive Detention in South Africa" in Preventive Detention and Security Law: A Comparative Survey 209, Harding, A. & Hatchard, J. (eds), 1993.
87. See further Risse, T., Ropp, T.C. & Sikkink, K. (eds) The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
88. Van Wyk, Dugard, De Villiers and Davis, Rights and Constitutionalism - The New South African Legal Order: Juta and Co, 1998.
89. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 140 (d) Chapter 12.
90. National Council of the Union of Burma Constitution, 1997, Article 142 (d) Chapter 12.