Development of high current-density cathodes with scandia-doped tungsten powders

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1061-1070

  Wang, Yiman ^a   Wang, Jinshu ^a   Liu, Wei ^a   Zhang, Ke ^b   Li, Ji ^a  

^a BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b BEIJING VACUUM ELECTRONICS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (China)

Author keywords

Electron emission; Scandate cathode; Submicrometer structure; Surface analysis

Indexed keywords

CURRENT DENSITY; DOPING (ADDITIVES); ELECTRON EMISSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCANDIUM COMPOUNDS; SURFACE ANALYSIS; TUNGSTEN;

HIGH CURRENT-DENSITY CATHODES; SUBMICROMETER STRUCTURE;

CATHODES;

EID: 34247891537     PISSN: 00189383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TED.2007.894602     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. A. J. A. van Stratum, J. G. van Os, J. R. Blatter, and P. Zalm, "Barium-aluminum-scandate dispenser cathode," U.S. Patent 4 007 393, Feb. 8, 1977.
2. J. Hasker, J. Van Esdonk, and J. E. Crombeen, "Properties and manufacture of top-layer scandate cathodes," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 173-195, Aug. 1986.
3. S. Yamamoto, I. Watanable, S. Taguchi, S. Sasaki, and T. Yaguchi, "Formation mechanism of a monoatontic order surface-layer on a Sc-type impregnated cathode," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 490-494, Mar. 1989.
4. G. Gärtner, P. Geittner, H. Lydtin, and A. Ritz, "Emission properties of top-layer scandate cathodes prepared by LAD," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 11-17, Feb. 1997.
5. Y. Wang, T. Pan, and F. Zhang, "Pulsed laser depositing Sc-coated cathode and its manufacture method," China Patent CN 1 128 403A, Aug. 7, 1996.
6. S. Fukuda, K. Hayashi, S. Maeda, S. Michzono, and Y. Saito, "Performance of a high-power klystron using a BI cathode in the KEK electron linac," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 146, no. 1-4, pp. 84-88, May 1999.
7. J. Li, S. Yua, W. Shao, Q. Chen, and M. Zhu, "Investigation and application of impregnated scandate cathode," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 215, no. 1-4, pp. 49-53, Jun. 2003.
8. J. W. Gibson, G. A. Haas, and R. E. Thomas, "Investigation of scandate cathodes - Emission, fabrication and activation processes," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 209-214, Jan. 1989.
9. J. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Tao, H. Li, J. Yang, and M. Zhou, "Scandia-doped tungsten bodies for Sc-type cathodes," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 215, no. 1-4, pp. 38-48, Jun. 2003.
10. S. Tao, Y. Wang, J. Wang, K. Pan, H. Li, X. Gu, and M. Zhou, "Microstructure and emission properties of Sc-type dispenser cathodes with scandia doped tungsten matrix," Vacuum Electron., vol. 247, no. 6, pp. 15-20, Jun. 2003.
11. H. Yuan, X. Gu, K. Pan, Y. Wang, W. Liu, K. Zhang, J. Wang, M. Zhou, and J. Li, "Characteristics of scandate impregnated cathodes with sub-micron scandia doped matrices," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 251, no. 1-4, pp. 106-113, Sep. 2005.
12. A. van Oostrom and L. Augustus, "Activation and early life of a pressed barium scandate cathode," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 173-186, Jan. 1979.
13. 3-Mo cathode," Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. China, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 26-29, 2001.
14. G. Scheitrum, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, private communication, Dec. 2005.
15. M. J. Cattelino, "A diagnostic technique for evaluation of cathode emission performance and defects in vehicle assembly," in IEDM Tech. Dig., San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1982, pp. 36-39.
16. G. Lensy and R. Forman, "Surface study on scandate cathode and synthesized scandates," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 2595-2604, Dec. 1990.
17. W. Liu, K. Zhang, Y. Wang, K. Pan, X. Gu, J. Wang, J. Li, and M. Zhou, "Operating model for scandia doped matrix scandate cathodes," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 251, no. 1-4, pp. 80-88, Sep. 2005.
18. 3 and W," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 146, no. 1-4, pp. 31-38, May 1999.
19. S. Sasaki, T. Yaguchi, N. Mori, S. Taguchi, and M. Shibata, "Nonuniform emission distribution on a scandate impregnated cathode," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 146, no. 1-4, pp. 17-21, May 1999.
20. J. Yang, Y. Wang, Z. Nie, J. Wang, Y. Lu, and K. Zhao, "A compact cathode test system," in Proc. IVEC/IVESC, Monterey, CA, Apr. 25-27, 2006, p. 343.
21. J. W. Gibson and R. E. Thomas, "Computer controlled techniques for high emission density mapping of thermionic cathodes," Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 24, no. 3/4, pp. 518-537, Oct.-Dec. 1985.
22. J. Li, H. Wang, Y. Gao, K. Zhang, Q. Chen, T. Yan, F. Liao, J. Wang, Y. Wang, and W. Liu, "Recent developments in scandia-doped dispenser cathodes," in Proc. IVEC/IVESC, Monterey, CA, Apr. 25-27, 2006, pp. 51-52.
23. R. S. Raju and C. E. Manoney, "Characterization of an impregnated scandate cathode using a semiconductor model," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2460-2467, Dec. 1994.
24. I. I. Bekh, V. V. II'Chenko, and A. E. Lushkin, "The influence of the surface structure on the emission properties of the Sc-Ba dispensed cathode," in Proc. IVESC, Beijing, China, Sep. 2004, p. 197.
25. W. Liu, "Study on microstructure and emission properties of rare earth oxide - Refractory metal cathodes," Ph.D. dissertation, Beijing Univ. Technol., Beijing, China, Oct. 2005.
26. J. Wang, T. Gao, W. Liu, Y. Wang, and J. Li, "Investigation of cathodes with scandia and rare earth oxide co-doped matrices," in Proc. IVEC/IVESC, Monterey, CA, Apr. 25-27, 2006, p. 55.
27. W. Liu, J. Wang, H. Lu, M. Zhou, and Y. Wang, "Pressed mixed scandate cathode and its manufacture method," China Patent CN 06 1 88813.3, Jul. 9, 2006.