Dispensing and surface-induced crystallization of zeptolitre liquid metal-alloy drops

Nature Materials

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 363-366

  Sutter, Peter W ^a   Sutter, Eli A ^a  

^a BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DISPERSIONS; IMAGE RESOLUTION; LIQUID METALS; MELTING;

NANOPARTICLE MELTING; NEAR-ATOMIC RESOLUTION; SURFACE-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; ZEPTOLITRE;

DROP FORMATION;

EID: 34247881842     PISSN: 14761122     EISSN: 14764660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1894     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Meister, A., Liley, M., Brugger, J., Pugin, R. & Heinzelmann, H. Nanodispenser for attoliter volume deposition using atomic force microscopy probes modified by focused-ion-beam milling. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6260-6262 (2004).
2. Frenken, J. W. M. & van der Veen, J. F. Observation of surface melting. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 134 (1985).
3. Volmer, M. Kinetik der Phasenbildung (Steinkopff, Leipzig, 1939).
4. Egry, I., Lohoefer, G. & Jacobs, G. Surface tension of liquid metals: Results from measurements on ground and in space. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4043 (1995).
5. Predel, B. in Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data of Binary Alloys - Electronic Materials and Semiconductors (ed. Madelung, O.) (Landolt-Bornstein, Group IV: Physical Chemistry, Vol. 5, Springer, Berlin, 1998).
6. Sutter, E. & Sutter, P. Au-induced encapsulation of Ge nanowires in protective carbon shells. Adv. Mater. 18, 2583 (2006).
7. Gao, Y. & Bando, Y. Carbon nanothermometer containing gallium. Nature 415, 599 (2002).
8. Sun, L. et al. Carbon nanotubes as high-pressure cylinders and nanoextruders. Science 312, 1199-1202 (2006).
9. Banhart, F. Irradiation effects in carbon nanostructures. Ref. Prog. Phys. 62, 1181-1221 (1999).
10. Sutter, E., Sutter, P. & Zhu, Y. Assembly and interaction of Au/C core-shell nanostructures: In situ observation in the transmission electron microscope. Nano Lett. 5, 2092-2096 (2005).
11. Banhart, F., Hernández, E. & Terrones, M. Extreme superheating and supercooling of encapsulated metals in fullerenelike shells. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 185502 (2003).
12. Iida, T. & Guthrie, R. I. L. The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals (Clarendon, Oxford, 1988).
13. Schmelzer, J. W., Zanotto, E. D. & Fokin, V. M. Pressure dependence of viscosity. J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074511 (2005).
14. Moseler, M. & Landman, U. Formation, stability, and breakup of nanojets. Science 289, 1165 (2000).
15. Turnbull, D. & Cech, R. E. Microscopic observation of the solidification of small metal droplets. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 804 (1950).
16. Wulff, G. Zur frage der geschwindigkeit des wachstums und der auflösung der kristallflächen. Z. Kristall. Mineral. 34, 449 (1901).
17. Rice, S. A., Guidotti, D., Lemberg, H. L., Murphy, W. C. & Bloch, A. N. in Advances in Chemical Physics XXVII (eds Prigogine, I. R., & Rice, S. A.) (Wiley, Chichester, 1974);
18. D'Evelyn, M. P. & Rice, S. A. A study of the liquid-vapor interface of mercury: Computer simulation results. J. Chem. Phys. 78, 5225 (1983).
19. Regan, M. J. et al. Surface layering in liquid gallium: An x-ray reflectivity study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2498 (1995).
20. Shpyrko, O. G. et al. Atomic-scale surface demixing in a eutectic liquid BiSn alloy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 106103 (2005).
21. Shpyrko, O. G. et al. Surface crystallization in a liquid AuSi alloy. Science 313, 77-80 (2006).
22. Celestini, F., Ercolessi, F. & Tosatti, E. Can liquid metal surfaces have hexatic order? Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3153 (1997).
23. Ajayan, P. M. & Marks, L. D. Quasimelting and phases of small particles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 585 (1988).
24. Cleveland, C. L. et al. Structural evolution of smaller gold nanocrystals: The truncated decahedral motif. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1873 (1997).
25. Nam, H.-S., Hwang, N. M., Yu, B. D. & Yoon, J.-K. Formation of an icosahedral structure during the freezing of gold nanoclusters: Surface-induced mechanism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 275502 (2002).