Soft pattern matching models for definitional question answering

ACM Transactions on Information Systems

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Cui, Hang ^a,b   Kan, Min Yen ^a   Chua, Tat Seng ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^b Google Inc   (Japan)

Author keywords

Definitional question answering; Soft patterns

Indexed keywords

DEFINITION SENTENCES; DEFINITIONAL QUESTION ANSWERING; PROFILE HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL (PHMM); SOFT PATTERNS;

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES; DATA REDUCTION; HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PROBABILITY; QUERY PROCESSING;

PATTERN MATCHING;

EID: 34247877615     PISSN: 10468188     EISSN: 15582868     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/1229179.1229182     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. AGICHTEIN, E. AND GRAVANO, L. 2000. Snowball: Extracting relations from large plain-text collections. In Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (DL '00). ACM Press, New York, NY, 85-94.
2. AHN, D., JLJKOUN, V., MISHNE, G., MÜLLER, K., DE RIJKE, M., AND SCHLOBACH, S. 2004. Using Wikipedia at the TREC QA Track. In Proceedings of TREC.
3. BLAIR-GOLDENSOHN, S., MCKEOWN, K., AND SCHLAIKJER, A. H. 2003. A hybrid approach for QA track definitional questions. In Proceedings of TREC. 185-192.
4. BLAIR-GOLDENSOHN, S., MCKEOWN, K., AND SCHLAIKJER, A. H. 2004. Answering definitional questions: A hybrid approach. In New Directions in Question Answering. 47-58.
5. BORKAR, V., DESHMUKH, K., AND SARAWAGI, S. 2001. Automatic segmentation of text into structured records. SIGMOD Rec. 30, 2, 175-186.
6. CARBONELL, J. G. AND GOLDSTEIN, J. 1998. The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '98). ACM Press, New York, NY, 335-336.
7. CHU-CARROLL, J., CZUBA, K., PRAGER, J., ITTYCHERIAH, A., AND BLAIR-GOLDENSOHN, S. 2004. IBM's PIQUANT II in TREC 2004. In Proceedings of TREC.
8. CUI, H., KAN, M.-Y., AND CHUA, T.-S. 2004a. Unsupervised learning of soft patterns for generating definitions from online news. In Proceedings of WWW. 90-99.
9. CUI, H., KAN, M.-Y., AND CHUA, T.-S. 2005. Generic soft pattern models for definitional question answering. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '05). ACM Press, New York, NY, 384-391.
10. CUI, H., KAN, M.-Y., CHUA, T.-S., AND XIAO, J. 2004b. A comparative study on sentence retrieval for definitional question answering. In Proceedings of SIGIR 2005 Workshop IR4QA: Information Retrieval for Question Answering.
11. DEMPSTER, A., LAIRD, N., AND RUBIN, D. 1977. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion). J. Roy. Statist. Soc. 39, 1-38.
12. ETZIONI, O., CAFARELLA, M., DOWNEY, D., KOK, S., POPESCU, A.-M., SHAKED, T., SODERLAND, S., WELD, D. S., AND YATES, A. 2004. Web-scale information extraction in Knowitall: (Preliminary results). In WWW'04: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '04). ACM Press, New York, NY, 100-110.
13. GAIZAUSKAS, R., GREENWOOD, M. A., HEPPLE, M., ROBERTS, I., AND SAGGION, H. 2004. The University of Sheffields TREC 2004 Q&A experiments. In Proceedings of TREC.
14. HAN, K.-S., CHUNG, H., KIM, S.-B., SONG, Y.-I., LEE, J.-Y., AND RIM, H.-C. 2004. Korea University Question Answering System at TREC 2004. In Proceedings of TREC.
15. HARABAGIU, S. M., MOLDOVAN, D. I., CLARK, C., BOWDEN, M., HICKL, A., AND WANG, P. 2005. Employing two question answering systems in TREC-2005. In Proceedings of TREC.
16. HARABAGIU, S. M., MOLDOVAN, D. I., CLARK, C., BOWDEN, M., WILLIAMS, J., AND BENSLEY, J. 2003. Answer mining by combining extraction techniques with abductive reasoning. In Proceedings of TREC. 375-382.
17. HARABAGIU, S. M., MOLDOVAN, D. I., PASCA, M., MIHALCEA, R., SURDEANU, M., BUNESCU, R. C., GIRJU, R., RUS, V., AND MORARESCU, P. 2000. FALCON: Boosting knowledge for answer engines. In Proceedings of TREC.
18. HILDEBRANDT, W., KATZ, B., AND LIN, J. J. 2004. Answering definition questions with multiple knowledge sources. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL. 49-56.
19. JING, H. 2000. Sentence reduction for automatic text summarization. In Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 310-315.
20. KATZ, B., BILOTTI, M., FELSHIN, S., FERNANDES, A., HILDEBRANDT, W., KATZIR, R., LIN, J., LORETO, D., MARTON, G., MORA, F., AND UZUNER, O. 2004. Answering multiple questions on a topic from heterogeneous resources. In Proceedings of TREC.
21. KLAVANS, J. AND MURESAN, S. 2001. Evaluation of DEFINDER: A system to mine definitions from consumer-oriented medical text. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. 201-202.
22. LANNON, J. M. 1991. Technical Writing. HarperCollins, New York, NY.
23. LIN, C.-Y AND HOVY, E. H. 2003. Automatic evaluation of summaries using N-gram co-occurrence statistics. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL.
24. LIN, J. AND DEMNER-FUSHMAN, D. 2005. Automatically evaluating answers to definition questions. In Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP. 931-938.
25. LIN, J. AND DEMNER-FUSHMAN, D. 2006. Will pyramids built of nuggets topple over? In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Language Technology. 383-390.
26. LIU, B., CHIN, C. W., AND NG, H. T. 2003. Mining topic-specific concepts and definitions on the Web. In Proceedings of WWW. 251-260.
27. MANI, I., PUSTEJOVSKY, J., AND SUNDHEIM, B. 2004. Introduction to the special issue on temporal information processing. ACM Trans. Asian Lang. Inform. Process. 3, 1, 1-10.
28. MANNING, C. D. AND SCHÜTZE, H. 1999. Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
29. MCCALLUM, A. 2003. Efficiently inducing features of conditional random fields. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI03).
30. MCCALLUM, A., FREITAG, D., AND PEREIRA, F. C. N. 2000. Maximum Entropy Markov Models for information extraction and segmentation. In Proceedings of ICML. 591-598.
31. MURESAN, S., POPPER, S. D., DAVIS, P. T., AND KLAVANS, J. L. 2003. Building a terminological database from heterogeneous definitional sources. In Proceedings of DG.O.
32. MUSLEA, I. 1999. Extraction patterns for information extraction tasks: A survey. In Proceedings of the AAAI-99 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction. 1-6.
33. PENG, F., WEISCHEDEL, R., LICUANAN, A., AND XU, J. 2005. Combining deep linguistics analysis and surface pattern learning: A hybrid approach to Chinese definitional question answering. In Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP. 307-314.
34. PRAGER, J., RADEV, D., AND CZUBA, K. 2001. Answering what-is questions by virtual annotation. In HLT '01: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research. Association for Computational Linguistics, Morristown, NJ, 1-5.
35. PRAGER, J. M., CHU-CARHOLL, J., CZUBA, K., WELTY, C. A., ITTYCHERIAH, A., AND MAHINDHU, R. 2003. IBM's PIQUANT in TREC2003. In Proceedings of TREC. 283-292.
36. RADEV, D. R., JING, H., STY, M., AND TAM, D. 2004. Centroid-based summarization of multiple documents. Inf. Process. Manage. 40, 6, 919-938.
37. RAVICHANDRAN, D. AND HOVY, E. H. 2002. Learning surface text patterns for a question answering system. In Proceedings of ACL. 41-47.
38. RILOPF, E. AND WIEBE, J. 2003. Learning extraction patterns for subjective expressions. In Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, M. Collins and M. Steedman, Eds. 105-112.
39. ROSENFELD, R. 2000. Two decades of statistical language modeling: Where do we go from here. Proc. the IEEE 88, 8.
40. SCHIFTMAN, B., MANI, I., AND CONCEPCION, K. J. 2001. Producing biographical summaries: Combining linguistic knowledge with corpus statistics. In Proceedings of ACL. 450-457.
41. SCHWARTZ, A. S. AND HEARST, M. A. 2003. A simple algorithm for identifying abbreviation definitions in biomedical text. In Proceedings of Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. 451-462.
42. SKOUNAKIS, M., CRAVEN, M., AND RAY, S. 2003. Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models for information extraction. In. Proceedings of 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 427-433.
43. SUDO, K., SEKINE, S., AND GRISHMAN, R. 2003. An improved extraction pattern representation model for automatic IE pattern acquisition. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 224-231.
44. VOORHEES, E. M. 2001. Overview of the TREC 2001 Question Answering Track. In Proceedings of TREC.
45. VOORHEES, E. M. 2003a. Evaluating answers to definition questions. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL.
46. VOORHEES, E. M. 2003b. Overview of the TREC 2003 Question Answering Track. In Proceedings of TREC. 54-68.
47. VOORHEES, E. M. 2004. Overview of the TREC 2004 Question Answering Track. In Proceedings of TREC.
48. XIAO, J., CHUA, T.-S., AND CUI, H. 2004. Cascading use of soft and hard matching pattern rules for weakly supervised information extraction. In Proceedings of COLING 2004. COLING, Geneva, Switzerland, 542-548.
49. XU, J., LICUANAN, A., AND WEISCHEDEL, R. M. 2003. TREC 2003 QA at BBN: Answering definitional questions. In Proceedings of TREC. 98-106.
50. XU, J., WEISCHEDEL, R. M., AND LICUANAN, A. 2004. Evaluation of an extraction-based approach to answering definitional questions. In. Proceedings of SIGIR. 418-424.
51. YANG, H., CUI, H., MASLENNIKOV, M., QIU, L., KAN, M.-Y., AND CHUA, T.-S. 2003. QUALIFIER In TREC-12 QA main task. In Proceedings of TREC. 480-488.
52. ZAHARIEV, M. 2003. Efficient acronym-expansion matching for automatic acronym acquisition. In Proceedings of IKE. 32-37.