Extrafluorescent electroluminescence in organic light-emitting devices

Nature Materials

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 374-378

  Segal, M ^a   Singh, M ^a   Rivoire, K ^b   Difley, S ^b   Van Voorhis, T ^b   Baldo, M A ^a  

^a Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE TRANSFER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EXCITED STATES; FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS; FLUORESCENCE;

EXTRAFLUORESCENT ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENT MATERIALS; ORGANIC MATERIALS; RED FLUOROPHORES;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 34247871281     PISSN: 14761122     EISSN: 14764660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1885     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Baldo, M. A., O'Brien, D. F., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest, S. R. Excitonic singlet-triplet ratio in a semiconducting organic thin film. Phys. Rev. B 60, 14422-14428 (1999).
2. Segal, M., Baldo, M. A., Holmes, R. J., Forrest, S. R. & Soos, Z. G. Excitonic singlet-triplet ratios in molecular and polymeric organic materials. Phys. Rev., B 68, 075211 (2003).
3. Wohlgenannt, M., Tandon, K., Mazumdar, S., Ramasesha, S. & Vardeny, Z. V. Formation cross-sections of singlet and triplet excitons in pi-conjugated polymers. Nature 409, 494-497 (2001).
4. Reufer, M. et al. Spin-conserving carrier recombination in conjugated polymers. Nature Mater. 4, 340-346 (2005).
5. Barford, W. & Moore, E. E. An estimate of the inter-system crossing time in light-emitting polymers. Preprint at 〈arXiv:physics/0410253〉 (2004).
6. Rudra, I., Wu, Q. & Van Voorhis, T. Accurate magnetic exchange couplings in transition-metal complexes from constrained density-functional theory. J. Chem. Phys. 124, 024103-024111 (2006).
7. Wu, Q. & Van Voorhis, T. Direct optimization method to study constrained systems with density-functional theory. Phys. Rev. A 72, 024502-024505 (2005).
8. Wu, Q. & Van Voorhis, T. Constrained density functional theory and its application in long-range electron transfer. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2, 765-774 (2006).
9. Kadashchuk, A. et al. Singlet-triplet splitting of geminate electron-hole pairs in conjugated polymers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 066803-066806 (2004).
10. Baldo, M. A. et al. High efficiency phosphorescent emission from organic electroluminescent devices. Nature 395, 151-154 (1998).
11. Baldo, M. A. & Forrest, S. R. Transient analysis of organic electrophosphorescence. I. Transient analysis of triplet energy transfer. Phys. Rev. B 62, 10958-10966 (2000).
12. Colle, M. & Garditz, C. Phosphorescence of aluminium tris(quinoline-8-olate). Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3160-3162 (2004).
13. Burrows, P. E. et al. Relationship between electroluminescence and current transport in organic heterojunction light-emitting devices. J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7991-8006 (1996).
14. 3 phosphorescent molecules. Appl. Phys. B 81, 93-99 (2005).
15. Kim, J.-S., Ho, P. K. H., Greenham, N. C. & Friend, R. H. Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes: Implications for device efficiency calculations. J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073-1081 (2000).
16. Holmes, R. J. et al. Blue organic electrophosphorescence using exothermic host-guest energy transfer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2422-2424 (2003).
17. Bulovic, V. et al. Bright, saturated red-to-yellow organic light-emitting devices based on polarization-induced spectral shifts. Chem. Phys. Lett. 287, 455-460 (1998).
18. Baldo, M. A., Thompson, M. E. & Forrest, S. R. High efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer. Nature 403, 750-753 (2000).
19. Lee, M. K., Segal, M., Soos, Z. G., Shinar, J. & Baldo, M. A. On the yield of singlet excitons in organic light-emitting devices: A double modulation photoluminescence-detected magnetic resonance study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 137403-137406 (2005).
20. Greenham, N. C. et al. Optically detected magnetic resonance study of efficient two-layer conjugated polymer light-emitting devices. Phys. Rev. B 53, 13528-13533 (1996).
21. Swanson, L. S. et al. Electroluminescence-detected magnetic resonance study of polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV)-based light emitting diodes. Phys. Rev. B 46, 15072-15077 (1992).
22. Beljonne, D., Ye, A., Shuai, Z. & Bredas, J. L. Chain-length dependence of singlet and triplet exciton formation rates in organic light-emitting diodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 684-692 (2004).
23. Kendall, R. A. et al. High performance computational chemistry: An overview of NWChem a distributed parallel application. Comput. Phys. Commun. 128, 260-283 (2000).
24. Straatsma, T. P. et al. NWChem (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 2004).
25. Becke, A. D. Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5648-5652 (1993).