A proposal for environmental labels: Informing consumers of the real costs of consumption

Journal of Social Philosophy

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 334-356

  Collins Chobanian, Shari ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY WEST   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247734369     PISSN: 00472786     EISSN: 14679833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0047-2786.00098     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Center for Investigative Reporting and Bill Moyers, Global Dumping Ground: The International Traffic in Hazardous Waste (Washington, D. C.: Seven Locks, 1990), 6.
2. See Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski, and John Peterson Myers, Our Stolen Future (New York: Penguin Books, 1996), 40
3. see Julie W. Lynch, "Environmental Labels: A New Policy Strategy", Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 12, no. 1(Spring 1997):121-23;
4. and Amy Lynn Salzhauer, "Obstacles and Opportunities for a Consumer Ecolabel", Environment 33, no. 9(November 1991):10-37.
5. www.bmu.de/ordner/J2-E.HTM
6. www.ecomarkt.nl/keurmerk/ecolabel.html (Stichting Milieu Wijzer), 1995.
7. See "Toxic Effects of Pesticides: Experimental and Clinical Data" and "Short- and Long-Term Health Effects of Pesticides: Epidemiological Data", in World Health Organization, Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1990), 33-61.
8. See Geoffrey C. Saign, Green Essentials (San Francisco: Mercury House, 1994), 306.
9. See Frank J. Prial, "Sommelier, What's That Smell?" New York Times, January 13, 1999, p. B11.
10. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center statistics cited in Heather Dewar, "Thirst for Coffee Linked to Loss of Bird Habitat: Growers Cut Trees to Perk up Yield", Arizona Republic, February 2, 1997, p. A26.
11. Michael Satchell, "Hog Heaven- and Hell: Pig Farming Has Gone High Tech, and That's Creating New Pollution Woes", U. S. News & World Report, January 22, 1996, p. 55.
12. See Bill Lambrecht, "Agriculture Department Gets 150, 000 Negative Responses to Proposal on Organic Foods", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 1, 1998;
13. and Bill Lambrecht/Associated Press, "'Organic' Label Will Exclude Irradiation, Other Food Processes", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 9, 1998.
14. Regarding transgenic issues, see Don Corrigan, "Area Residents Take to Streets for Food Labeling", Webster/Kirkwood Times, February 12, 1999, www.timesnewspapers.com;
15. Neil Buckley, "Move on Gene-Modified Food", Financial Times, London Edition, July 25, 1997;
16. Marian Burros, "Trying to Get Labels on Genetically Altered Food", New York Times, May 21, 1997, p. C3;
17. Barnaby J. Feder, "Biotechnology Company to Join Those Urging Labels on Genetically Altered Products", New York Times, February 24, 1997;
18. Marc Lappe and Britt Bailey, "Labeling", in Against the Grain: Biotechnology and the Corporate Takeover of Your Food (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1998), 119-31
19. Ray Moseley, "Brit Mad-Cow Fear Replaced by Gene-Altered Food Scare", Arizona Republic, February 28, 1999, p. A15;
20. See Deane Curtin, "Making Peace with the Earth: Indigenous Agriculture and the Green Revolution", Environmental Ethics 17, no. 1 (1995).
21. See "Monsanto Sez [sic]: This Isn't Too Different from Hybrid Crops Which Don't Reproduce", Guardian, April 15, 1998;
22. Harry Collins, "New Technology and Modernizing World Agriculture", http://ds.dial.pipex.com/ukfg/UKabc/gaiam4;
23. and Bill Lambrecht, "'Terminator' Genes Renders Seeds [sic] Sterile: Farmers No Longer Could Save Them for Next Year; U. S. Government Helped Develop It", April 19, 1998
24. Bill Lambrecht, "Critics Vilify New Seed Technology"
25. Harry Collins, "New Technology"
26. See Frances Moore Lappe, Diet for a Small Planet (New York: Ballantine Books, 1982), 9-11;
27. and Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture (New York: Dutton, 1992), 153.
28. Committee on Chemical Environmental Mutagens, Identifying and Estimating the Genetic Impact of Chemical Mutagens (Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press, 1983).
29. See K. Sankaranarayanan, "Estimation of Genetic Risks of Exposure to Chemical Mutagens: Relevance of Data on Spontaneous Mutations and of Experience with Ionizing Radiation", Mutation Research, no. 304(1994):139-58.
30. See Stevenson Swanson, "Pesticides on Fruit High-but Legal", Arizona Republic, February 19, 1999, p. A1.
31. See Salzhauer, "Obstacles and Opportunity", 13-14, for a full discussion of LCA.
32. See Shelley A. Hearne, "Tracking Toxics: Chemical Use and the Public's 'Right-to-Know, '" Environment 38, no. 6(July/August 1996):4-34.
33. See Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots, ed. Robert D. Bullard (Boston: South End, 1993);
34. Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color, ed. Robert D. Bullard (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1994);
35. Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice, ed. Laura Westra and Peter Wenz (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995);
36. Chicano Culture, Ecology, Politics: Subversive Kin, ed. Devon Pena (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998);
37. The Struggle for Ecological Democracy: Environmental Justice Movements in the United States, ed. Daniel Faber (New York: Guilford, 1998);
38. The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance, ed. M. Annette Jaimes (Boston: South End, 1992);
39. Peter H. Eichstaedt, If You Poison Us: Uranium and Native Americans (Santa Fe, N. Mex.: Red Crane, 1994);
40. Donald A. Grinde, Jr., and Bruce E. Johansen, Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples (Santa Fe, N. Mex.: Clear Light, 1992);
41. Ward Churchill, Struggle for the Land: Indigenous Resistance to Genocide, Ecocide, and Expropriation in Contemporary North America (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage, 1993);
42. and Shari Collins-Chobanian, "Environmental Racism, American Indians, and Monitored Retrievable Storage Sites for Radioactive Waste", in Applied Ethics: A Multicultural Approach, ed. Larry May, Shari Collins-Chobanian, and Kai Wong (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1998), 160-69.
43. For examples see Christopher Flavin, "The Heat Is On: The Greenhouse Effect", in Worldwatch Reader, ed. Lester Brown (New York: Norton, 1991);
44. and Dixy Lee Ray and Louis Guzzo, "The Greenhouse Effect: Hype and Hysteria", and "The Blessings of Pesticides", in Trashing the Planet (Washington, D. C.: Regnery Gateway, 1990).
45. See Salzhauer, "Obstacles and Opportunities", 13, for more discussion of the difficulty in providing full disclosure.
46. See Timothy Luke, "Green Consumerism: Ecology and the Ruse of Recycling", in Ecocritique (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 115-36.
47. See Robert J. Hunter, "Are We Capable of Doing the Right Thing?" in Simple Things Won't Save the Earth (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), 103-12.