Our Lady of Guadalupe in the new south: Latino immigrants and the politics of integration in the catholic church

Journal of American Ethnic History

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 26-57

  Odem, Mary E ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247658822     PISSN: 02785927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Center for Applied Research in Anthropology at Georgia State University (CARA), "Metro Atlanta Hispanic Population Trends, 1982-1997" (Atlanta, 1997)
2. Lewis Mumford Center, "Hispanic Population Data for the Metropolitan Statistical Areas: Atlanta, GA," (http://mumford1.dyndns.org/cen2000)
3. Yolanda Rodriguez, "GSU say Hispanic Numbers Way Off," Atlanta Journal Constitution, October 5, 1999, A1
4. Mark Bixler, "Signs of Change Across Georgia," AJC, August 30, 2000, B1
5. Mark Bixler, "Georgia Tops Nation in Hispanic Growth" AJC, Sept. 18, 2003, A1
6. Judith Waldrop, "The Newest Southerners," American Demographics (October 1993): 38-43
7. On contestations over urban space and geography, see Dolores Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (Cambridge, MA, 1999)
8. Robert Orsi, ed., "Introduction," Gods of the City: Religion and the American Urban Landscape (Bloomington, IN, 1999)
9. David Harvey, Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography (New York, 2001)
10. This article focuses specifically on Catholicism, but Latin American immigrants' participation in evangelical Protestant churches is also an important subject worthy of further study. See Allan Figueroa Deck, "The Challenge of Evangelical/Pentecostal Christianity to Hispanic Catholicism," in Hispanic Catholic Culture in the U.S.: Issues and Concerns, 409-39
11. Luís León, "Born Again in East LA: The Congregation as Border Space," in Gatherings in Diaspora: Religious Communities and the New Immigration, ed. R. Stephen Warner and Judith Wittner (Philadelphia, 1998), 163-96
12. On the role of religion in immigrant life, see Timothy L. Smith, "Religion and Ethnicity in America" American Historical Review 83 (1978): 1155-84
13. Stephen Warner, "Work in Progress toward a New Paradigm for the Sociological Study of Religion in the United States" American Journal of Sociology 98 (1993): 1044-109
14. For studies of religion and European Catholic immigrants, see Jay P. Dolan, The Immigrant Church: New York's Irish and German Catholics, 1815-1865 (Baltimore, 1975)
15. Jay P. Dolan, The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present (Garden City, NY, 1985)
16. Dolores Liptak, Immigrants and Their Church (New York: 1989)
17. Silvano M. Tomasi, Piety and Power: The Role of Italian Parishes in the New York Metropolitan Area, 1880-1930 (Staten Island, NY, 1975)
18. th Street: Faith and Community in Italian Harlem (New Haven, 1985)
19. Stephen Shaw, The Catholic Parish as a Way-Station of Ethnicity and Americanization: Chicago's Germans and Italians, 1903-1939 (Brooklyn, 1991)
20. Rudolph Vecoli, "Prelates and Peasants: Italian Immigrants and the Catholic Church" Journal of Social History 2 (Spring, 1969): 217-68
21. Dolan, The American Catholic Experience, 204
22. Jeffrey M. Burns, "The Mexican Catholic Community in California," in Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965, ed. by Jay P. Dolan and Gilberto M. Hinojosa (Notre Dame, 1994)
23. Ana María Díaz-Stevens, Oxcart Catholicism on Fifth Avenue: The Impact of the Puerto Rican Migration Upon the Archdiocese of New York (Notre Dame, 1993)
24. Ana María Díaz-Stevens and Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo, Recognizing the Latino Resurgence in U.S. Religion (Boulder, 1998)
25. Jay P. Dolan and A. F. Deck, eds., Hispanic Catholic Culture in the U.S.: Issues and Concerns (Notre Dame, 1994)
26. Timothy Matovina and Gerald E. Poyo, eds., Presente!: U.S. Latino Catholics from Colonial Origins to the Present (New York, 2000)
27. The neglect of immigrant religion in the scholarship on Latin American immigration also stems from scholars' own biases; their tendency to view religion as somehow illegitimate, imposed from above; they have preferred to focus on work, labor unions, politics and secular culture as sources of ethnic identity and community. On immigration scholars' neglect of religion, see Warner, "Work in Progress Toward a New Paradigm."
28. Díaz-Stevens and Stevens-Arroyo, Recognizing the Latino Resurgence
29. Burns, "The Mexican Catholic Community in California"
30. Matovina and Poyo, Presente!
31. Sanchez, Becoming Mexican American, 158-63
32. Zaragosa Vargas, Proletarians of the North: A History of Mexican Industrial Workers in Detroit and the Midwest, 1917-33 (Berkeley, 1993)
33. Dolan, The Immigrant Church
34. Liptak, Immigrants and Their Church
35. Tomasi, Piety and Power
36. Vecoli, "Prelates and Peasants."
37. Matovina and Poyo, Presente!, 91-100
38. Alan Figueroa Deck, The Second Wave: Hispanic Ministry and the Evangelization of Cultures (New York, 1989), 58-59
39. Deck, The Second Wave, 59
40. Matovina and Poyo, Presente!, 193-198
41. In 1974, the Division for the Spanish-speaking was renamed the NCCB/USCC Secretariat for Hispanic Affairs. The NCCB is the national assembly of Catholic bishops that oversees Catholic activities in the U.S.; the USCC is the social work branch of the NCCB. Díaz-Stevens and Stevens-Arroyo, Recognizing the Latino Resurgence, 161-63
42. The second and third Encuentros Nacionales took place in 1977 and 1985
43. "The Hispanic Presence: Challenge and Commitment," Hispanic Ministry: Three Major Documents (Washington, DC, 1998), 1-21
44. Allan Figueroa Deck, "The Challenge of Evangelical/Pentecostal Christianity," in Hispanic Catholic Culture in the U.S, ed. Dolan and Deck, 409-39.
45. Andrew Greeley, "Defection among Hispanics," America, July 30, 1988, 61-62
46. According to a more recent article by Greeley, the "equivalent of one out of seven Hispanics has left Catholicism in a little more than a quarter of a century." Greeley, "Defection Among Hispanics," America, September 27, 1997
47. "National Pastoral Plan for Hispanic Ministry" in Hispanic Ministry: Three Major Documents, 59-99
48. Interview with Elena, June 13, 2000. All names of immigrants interviewed for this project have been changed
49. Interview with Roberto, June 9, 2000
50. Waldrop, "The Newest Southerners"; Arthur D. Murphy, et al., Latino Workers in the Contemporary South (Athens, GA, 2001)
51. Matt Kempner, "The Big Wink," Atlanta Journal Constitution, Jan. 23, 2000, A1
52. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Georgia (Washington, DC, 1983)
53. City of Chamblee, Guidebook, 2000, 1:3
54. Susan Walcott, "The Buford Highway Corridor," forthcoming in Journal of Cultural Geography
55. Judith Waldrop, "The Newest Southerners," American Demographics 15 (October 1993): 38-43
56. Atlanta Journal Constitution, April 17, 1997 & May 3, 1998, H1
57. Mundo Hispanico, December 2000 issue gives an overview of anti-immigrant measures in Atlanta and Georgia
58. Helen Blier, "A 'Catholic' Catholic Church: The Roman Catholic Community of Atlanta," Religions of Atlanta: Religious Diversity in the Centennial Olympic City, ed. Gary Laderman (Atlanta, 1996), 68
59. Thomas J. Shelley, Paul Hallinan: First Archbishop of Atlanta (Wilmington, DE, 1989)
60. Dale E. Jones, et al, Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States: 2000 (Nashville, TN, 2002), http://www.glenmary.org/grc/RCMS-2000
61. Martin B. Bradley, et al., Churches and Church Membership in the United States: 1990 (Atlanta, 1992)
62. Gary W. McDonogh, "Catholic Aesthetics in the South: An Anthropological Approximation," The Culture of Bible Belt Catholics, ed. John W. Anderson and William B. Friend (Mahwah, NJ, 1995)
63. Quote is from Robert Widdell, "An African-American Dilemma: Drexel Catholic High School, Atlanta, and the Price of School Desegregation," unpublished paper, Emory University, 2000
64. Michael J. McNally, "A Peculiar Institution: A History of Catholic Parish Life in the Southeast (1850-1980)" in The American Catholic Parish: A History from 1850 to the Present, ed. Jay P. Dolan (New York, 1987), 117-224
65. Gary Wray McDonogh, Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia (Knoxville: 1993), 122-32
66. On race and desegregation in Atlanta, see Ronald Bayor, Race and the Shaping of Twentieth Century Atlanta (Chapel Hill and London, 1996)
67. William Hoffman to Archbishop Donnellan, Sept. 26, 1984, Box 014/1, Folder 4, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
68. Letter from Father Jose Fernandez, 1981, Box 014/1, Folder 4, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
69. Sister Pilar Dalmau to Father Peter Ludden, May 20, 1988, Box 014/1, Folder 9, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
70. Interview with Father Jorge Christancho, July 30, 1999
71. Interview with Gonzalo Saldaña, June 20, 2000
72. Martha Woodson Rees and T. Danyael Miller, Quienes Somos? Que Necesitamos?: Needs Assessment of Hispanics in the Archdiocese of Atlanta (Atlanta), March 25, 2002, 33
73. Matovina, Horizons of the Sacred, 4-7
74. Dolan and Hinojosa, eds., Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 177-84
75. Interview with Father Carlos García-Carreras, January 21, 2000
76. Timothy Kelly and Joseph Kelly, "Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Gender Roles, and the Decline of Devotional Catholicism," Journal of Social History 32 (Fall 1998): 5-26
77. Robert A. Orsi, Thank You, St. Jude: Women's Devotion to the Saint of Hopeless Causes (New Haven, 1996), 33-34
78. McDonogh, "Catholic Aesthetics in the South: An Anthropological Approximation," 203
79. Father Jorge Christancho, "Perspectives on the Hispanic Ministry," talk presented on March 16, 1992
80. Box 014/2, Folder 15, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; "Spanish Prayer Group Creates Ties that Bind," Dekalb Extra, 1991
81. Report by the Archdiocesan Hispanic Pastoral Council and the Office of the Hispanic Apostolate, 1988, Box 014/1, Folder 9, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; Sister Pilar Dalmau to Father Peter Ludden, May 20, 1988, Box 014/1, Folder 9, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
82. Interview with Father Joseph Fahy, May 2, 2001, Sept. 25, 2003
83. "Brief History of Our Lady of the Americas Catholic Mission," prepared by staff members of the Misión Católica, February 1999, a copy is my personal possession; Interview with Father Jorge Christancho, July 30, 1999
84. "Catholic Center Seeks Home," Dekalb Extra, March 28, 1991
85. Father Jorge Christancho, "Perspectives on the Hispanic Ministry"; Interview with Father Jorge Christancho, July 30, 1999
86. "Archbishop Marino Dies at New York Retreat Center," Georgia Bulletin, November 16, 2000. Although his father was Puerto Rican, Marino identified himself publicly as African American, and was so identified within the Catholic Church
87. Father Jorge Christancho, "Perspectives on the Hispanic Ministry," Talk presented on March 16,1992, Box 014/2, Folder 15, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
88. "Brief History of Our Lady of the Americas Catholic Mission," February 1999
89. "Archbishop Marino: Hispanic Presence is Gift and Challenge," Georgia Bulletin, Jan. 4, 1990
90. Report by the Archdiocesan Hispanic Pastoral Council and the Office of the Hispanic Apostolate of the Archdiocese of Atlanta, 1988; Sister Pilar Dalmau to Father Peter Ludden, May 17, 1988, Box 014/1, Folder 9, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; Archbishop Eugene Marino to Reverend Edward Salazar, July 25, 1988, Box 014/1, Folder 9, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; "Job Title: Episcopal Vicar for Hispanics," April 25, 1989, Box 014/1, Folder 10, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
91. Reverend Edward Salazar to Reverend Terry Kane, June 22, 1989, Box 014/1, Folder 10, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; "Apostolado Hispano," brochure, (no date), Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
92. Father Salazar, "Deaneries of the Archdiocese of Atlanta," Nov. 29, 1990, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; Hispanic Pastoral Plan Evaluation Committee to Father Edward Salazar, Feb. 11, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
93. Office of the Hispanic Apostolate, "Budget Proposal, 1989-90," Box 014/1, Folder 10, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
94. "Brief History of Our Lady of the Americas Catholic Mission"; "Apostolado Hispano," Brochure (undated), Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
95. Interview with Roberto and Juan, August 4, 1999
96. Interview with Teodoro Maus, Mexican Consul General, Summer 2000
97. Reverend Peter Dora to Most Reverend James Lyke, Dec. 10, 1990, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
98. See also Reverend James Miceli to Most Reverend James Lyke, March 28, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
99. "Summary of the Northeast Rural Deanery Meeting," May 22, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
100. Father Dora to Most Reverend Lyke, April 3, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
101. "Catholic Center Seeks Home," DeKalb Extra, March 28, 1991
102. Ms. Dot Self to Eugene Marino, August 28, 1989, Box 014/1, Folder 10, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives; Father Jorge Christancho, "Perspectives on the Hispanic Ministry."
103. Most Reverend James Lyke to Reverend Jorge Christancho, March 14, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
104. "Minutes" of Archdiocesan Council Meeting on November 17, 1990, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
105. "IHM Ministers at Centro Católico," The Georgia Bulletin, April 11, 1991
106. Archdiocesan Hispanic Pastoral Council to Most Reverend James Lyke, June 12, 1991
107. Most Reverend James Lyke to Archdiocesan Hispanic Pastoral Council, July 8, 1991
108. Ernesto Perez to Most Reverend James Lyke, July 14, 1991
109. Most Reverend James Lyke to Ernesto Perez, July 23, 1991 (all 4 letters located in Box 014/2, Folder 13, Archdioceses of Atlanta Archives)
110. Most Reverend James Lyke to Rev. Jorge Christancho, March 14, 1991, Box 014/2, Folder 12, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
111. Gonzalo Saldaña to Archbishop James Lyke, April 2, 1992, Box 014/2 Folder 14, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
112. Rev. Richard Kieran to Archbishop James Lyke, October 28, 1992, Box 014/2, Folder 14, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives
113. Interview with Father Carlos García-Carreras, January 21, 2000 & January 27, 2000
114. "Brief History of Our Lady of the Americas Catholic Mission"; "Ideario de la Misión," prepared by staff members of the Misión, no date, (copy in author's personal possession); Interview with Sister Ricarda, March 13, 2001
115. See also Matovina, "Companion in Exile"; Matovina, "Guadalupan Devotions in a Borderlands Community," Journal of Hispanic/Latino Theology 4 (August 1996): 6-26
116. Interview with Sister Ricarda, March 13, 2001
117. Rees and Miller, Quienes Somos? Que Necesitamos?: Needs Assessment of Hispanics in the Archdiocese of Atlanta
118. Atlanta Journal Constitution, July 12, 1999, A8
119. Rees and Miller, Quienes Somos? Que Necesitamos?: Needs Assessment of Hispanics in the Archdiocese of Atlanta; Mundo Hispanico, December 7, 2000, 31-32
120. Mundo Hispanico, December 6, 2001, 22
121. "Hispanic Ministry at the Turn of the New Millennium: A Report of the Bishops' Committee on Hispanic Affairs," (November 1999) (http://www.usccb.org/hispanicaffairs/study.htm), 19-20
122. Jaime R. Vidal, "Proselytism of Hispanic Migrants: A Challenge to the American Church," paper presented to the Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, (no date), Box 014/2, Folder 13, Archdiocese of Atlanta Archives