Carnitine as an antidote for acute valproate toxicity in children

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 206-210

  Russell, Scott ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antidote; Carnitine; Hepatotoxicity; Toxicity; Valproic acid

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; CHARCOAL; VALPROIC ACID;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; ALLERGIC REACTION; DIARRHEA; DRUG METABOLISM; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; LIVER TOXICITY; METABOLISM; NAUSEA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE; SURVIVAL RATE; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; VOMITING; WEAKNESS;

ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIDOTES; CARNITINE; CHILD; HUMANS; POISONING; VALPROIC ACID; VITAMIN B COMPLEX;

EID: 34247622195     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32805e879a     Document Type: Review

References (16)

1. Sztajnkrycer MD. Valproic acid toxicity: overview and management. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40:789-801.
2. Roberge RJ, Francis EH 3rd. Use of naloxone in valproic acid overdose: case report and review. J Emerg Med 2002; 22:67-70.
3. Lheureux PE, Penaloza A, Zahir S, Gris M. Science review: carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity - what is the evidence? Crit Care 2005; 9:431-440. This recently published review article discusses many of the same concerns regarding the toxicity of VPA and the toxicology and pharmacology of Carnitine as an antidote.
4. Raskind JY, El-Chaar GM. The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34:630-638.
5. Spiller HA, et al. Multicentre case series of valproic acid ingestion: serum concentrations and toxicity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38:755-760.
6. LoVecchio F, Shriki J, Samaddar R. L-carnitine was safely administered in the setting of valproate toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23:321-322.
7. Minari M, Maggiore U, Tagliavini D, et al. Severe acute valproic acid intoxication successfully treated with hemodiafiltration without hemoperfusion. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39:204-205.
8. Verrotti A, Trotta D, Morgese G, Chiarelli F. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2002; 17:367-373.
9. Bohles H, Sewell AC, Wenzel D. The effect of carnitine supplementation in valproate-induced hyperammonemia. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85:446-449.
10. De Vivo DC, Bohan TP, Coulter DL, et al. L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspective. Epilepsia 1998; 39:1216-1225.
11. Gidal BE, Inglese CM, Meyer JF, et al. Diet- and valproate-induced transient hyperammonemia: effect of L-carnitine. Pediatr Neurol 1997; 16:301-305.
12. Ishikura H, Matsuo N, Matsubara M, et al. Valproic acid overdose and L-carnitine therapy. J Anal Toxicol 1996; 20:55-58.
13. Murakami K, Sugimoto T, Woo M, et al. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication. Epilepsia 1996; 37:687-689.
14. Bohan TP, Helton E, McDonald I, et al. Effect of L-carnitine treatment for valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Neurology 2001; 56:1405-1409.
15. Perez A, McKay CA. Role of carnitine in valproic acid toxicity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41:899.
16. Sztajnkrycer MD. A reply to 'carnitine' and 'role of carnitine in valproic acid toxicity'. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41:901-902.