Long-term estrogen deficiency lowers regional blood flow, resting systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in exercising premenopausal women

American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 292, Issue 5, 2007, Pages

  O'Donnell, Emma ^a   Harvey, Paula J ^b   Goodman, Jack M ^a   De Souza, Mary Jane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Exercise associated amenorrhea; Menstrual aberrations; Vascular resistance

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN;

ADULT; AMENORRHEA; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; BLOOD FLOW; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NORMAL HUMAN; PREMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SITTING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

ADULT; AMENORRHEA; BLOOD PRESSURE; ESTROGENS; ESTRONE; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; PREGNANEDIOL; PREMENOPAUSE; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW;

EID: 34247575766     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: 15221555     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00547.2006     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Arnal JF, Clamens S, Pechet C, Negre-Salvayre A, Allera C, Girolami JP, Salvayre R, Bayard F. Ethinylestradiol does not enhance the expression of nitric oxide synthase in bovine endothelial cells but increases the release of bioactive nitric oxide by inhibiting superoxide anion production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 4108-4113, 1996.
2. Ayres S, Baer J, Subbiah MT. Exercised-induced increase in lipid peroxidation parameters in amenorrheic female athletes. Fertil Steril 69: 73-77, 1998.
3. Bayliss WM. On the local reactions of the arterial wall to changes of internal pressure. J Physiol 28: 220-231, 1902.
4. Beitins IZ, McArthur JW, Turnbull BA, Skrinar GS, Bullen BA. Exercise induces two types of human luteal dysfunction: confirmation by urinary free progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72: 1350-1358, 1991.
5. Best PJ, Berger PB, Miller VM, Lerman A. The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 128: 285-288, 1998.
6. Blumel JE, Castelo-Branco C, Leal T, Gallardo L, Saini J, Ferron S, Haya J. Effects of transdermal estrogens on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary disease. Climacteric 6: 38-44, 2003.
7. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Miller OI, Sullivan ID, Lloyd JK, Deanfield JE. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 340: 1111-1115, 1992.
8. Clifford PS, Hellsten Y. Vasodilatory mechanisms in contracting skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 97: 393-403, 2004.
9. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 316: 1105-1110, 1987.
10. De Souza MJ, Miller BE, Loucks AB, Luciano AA, Pescatello LS, Campbell CG, Lasley BL. High frequency of luteal phase deficiency and anovulation in recreational women runners: blunted elevation in follicle-stimulating hormone observed during luteal-follicular transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 4220-4232, 1998.
11. De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Physiological aspects and clinical sequelae of energy deficiency and hypoestrogenism in exercising women. Hum Reprod Update 10: 433-448, 2004.
12. Dubey RK, Gillespie DG, Zacharia LC, Rosselli M, Korzekwa KR, Fingerle J, Jackson EK. Methoxyestradiols mediate the antimitogenic effects of estradiol on vascular smooth muscle cells via estrogen receptorin-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 278: 27-33, 2000.
13. Freyschuss U, Fohlin L, Thoren C. Limb circulation in anorexia nervosa. Acta Paediatr Scand 67: 225-228, 1978.
14. Galetta F, Franzoni F, Prattichizzo F, Rolla M, Santoro G, Pentimone F. Heart rate variability and left ventricular diastolic function in anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc Health 32: 416-421, 2003.
15. 2max among highly trained athletes. J Appl Physiol 87: 1368-1372, 1999.
16. Joyner MJ, Dietz NM, Shepherd JT. From Belfast to Mayo and beyond: the use and future of plethysmography to study blood flow in human limbs. J Appl Physiol 91: 2431-2441, 2001.
17. Kaplan ML, Cheslow Y, Vikstrom K, Malhotra A, Geenen DL, Nakouzi A, Leinwand LA, Buttrick PM. Cardiac adaptations to chronic exercise in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 267: H1167-H1173, 1994.
18. Katzman DK. Medical complications in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord Suppl 37: S52-S59, 2005.
19. Kesner JS, Wright DM, Schrader SM, Chin NW, Krieg EF Jr. Methods of monitoring menstrual function in field studies: efficacy of methods. Reprod Toxicol 3: 85-400, 1992.
20. Klabunde R. Cardiovasucular Physiology Concepts. Philidelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
21. Koller A, Bagi Z. On the role of mechanosensitive mechanisms eliciting reactive hyperemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H2250-H2259, 2002.
22. Krantz MJ, Mehler PS. Resting tachycardia, a warning sign in anorexia nervosa: case report (Abstract). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 4: 10, 2004.
23. Kyriakides ZS, Petinakis P, Kaklamanis L, Lyras T, Sbarouni E, Karayannakos P, Iliopoulos D, Kremastinos DT. Gender does not influence angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a rabbit model of chronic hind limb ischemia. Int J Cardiol 92: 83-91, 2003.
24. Lamon-Fava S, Fisher EC, Nelson ME, Evans WJ, Millar JS, Ordovas JM, Schaefer EJ. Effect of exercise and menstrual cycle status on plasma lipids, low density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoproteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68: 17-21, 1989.
25. Lamping KG, Christensen LP, Tomanek RJ. Estrogen therapy induces collateral and microvascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285: H2039-H2044, 2003.
26. Landsberg L, Young JB. Fasting, feeding and regulation of the sympathetic nervous system. N Engl J Med 298: 1295-1301, 1978.
27. Lieberman EH, Gerhard MD, Uehata A, Walsh BW, Selwyn AP, Ganz P, Yeung AC, Creager MA. Estrogen improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 121: 936-941, 1994.
28. Lloyd PG, Yang HT, Terjung RL. Arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb: role of nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281: H2528-H2538, 2001.
29. Losordo DW, Isner JM. Estrogen and angiogenesis: a review. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21: 6-12, 2001.
30. Loucks AB, Verdun M, Heath EM. Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. J Appl Physiol 84: 37-46, 1998.
31. Miller RC, Brindle E, Holman DJ, Shofer J, Klein NA, Soules MR, O'Connor KA. Comparison of specific gravity and creatinine for normalizing urinary reproductive hormone concentrations. Clin Chem 50: 924-932, 2004.
32. Moreau KL, Donato AJ, Seals DR, DeSouza CA, Tanaka H. Regular exercise, hormone replacement therapy and the age-related decline in carotid arterial compliance in healthy women. Cardiovasc Res 57: 861-868, 2003.
33. Moreau KL, Donato AJ, Tanaka H, Jones PP, Gates PE, Seals DR. Basal leg blood flow in healthy women is related to age and hormone replacement therapy status. J Physiol 547: 309-316, 2003.
34. Munro CJ, Stabenfeldt GH, Cragun JR, Addiego LA, Overstreet JW, Lasley BL. Relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the excretion profiles of their major urinary metabolites as measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay. Clin Chem 37: 838-844, 1991.
35. Pardo Y, Merz CN, Velasquez I, Paul-Labrador M, Agarwala A, Peter CT. Exercise conditioning and heart rate variability: evidence of a threshold effect. Clin Cardiol 23: 615-620, 2000.
36. Persico N, Mancini F, Artini PG, de Iaco P, Volpe A, de Aloysio D, Battaglia C. Transdermal HRT and Doppler findings in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal patients. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26: 546-551, 2005.
37. Reading J, Goodman J, Plyley MJ, McLaughlin PR, Liu PP, Floras P, Shephard RJ. Design of a calf muscle ergometer for the study of local muscle blood flow. Can J Sport Sci 17: 91-93, 1992.
38. Rickenlund A, Eriksson MJ, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Hirschberg AL. Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and unfavorable lipid profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1354-1359, 2005.
39. Romano C, Chinali M, Pasanisi F, Greco R, Celentano A, Rocco A, Palmieri V, Signorini A, Contaldo F, de Simone G. Reduced hemodynamic load and cardiac hypotrophy in patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 77: 308-312, 2003.
40. Sakamoto M, Uen T, Nakamura T, Hashimoto O, Sakata R, Kin M, Ogata R, Kawaguch T, Torimura T, Sata M. Estrogen upregulates nitric oxide synthase expression in cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. J Hepatol 34: 858-864, 2001.
41. Santoro N, Crawford SL, Allsworth JE, Gold EB, Greendale GA, Korenman S, Lasley BL, McConnell D, McGaffigan P, Midgely R, Schocken M, Sowers M, Weiss G. Assessing menstrual cycles with urinary hormone assays. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E521-E530, 2003.
42. Sugawara J, Murakami H, Maeda S, Kuno S, Matsuda M. Change in post-exercise vagal reactivation with exercise training and detraining in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 85: 259-263, 2001.
43. Takahashi K, Tanaka E, Murakami M, Mori-Abe A, Kawagoe J, Takata K, Ohmichi M, Kurachi H. Long-term hormone replacement therapy delays the age related progression of carotid intima-media thickness in healthy postmenopausal women. Maturitas 49: 170 -177, 2004.
44. Warren MP. Health issues for women athletes: exercise-induced amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 1892-1896, 1999.
45. Yoshida N, Ikeda H, Sugi K, Imaizumi T. Impaired endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in young female athletes with exercise-associated amenorrhea. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26: 231-232, 2006.
46. Zeni Hoch A, Dempsey RL, Carrera GF, Wilson CR, Chen EH, Barnabei VM, Sandford PR, Ryan TA, Gutterman DD. Is there an association between athletic amenorrhea and endothelial cell dysfunction? Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 377-383, 2003.