On constitutional welfare liberalism: An old-liberal perspective

Social Philosophy and Policy

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 266-288

  Zuckert, Michael P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

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EID: 34247483201     PISSN: 02650525     EISSN: 14716437     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0265052507070112     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), I.58.
2. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Peter Nidditch (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), II.21.62.
3. Michael P. Zuckert, Launching Liberalism (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), 224.
4. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. Richard Tuck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), chap. 14, p. 91.
5. Locke, Two Treatises, II.27.
6. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, ed. Anne M. Cohler, Basia C. Miller, and Harold S. Stone (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
7. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 2001), No. 10, p. 46.
8. Ibid., No. 39, p. 194.
9. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859), in A. D. Lindsay, ed., Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representative Government (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1950), 95.
10. For Jefferson on education, see "A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge" (1779), in Joyce Appleby and Terrence Ball, eds., Jefferson: Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 235-43;
11. and Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, query XIV, in Harvey Mansfield, ed., Selected Writings: Jefferson (Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Corp., 1979), 43-46.
12. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974). In Mill's own application of his harm principle, he was often less stringent than the explicit formulation of the doctrine would seem to require. Thus, for example, he also supported a system of compulsory, but not publicly provided, education. On Mill and education,
13. see E. G. West, "Liberty and Education: John Stuart Mill's Dilemma," Philosophy (April 1965): 35-48.
14. Mill, On Liberty, 97.
15. See John Stuart Mill, Considerations on Representative Government, in Lindsay, ed., Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representative Government.
16. For Mill on socialism, see his "Chapters on Socialism," in Stefan Collini, ed., J. S. Mill: "On Liberty" and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 219-80.
17. See, e.g., Lionel Robbins, The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy (London: Macmillan and Co., 1953);
18. Jacob Viner, "The Intellectual History of Laissez-Faire," The Journal of Law and Economics 3 (October 1960), 45-69;
19. and Ellen Frankel Paul, Moral Revolution and Economic Science: The Demise of Laissez-Faire in Nineteenth-Century British Political Economy (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979).
20. See, e.g., T. H. Green, Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
21. See esp. Cass Sunstein, The Second Bill of Rights: FDA's Unfinished Revolution and Why We Need It More Than Ever (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
22. On the various types of liberals, see T. H. Marshall, Class, Citizenship, and Social Development (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
23. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).
24. Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (New York: Macmillan and Co., 1913).
25. Sunstein, Second Bill of Rights, 203-4.
26. Ibid., 17-34;
27. Sotirios Barber, Welfare and the Constitution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), 8-12, 65-68.
28. Barber, Welfare and the Constitution, 63.
29. Stephen Holmes, Passions and Constraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 257-58;
30. Barber, Welfare and the Constitution, 44.
31. Charles A. Reich, "The New Property," Yale Law Journal 73 (1964): 733;
32. Frank Michelman, "On Protecting the Poor through the Fourteenth Amendment," Harvard Law Review 83 (1969): 7.
33. For an account of how that did not happen, see Sunstein, Second Bill of Rights, 149-75.
34. DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1989).
35. Lawrence Sager, Justice in Plain Clothes (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004), 84-128.
36. Barber, Welfare and the Constitution, 68-71, 82-86.
37. Sunstein, Second Bill of Rights, 209-30.
38. Stephen Holmes and Cass Sunstein, The Cost of Rights: Why Liberty Depends on Taxes (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 35-48.
39. Ibid., 39, 40.
40. Ibid., 40.
41. Ibid., 42.
42. Ibid., 43.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., 44.
45. Ibid., 43-44.
46. Ibid., 40.
47. This list comes from Section 1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 as reprinted in Henry Steele Commager, ed., Documents of American History, 7th ed. (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963), 464.
48. Admittedly, the recent Supreme Court case Kelo v. New London, 545 U.S. (2005), throws some of this into question as valid constitutional law by supplying a very loose notion of "public purpose." The analysis nonetheless remains cogent within the framework of Lockean liberalism.
49. Holmes and Sunstein, Cost of Rights, 115-16.
50. Ibid., citing Aristotle.
51. Barber, Welfare and the Constitution, 15, 19, 49, 52.
52. Ibid., 6.
53. Ibid., 44, 51, 57.
54. Ibid., 92-96.
55. Ibid., 1.
56. On the original federalism, see Michael P. Zuckert, "Federalism and the Founding: Toward a Reinterpretation of the Constitutional Convention," Review of Politics 48 (1986): 166-210.
57. On the change in federalism effected by the Fourteenth Amendment, see Michael P. Zuckert, "Completing the Constitution: The Fourteenth Amendment and Constitutional Rights," Publius 22 (1992) 69-91;
58. and Michael P. Zuckert, "Congressional Power under the Fourteenth Amendment - the Original Understanding of Section Five," Constitutional Commentary 3 (1986): 123.