Retreat dynamics of Younger Dryas glaciers in the far NW Scottish Highlands reconstructed from moraine sequences

Scottish Geographical Journal

Volumn 122, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 308-325

  Lukas, Sven ^a,b   Benn, Douglas I ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY CENTRE IN SVALBARD   (Norway)

Author keywords

Deglaciation; Glacier dynamics; Moraines; Scottish Highlands; Younger Dryas

Indexed keywords

DEGLACIATION; GLACIER DYNAMICS; GLACIER RETREAT; HOLOCENE; MORAINE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; YOUNGER DRYAS;

ARCTIC; EURASIA; EUROPE; HIGHLAND; ICELAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; NORWAY; SCANDINAVIA; SCOTLAND; SKYE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 34247477259     PISSN: 14702541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14702540701235142     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Anderson, D. E. (1997) Younger Dryas research and its implications for understanding abrupt climatic change, Progress in Physical Geography, 21, pp. 230-249.
2. Bahr, D. B., Pfeffer, W. T., Sassolas, C. & Meier, M. F. (1998) Response time of glaciers as a function of size and mass balance: 1. Theory, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, pp. 9777-9782.
3. Ballantyne, C. K. (1991) Holocene geomorphic activity in the Scottish Highlands, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 107, pp. 84-98.
4. Ballantyne, C. K. (2002) The Loch Lomond Readvance on the Isle of Mull, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications, Journal of Quaternary Science, 17, pp. 759-771.
5. Benn, D. I. (1990) Scottish Lateglacial moraines: debris supply, genesis and significance. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of St Andrews.
6. Benn, D. I. (1992) The genesis and significance of 'hummocky moraine': evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, pp. 781-799.
7. Benn, D. I. (1997) Glacier fluctuations in western Scotland, Quaternary International, 38/39, pp. 137-147.
8. Benn, D. I. & Ballantyne, C. K. (2005) Palaeoclimatic reconstruction from Loch Lomond Readvance glaciers in the West Drumochter Hills, Scotland, Journal of Quaternary Science, 20.
9. Benn, D. I. & Evans, D. J. A. (1998) Glaciers and Glaciation (London: Arnold).
10. Benn, D. I. & Lehmkuhl, F. (2000) Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments, Quaternary International, 65/66, pp. 15-29.
11. Benn, D. I. & Lukas, S. (2006) Younger Dryas glacial landsystems in North West Scotland: an assessment of modern analogues and palaeoclimatic implications, Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, pp. 2390-2408.
12. Benn, D. I. & Owen, L. A. (2002) Himalayan glacial sedimentary environments: a framework for reconstructing and dating the former extent of glaciers in high mountains, Quaternary International, 97/98, pp. 3-25.
13. Benn, D. I., Lowe, J. J. & Walker, M. J. C. (1992) Glacier response to climatic change during the Loch Lomond Stadial and early Flandrian: geomorphological and palynological evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, pp. 125-144.
14. Bennett, M. R. (2001) The morphology, structural evolution and significance of push moraines, Earth-Science Reviews, 53, pp. 197-236.
15. Bennett, M. R. & Boulton, G. S. (1993a) A reinterpretation of Scottish 'hummocky moraine' and its significance for the deglaciation of the Scottish Highlands during the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial, Geological Magazine, 130, pp. 301-318.
16. Bennett, M. R. & Boulton, G. S. (1993b) Deglaciation of the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial ice-field in the northern Highlands, Scotland, Journal of Quaternary Science, 8, pp. 133-146.
17. Bennett, M. R., Hambrey, M. J., Huddart, D. & Glasser, N. F. (1998) Glacial thrusting & moraine-mound formation in Svalbard & Britain: the example of Coire a' Cheud-chnoic (Valley of hundred hills), Torridon, Scotland, Quaternary Proceedings, 6, pp. 17-34.
18. Bickerton, R. W. & Matthews, J. A. (1993) 'Little Ice Age' variations of outlet glaciers from the Jostedalsbreen ice-cap, southern Norway: a regional lichenometric-dating study of ice-marginal moraine sequences and their climatic significance, Journal of Quaternary Science, 8, pp. 45-66.
19. Bradwell, T. (2004) Annual moraines and summer temperatures at Lambatungnajökull, Iceland, Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 36, pp. 502-508.
20. Brooks, S. J. & Birks, H. J. B. (2000) Chironomid-inferred late-glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, south-east Scotland, Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, pp. 759-764.
21. Charlesworth, J. K. (1955) Late-glacial history of the Highlands and islands of Scotland, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 63, pp. 769-928.
22. Clapperton, C. M. (1997) Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediments: implications for the Last Glaciation in Scotland, in: J. E. Gordon (Ed.) Reflections on the Ice Age in Scotland - An Update on Quaternary Studies, pp. 45-58 (Glasgow: Scottish Association of Geography Teachers).
23. 10Be age constraints for the Wester Ross Readvance moraine: insights into British ice-sheet behaviour, Geografiska Annaler, 88A, pp. 9-17.
24. Golledge, N. R. & Hubbard, A. (2005) Evaluating Younger Dryas glacier reconstructions in part of the western Scottish Highlands: a combined empirical and theoretical approach, Boreas, 34, pp. 274-286.
25. Gray, J. M. (1997) Geomorphological change in the Scottish Late-glacial, in: J. E. Gordon (Ed.) Reflections on the Ice Age in Scotland - An Update on Quaternary Studies, pp. 95-104 (Glasgow: Scottish Association of Geography Teachers).
26. Hambrey, M. J., Huddart, D., Bennett, M. R. & Glasser, N. F. (1997) Genesis of 'hummocky moraines' by thrusting of glacier ice: evidence from Svalbard and Britain, Journal of the Geological Society of London, 154, pp. 623-632.
27. Hambrey, M. J., Bennett, M. R., Glasser, N. F. & Huddart, D. (2001) High-arctic glaciers as analogues for glacial landform development in Britain, Geology Today, 17, pp. 24-28.
28. Hubbard, A. (1999) High-resolution modeling of the advance of the Younger Dryas Ice Sheet and its climate in Scotland, Quaternary Research, 52, pp. 27-43.
29. Isarin, R. F. B. & Renssen, H. (1999) Reconstructing and modelling Late Weichselian climates: the Younger Dryas in Europe as a case study, Earth-Science Reviews, 48, pp. 1-38.
30. Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Kubik, P. W. & Schlüchter, C. (2006) Glacier response in the European Alps to Heinrich Event 1 cooling: the Gschnitz stadial, Journal of Quaternary Science, 21, pp. 115-130.
31. Johnstone, G. S. & Mykura, W. (1989) British Regional Geology - The Northern Highlands of Scotland (London: HMSO).
32. Krüger, J. (1994) Glacial processes, sediments, landforms, and stratigraphy in the terminus region of Myrdalsjökull, Iceland, Folia Geographica Danica, pp. 1-233.
33. Krüger, J. (1995) Origin, chronology and climatological significance of annual-moraine ridges at Myrdalsjökull, Iceland, The Holocene, 5, pp. 420-427.
34. Krüger, J. (1996) Moraine ridges formed from subglacial frozen-on sediment slabs and their differentiation from push moraines, Boreas, 25, pp. 57-63.
35. Liedtke, H. (1981) Die nordischen Vereisungen in Mitteleuropa. 2. Auflage, Forschungen zur deutschen Landeskunde, 204, pp. 1-307.
36. Lukas, S. (2003) Scottish Landform Example No. 31. The moraines around the Pass of Drumochter, Scottish Geographical Journal, 119, pp. 383-393.
37. Lukas, S. (2005a) Younger Dryas moraines in the NW Highlands of Scotland: genesis, significance and potential modern analogues. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of St Andrews.
38. Lukas, S. (2005b) A test of the englacial thrusting hypothesis of 'hummocky' moraine formation - case studies from the north-west Highlands, Scotland, Boreas, 34, pp. 287-307.
39. Lukas, S. (2006) Morphostratigraphic principles in glacier reconstruction - a perspective from the British Younger Dryas, Progress in Physical Geography, 30, pp. 719-736.
40. Lukas, S. & Lukas, T. (2006a) A glacial geological and geomorphological map of the far NW Highlands, Scotland. Part 1, Journal of Maps, pp. 43-55.
41. Lukas, S. & Lukas, T. (2006b) A glacial geological and geomorphological map of the far NW Highlands, Scotland. Part 2, Journal of Maps, pp. 56-58.
42. Lønne, I. (2005) Faint traces of high Arctic glaciations: an early Holocene ice-front fluctuation in Bolterdalen, Svalbard. Boreas, 34, pp. 308-323.
43. McAvaney, B. J. & others (2001) Model evaluation, in: J. T. Houghton and others (Eds) Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, pp. 473-523 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
44. McDougall, D. A. (2001) The geomorphological impact of Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial plateau icefields in the central Lake District, northwest England, Journal of Quaternary Science, 16, pp. 531-544.
45. Nesje, A., Johannessen, T. & Birks, H. J. B. (1995) Briksdalsbreen, western Norway: climatic effects on the terminal response of a temperate glacier between AD 1901 and 1994, The Holocene, 5, pp. 343-347.
46. Park, R. G. (2005) The Lewisian terrane model: a review, Scottish Journal of Geology, 41, pp. 105-118.
47. Penck, A. & Brückner, E. (1901/1909) Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter (Leipzig: Tauchnitz).
48. Rahmstorf, S. (2002) Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years, Nature, 419, pp. 207-214.
49. Read, H. H. (1931) The Geology of Central Sutherland (Edinburgh: HMSO).
50. Read, H. H., Phemister, J. & Ross, G. (1926) The Geology of Strath Oykell and Lower Loch Shin (Edinburgh: HMSO).
51. Robinson, M. & Ballantyne, C. K. (1979) Evidence for a glacial readvance pre-dating the Loch Lomond Advance in Wester Ross, Scottish Journal of Geology, 15, pp. 271-277.
52. Sharp, M. (1984) Annual moraine ridges at Skàlafellsjökull, south-east Iceland, Journal of Glaciology, 30, pp. 82-93.
53. Sissons, J. B. (1967) The Evolution of Scotland's Scenery (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd).
54. Sissons, J. B. (1977) The Loch Lomond Readvance in the northern mainland of Scotland, in: J. M. Gray & J. J. Lowe (Eds) Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment, pp. 45-59 (Oxford: Pergamon Press).
55. Sutherland, D. G. (1984) The Quaternary deposits and landforms of Scotland and the neighbouring shelves: a review, Quaternary Science Reviews, 3, pp. 157-254.
56. Tarasov, L. & Peltier, W. R. (2005) Arctic freshwater forcing of the Younger Dryas cold reversal, Nature, 435, pp. 662-665.
57. Winkler, S. (1996a) Front variations from outlet glaciers of Jostedalsbreen, western Norway, during the 20th century, Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin, 431, pp. 33-47.
58. Winkler, S. (1996b) Frührezente und rezente Gletscherstandssschwankungen in Ostalpen und West-/Zentralnorwegen. Ein regionaler Vergleich von Chronologie, Ursachen und glazialmorphologischen Auswirkungen, Trierer Geographische Studien, 15, pp. 1-579.
59. Winkler, S. & Haakensen, N. (1999) Kritische Überprufung der Möglichkeit zur Prognose des Gletscherverhaltens auf der Grundlage von Modellierungen - dargestellt anhand von regionalen Beispielen aus Norwegen, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 143, pp. 291-304.
60. Winkler, S., Haakensen, N., Nesje, A. & Rye, N. (1997) Glaziale Dynamik in Westnorwegen - Ablauf und Ursachen des aktuellen Gletschervorstoßes am Jostedalsbreen, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 141, pp. 43-63.
61. Winkler, S., Matthews, J. A., Shakesby, R. A. & Dresser, P. O. (2003) Glacier variations in Breheimen, southern Norway: dating Little Ice Age moraine sequences at seven low-altitude glaciers, Journal of Quaternary Science, 18, pp. 395-413.