Neighborhood effects on felony sentencing

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 238-263

  Wooldredge, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

Extralegal effects; Imprisonment; Neighborhood; Sentence length

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247476817     PISSN: 00224278     EISSN: 1552731X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022427807299825     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Albonetti, Celesta. 1990. Race and the Probability of Pleading Guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6: 315-34.
2. _. 1991. An Integration of Theories to Explain Judicial Discretion. Social Problems 38: 247-66.
3. _. 1994. The Symbolic Punishment of White-collar Offenders. Pp. 269-322 in Inequality, Crime, and Social Control, edited by G. Bridges and M. Myers. Boulder, CO: Westview.
4. _. 1997. Sentencing Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Effects of Defendant Characteristics, Guilty Pleas, and Departures on Sentence Outcomes for Drug Offenses, 1991-1992. Law Society Review 31: 789-822.
5. _. 1999. The Avoidance of Punishment: A Legal-Bureaucratic Model of Suspended Sentences in Federal White-Collar Cases Prior to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Social Forces 78: 303-29.
6. Berk, Richard. 1983. An Introduction to Sample Selection Bias in Sociological Data. American Sociological Review 48: 386-98.
7. Berk, Richard, Azusa Li, and Laura Hickman. 2005. Statistical Difficulties in Determining the Role of Race in Capital Cases: A Re-analysis of Data from the State of Maryland. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 21: 365-90.
8. Blalock, Hubert. 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. New York: John Wiley.
9. Blumer, Herbert. 1955. Reflections on Theory of Race Relations. Pp. 3-21 in Race Relations in World Perspective, edited by Andrew Lind. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
10. Bobo, Lawrence and Vincent Hutchings. 1996. Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer's Theory of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context. American Sociological Review 61: 951-72.
11. Brantingham, Patricia and Paul Brantingham. 1993. Nodes, Paths and Edges: Considerations on the Complexity of Crime and the Physical Environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology 13: 3-28.
12. Britt, Chester. 2000. Social Context and Racial Disparities in Punishment Decisions. Justice Quarterly 17: 707-32.
13. Casper, Jonathan. 1972. Criminal Courts: The Defendant's Perspective. Washington, DC: National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
14. Clogg, Clifford, Eva Petkova, and Adamantios Haritou. 1995. Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients Between Models. American Journal of Sociology 100: 1261-93.
15. Dixon, Jo. 1995. The Organizational Context of Criminal Sentencing. American Journal of Sociology 100: 1157-98.
16. Eisenstein, James and Herbert Jacob. 1977. Felony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts. Boston: Little-Brown.
17. Eitle, David, Stewart D'Alessio, and Lisa Stolzenberg. 2002. Racial Threat and Social Control: A Test of the Political, Economic, and Threat of Black Crime Hypotheses. Social Forces 81: 557-76.
18. Feeley, Malcolm. 1979. The Process is the Punishment. New York: Russell Sage.
19. Flemming, Roy, Peter Nardulli, and James Eisenstein. 1992. The Craft of Justice: Work and Politics in Criminal Court Communities. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
20. Hawkins, Darnell. 1981. Trends in Black-White Imprisonment: Changing Conceptions of Race or Changing Patterns of Social Control. Crime Social Justice 24: 187-209.
21. Heckman, James. 1976. The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models. Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 5: 475-92.
22. Heumann, Milton. 1978. Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges and Defense Attorneys. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Holmes, Malcolm and Howard Daudistel. 1984. Race and Justice in the Southwest: The Sentencing of Anglo, Black, and Hispanic Defendants. Social Science Quarterly 65: 265-77.
24. Jacob, Herbert. 1973. Urban Justice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
25. Jacoby, Joan. 1977. The Prosecutor's Charging Decision: A Policy Perspective. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
26. . 1980. The American Prosecutor: A Search for Identity. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
27. Johnson, Brian. 2005. Contextual Disparities in Guideline Departures: Courtroom Social Contexts, Guideline Compliance, and Extralegal Disparities in Criminal Sentencing. Criminology 43: 761-96.
28. Karp, David and Todd Clear. 2000. Community Justice: A Conceptual Framework. Pp. 323-68 in Criminal Justice 2000, Volume 2: Boundary Changes in Criminal Justice Organizations. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs.
29. Kautt, Paula. 2002. Location, Location, Location: Interdistrict and Intercircuit Variation in Sentencing Outcomes for Federal Drug-trafficking Offenses. Justice Quarterly 19: 633-71.
30. Kleck, Gary. 1985. Life Support for Ailing Hypotheses: Modes of Summarizing the Evidence for Racial Discrimination in Sentencing. Law Human Behavior 9: 271-85.
31. Klinger, David. 1997. Negotiating Order in Patrol Work: An Ecological Theory of Police Response to Deviance. Criminology 35: 277-306.
32. Kramer, John and Darrell Steffensmeier. 1993. Race and Imprisonment Decisions. Sociological Quarterly 34: 357-76.
33. Kramer, John and Jeffrey Ulmer. 1996. Sentencing Disparity and Departure from Guidelines. Justice Quarterly 13: 81-105.
34. Krivo, Lauren and Ruth Peterson. 1996. Extremely Disadvantaged Neighborhoods and Urban Crime. Social Forces 75: 619-50.
35. . 2000. The Structural Context of Homicide: Accounting for Racial Differences in Process. American Sociological Review 65: 547-59.
36. LaFree, Gary. 1985. Adversarial and Non-adversarial Justice: A Comparison of Guilty Pleas and Trials. Criminology 23: 289-312.
37. Leung, Siu Fai and Shihti Yu. 1996. On the Choice Between Sample Selection and Two-Part Models. Journal of Econometrics 72: 197-229.
38. Liska, Allen and Mitchell Chamlin. 1984. Social Structure and Crime Control Among Macro Units. American Journal of Sociology 90: 383-95.
39. Mauer, Marc. 1999. Race to Incarcerate. New York: New Press.
40. Miethe, Terance and Charles Moore. 1985. Racial Differences in Criminal Processing: The Consequences of Model Selection on Conclusions About Differential Treatment. Sociological Quarterly 27: 217-37.
41. Moore, Charles and Terance Miethe. 1986. Regulated and Unregulated Sentencing Decisions: An Analysis of First-year Practices Under Minnesota's Sentencing Guidelines. Law Society Review 20: 253-77.
42. Myers, Martha and John Hagan. 1979. Private and Public Trouble: Prosecutors and the Allocation of Court Resources. Social Problems 26: 439-51.
43. Nardulli, Peter, James Eisenstein, and Roy Flemming. 1988. Tenor of Justice: Criminal Courts and the Guilty Plea Process. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
44. Nelson, James. 1992. Hidden Disparities in Case Processing: New York State, 1985-1986. Journal of Criminal Justice 20: 181-200.
45. Nobiling, Tracy, Cassia Spohn, and Miriam DeLone. 1998. A Tale of Two Counties: Unemployment and Sentence Severity. Justice Quarterly 15: 459-85.
46. Ousey, Graham. 1999. Homicide, Structural Factors, and the Racial Invariance Assumption. Criminology 37: 405-26.
47. Park, Robert and Ernest Burgess. 1924. Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Peterson, Ruth and John Hagan. 1984. Changing Conceptions of Race: Towards an Account of Anomalous Findings of Sentencing Research. American Sociological Review 49: 56-70.
49. Phillips, Paul. 1980. Characteristics and Typology of the Journey of Crime. Pp. 167-80 in Crime: A Spatial Perspective, edited by Daniel Georges-Abeyie and Keith Harries. New York: Columbia University Press.
50. Raudenbush, Stephen and Anthony Bryk. 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models for Social and Behavioral Research: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
51. Raudenbush, Stephen, Anthony Bryk, Yuk Fai Cheong, Richard Congdon, and Mathilda du Toit. 2004. HLM6: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
52. Rose, Dina and Todd Clear. 1998. Incarceration, Social Capital, and Crime: Implications for Social Disorganization Theory. Criminology 36: 441-79.
53. Sampson, Robert and Janet Lauritsen. 1998. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States. Pp. 311-74 in Race and Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration: Comparative and Cross-national Perspectives, edited by Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54. Sampson, Robert and William Julius Wilson. 1995. Race, Crime and Urban Inequality. Pp. 37-54 in Crime and Inequality, edited by John Hagan and Ruth Peterson. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
55. Spitzer, Steven. 1975. Toward a Marxian Theory of Deviance. Social Problems 22: 638-51.
56. Spohn, Cassia. 1990. The Sentencing Decisions of Black and White Judges: Some Expected and Unexpected Similarities. Law Society Review 24: 1197-1216.
57. . 2000. Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process. Pp. 427-501 in Criminal Justice 2000, Vol. 3: Policies, Processes and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs.
58. Spohn, Cassia and David Holleran. 2000. The Imprisonment Penalty Paid By Young, Unemployed Black and Hispanic Male Offenders. Criminology 38: 281-306.
59. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Chester Britt. 2001. Of General Interest: Judges' Race and Judicial Decision Making: Do Black Judges Sentence Differently? Social Science Quarterly 82: 749-64.
60. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Stephen Demuth. 2000. Ethnicity and Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is Punished More Harshly? American Sociological Review 65: 705-29.
61. Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jeffrey Ulmer, and John Kramer. 1998. The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male. Criminology 36: 763-97.
62. Stolzenberg, Ross and Daniel Relles. 1997. Tools for Intuition About Sample Selection Bias and Its Correction. American Sociological Review 62: 494-507.
63. Sudnow, David. 1965. Normal Crimes: Sociological Features of the Penal Code in a Public Defender Office. Social Problems 12: 255-76.
64. Swigert, Victoria and Ronald Farrell. 1977. Normal Homicides and the Law. American Sociological Review 42: 16-32.
65. Taylor, Ralph. 1997. Social Order and Disorder of Street Blocks and Neighborhoods: Ecology, Microecology, and the Systemic Model of Social Disorganization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 34: 113-55.
66. Thomson, Randall and Matthew Zingraff. 1981. Detecting Sentencing Disparity: Some Problems and Evidence. American Journal of Sociology 86: 869-80.
67. Ulmer, Jeffery. 1997. Social Worlds of Sentencing: Court Communities under Sentencing Guidelines. Albany: State University of New York Press.
68. Ulmer, Jeffery and Mindy Bradley. 2006. Variation in Trial Penalties Among Serious Violent Offenders. Criminology 44: 631-70.
69. Ulmer, Jeffery and Brian Johnson. 2004. Sentencing in Context: A Multilevel Analysis. Criminology 42: 137-77.
70. Ulmer, Jeffery and John Kramer. 1996. Court Communities Under Sentencing Guidelines: Dilemmas of Formal Rationality and Sentencing Disparity. Criminology 34: 383-407.
71. Unnever, James, Charles Frazier, and John Henretta. 1980. Race Differences in Criminal Sentencing. Sociological Quarterly 21: 197-205.
72. Van Koppen, Peter and Jan Keijser. 1997. Desisting Distance Decay: On the Aggregation of Individual Crime Trips. Criminology 35: 505-15.
73. Weisburd, David, Stanton Wheeler, Elin Waring, and Nancy Bale. 1991. Crimes of the Middle Class. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
74. Wheeler, Stanton, David Weisburd, and Nancy Bode. 1982. Sentencing the White-collar Offender: Rhetoric and Reality. American Sociological Review 47: 641.
75. Wilbanks, William. 1987. The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
76. Wooldredge, John, Timothy Griffin, and Fritz Rauschenberg. 2005. (Un)anticipated Effects of Sentencing Reform on the Disparate Treatment of Defendants. Law and Society Review 39: 835-74.
77. Wooldredge, John, Timothy Griffin, Fritz Rauschenberg, and Travis Pratt. 2002. Final Report: The Impact of Ohio's Senate Bill 2 on Sentencing Disparities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
78. Wooldredge, John and Amy Thistlethwaite. 2004. Bilevel Disparities in Court Dispositions for Intimate Assault. Criminology 42: 417-56.
79. Zatz, Marjorie. 1985. Pleas, Priors, and Prison: Racial/ethnic Differences in Sentencing. Social Science Research 14: 169-93.
80. _. 1998. The Racialized and Gendered Effects of Crime-control Policies in the United States. Paper presented at Empirical Research and Legal-RealismSetting the Agenda Research Workshop of the Israel Science Foundation, June 6 to 9, University of Haifa, Israel.
81. _. 2000. The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class on Court Decisionmaking: Looking Toward the 21st Century. Pp. 503-52 in Criminal Justice 2000, Vol. 3: Policies, Processes and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs.