메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 417-456

Bilevel disparities in court dispositions for intimate assault

Author keywords

Disparities in court dispositions; Intimate assault; Neighborhood SES

Indexed keywords


EID: 3142739402     PISSN: 00111384     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00525.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (83)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 0010843766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the probability of pleading guilty
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (1990) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.6 , pp. 315-334
    • Albonetti, C.1
  • 2
    • 0010843766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (1991) Social Problems , vol.38 , pp. 247-266
  • 3
    • 0010843766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders
    • George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.). Boulder CO: Westview Press
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (1994) Inequality, Crime, and Social Control
  • 4
    • 0031329908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (1997) Law and Society Review , vol.31 , pp. 789-822
  • 5
    • 22844454772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (1999) Social Forces , vol.78 , pp. 303-329
  • 6
    • 0010843766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders
    • Albonetti, Celesta 1990 Race and the probability of pleading guilty. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6:315-334. 1991 An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems 38:247-266. 1994 The symbolic punishment of white-collar offenders. In George Bridges and Martha Myers (eds.), Inequality, Crime, and Social Control. Boulder CO: Westview Press. 1997 Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendant characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review 31:789-822. 1999 The avoidance of punishment: A legal-bureaucratic model of suspended sentences in federal white-collar cases prior to the federal sentencing guidelines. Social Forces 78:303-329. 2002 The joint conditioning effect of a defendant's gender and ethnicity on length of imprisonment under the federal sentencing guidelines for drug trafficking/manufacturing offenders. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice 6:39-60.
    • (2002) Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice , vol.6 , pp. 39-60
  • 7
    • 0041047013 scopus 로고
    • Criminal justice decision making as a stratification process: The role of race and stratification resources in pretrial release
    • Albonetti, Celesta, Robert Hauser, John Hagan and Ilene Nagel 1989 Criminal justice decision making as a stratification process: The role of race and stratification resources in pretrial release. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 5:57-82.
    • (1989) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.5 , pp. 57-82
    • Albonetti, C.1    Hauser, R.2    Hagan, J.3    Nagel, I.4
  • 8
    • 0003261738 scopus 로고
    • Sentencing reform and prosecutorial power: A critique of recent proposals for fixed and presumptive sentencing
    • Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Alschuler, Albert 1978 Sentencing reform and prosecutorial power: A critique of recent proposals for fixed and presumptive sentencing. In Determinate Sentencing: Reform or Regression. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1978) Determinate Sentencing: Reform or Regression
    • Alschuler, A.1
  • 10
    • 0242522045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social context and racial disparities in punishment decisions
    • Britt, Chester 2000 Social context and racial disparities in punishment decisions. Justice Quarterly 17:707-732.
    • (2000) Justice Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 707-732
    • Britt, C.1
  • 11
    • 84962992625 scopus 로고
    • Law, social standing and racial disparities in imprisonment
    • Bridges, George and Robert Crutchfield 1988 Law, social standing and racial disparities in imprisonment. Social Forces 66:699-724.
    • (1988) Social Forces , vol.66 , pp. 699-724
    • Bridges, G.1    Crutchfield, R.2
  • 14
    • 0040732939 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and crime control revisited: The declining significance of intergroup threat
    • In Allen Liska (ed.). Albany, NY: SUNY Press
    • Chamlin, Mitchell and Allen Liska 1992 Social structure and crime control revisited: The declining significance of intergroup threat. In Allen Liska (ed.), Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
    • (1992) Social Threat and Social Control
    • Chamlin, M.1    Liska, A.2
  • 15
    • 0028323409 scopus 로고
    • Analytical and aggregation biases in analyses of imprisonment: Reconciling discrepancies in studies of racial disparity
    • Crutchfield, Robert, George Bridges and Susan Pitchford 1994 Analytical and aggregation biases in analyses of imprisonment: Reconciling discrepancies in studies of racial disparity. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 31:166-182.
    • (1994) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.31 , pp. 166-182
    • Crutchfield, R.1    Bridges, G.2    Pitchford, S.3
  • 16
    • 3142727364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosecuting domestic violence cases with reluctant victims: Assessing two novel approaches in Milwaukee
    • Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
    • Davis, Robert, Barbara Smith and Laura Nickles 1997 Prosecuting domestic violence cases with reluctant victims: Assessing two novel approaches in Milwaukee. Final Report to the National Institute of Justice. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    • (1997) Final Report to the National Institute of Justice
    • Davis, R.1    Smith, B.2    Nickles, L.3
  • 17
    • 0010246631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victim cooperation and the prosecution of domestic violence in a specialized court
    • Dawson, Myrna and Ronit Dinovitzer 2001 Victim cooperation and the prosecution of domestic violence in a specialized court. Justice Quarterly 18:593-622.
    • (2001) Justice Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 593-622
    • Dawson, M.1    Dinovitzer, R.2
  • 18
    • 0022990893 scopus 로고
    • The outcome of court-mandated treatment for wife assault: A quasi-experimental evaluation
    • Dutton, Donald 1986 The outcome of court-mandated treatment for wife assault: A quasi-experimental evaluation. Violence and Victims 1:163-175.
    • (1986) Violence and Victims , vol.1 , pp. 163-175
    • Dutton, D.1
  • 21
    • 84926272975 scopus 로고
    • Holistic effects in social control decision making
    • Emerson, Robert 1983 Holistic effects in social control decision making. Law and Society Review 17:425-455.
    • (1983) Law and Society Review , vol.17 , pp. 425-455
    • Emerson, R.1
  • 22
    • 84984054665 scopus 로고
    • The social and cognitive structure of legal decision making
    • Farrell, Ronald and Malcolm Holmes 1993 The social and cognitive structure of legal decision making. Sociological Quarterly 32:529-542.
    • (1993) Sociological Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 529-542
    • Farrell, R.1    Holmes, M.2
  • 23
    • 84925911806 scopus 로고
    • Prior offense as a self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Farrell, Ronald and Victoria Swigert 1978 Prior offense as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Law and Society Review 12:437-453.
    • (1978) Law and Society Review , vol.12 , pp. 437-453
    • Farrell, R.1    Swigert, V.2
  • 25
    • 1142309785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and Research on the Outcomes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
    • Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
    • Garrett, Athena and Heather Libbey 1997 Theory and Research on the Outcomes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Child Abuse Intervention Planning Meeting, Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    • (1997) Child Abuse Intervention Planning Meeting
    • Garrett, A.1    Libbey, H.2
  • 26
    • 0000460693 scopus 로고
    • Skills training for treatment of spouse abusers: An outcome study
    • Hamberger, L. Kevin and James Hastings 1988 Skills training for treatment of spouse abusers: An outcome study. Journal of Family Violence 3:121-130.
    • (1988) Journal of Family Violence , vol.3 , pp. 121-130
    • Kevin, H.L.1    Hastings, J.2
  • 28
    • 0039851425 scopus 로고
    • Causal attribution and punishment for crime
    • Hawkins, Darnell 1981 Causal attribution and punishment for crime. Deviant Behavior 1:193-215. 1987 Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and criminal punishment. Social Forces 65:719-745.
    • (1981) Deviant Behavior , vol.1 , pp. 193-215
    • Hawkins, D.1
  • 29
    • 84935592528 scopus 로고
    • Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and criminal punishment
    • Hawkins, Darnell 1981 Causal attribution and punishment for crime. Deviant Behavior 1:193-215. 1987 Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and criminal punishment. Social Forces 65:719-745.
    • (1987) Social Forces , vol.65 , pp. 719-745
  • 31
    • 0000989469 scopus 로고
    • Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions
    • James Heckman and Burton Singer (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Heckman, James and Richard Robb 1985 Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions. In James Heckman and Burton Singer (eds.), Longitudinal Analysis of Labor Market Data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1985) Longitudinal Analysis of Labor Market Data
    • Heckman, J.1    Robb, R.2
  • 32
    • 0034747481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative effects of offense, offender, and victim variables on the decision to prosecute domestic violence cases
    • Hirschel, David and Ira Hutchinson 2001 The relative effects of offense, offender, and victim variables on the decision to prosecute domestic violence cases. Violence Against Women 7:46-59.
    • (2001) Violence Against Women , vol.7 , pp. 46-59
    • Hirschel, D.1    Hutchinson, I.2
  • 33
    • 1142277621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing departures across modes of conviction
    • Johnson, Brian 2003 Racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing departures across modes of conviction. Criminology 41:449-489.
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , pp. 449-489
    • Johnson, B.1
  • 35
    • 0347616377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location, location, location: Interdistrict and intercircuit variation in sentencing outcomes for federal drug-trafficking offenses
    • Kautt, Paula 2002 Location, location, location: Interdistrict and intercircuit variation in sentencing outcomes for federal drug-trafficking offenses. Justice Quarterly 19:633-671.
    • (2002) Justice Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 633-671
    • Kautt, P.1
  • 37
    • 0036692331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminal charge or probation violation? Prosecutorial discretion and implications for research in criminal court processing
    • Kingsnorth, Rodney, Randall MacIntosh and Sandra Sutherland 2002 Criminal charge or probation violation? Prosecutorial discretion and implications for research in criminal court processing. Criminology 40:553-578.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 553-578
    • Kingsnorth, R.1    MacIntosh, R.2    Sutherland, S.3
  • 39
    • 84935444925 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and crime control among macro social units
    • Liska, Allen and Mitchell Chamlin 1984 Social structure and crime control among macro social units. American Journal of Sociology 90:383-395.
    • (1984) American Journal of Sociology , vol.90 , pp. 383-395
    • Liska, A.1    Chamlin, M.2
  • 40
    • 0347138379 scopus 로고
    • Determinate sentencing, plea bargaining bans, and hydraulic discretion in California
    • McCoy, Candace 1984 Determinate sentencing, plea bargaining bans, and hydraulic discretion in California. The Justice System Journal 9:256-275.
    • (1984) The Justice System Journal , vol.9 , pp. 256-275
    • McCoy, C.1
  • 42
    • 77958523933 scopus 로고
    • Charging and plea bargaining practices under determinate sentencing: An investigation of the hydraulic displacement of discretion
    • Miethe, Terence 1987 Charging and plea bargaining practices under determinate sentencing: An investigation of the hydraulic displacement of discretion. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 78:155-176.
    • (1987) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.78 , pp. 155-176
    • Miethe, T.1
  • 43
    • 0032257544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence between spouses and intimates: Does neighborhood context matter?
    • Miles-Doan, Rebecca 1998 Violence between spouses and intimates: Does neighborhood context matter? Social Forces 77:623-645.
    • (1998) Social Forces , vol.77 , pp. 623-645
    • Miles-Doan, R.1
  • 45
    • 0032384110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated community intervention for domestic abusers: Intervention system involvement and criminal recidivism
    • Murphy, Christopher, Peter Musser and Kenneth Maton 1998 Coordinated community intervention for domestic abusers: Intervention system involvement and criminal recidivism. Journal of Family Violence 13:263-284.
    • (1998) Journal of Family Violence , vol.13 , pp. 263-284
    • Murphy, C.1    Musser, P.2    Maton, K.3
  • 48
    • 0042231644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two counties: Unemployment and sentence severity
    • Nobiling, Tracy, Cassia Spohn and Miriam DeLone 1998 A tale of two counties: Unemployment and sentence severity. Justice Quarterly 15:459-485.
    • (1998) Justice Quarterly , vol.15 , pp. 459-485
    • Nobiling, T.1    Spohn, C.2    DeLone, M.3
  • 49
    • 0026594388 scopus 로고
    • Group treatment program for abusive husbands: Long-term evaluation
    • Palmer, Sally, Ralph Brown and Mary Barrera 1992 Group treatment program for abusive husbands: Long-term evaluation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62:276-283.
    • (1992) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 276-283
    • Palmer, S.1    Brown, R.2    Barrera, M.3
  • 50
    • 84926282175 scopus 로고
    • Changing conceptions of race: Towards an account of anomalous findings of sentencing research
    • Peterson, Ruth and John Hagan 1984 Changing conceptions of race: Towards an account of anomalous findings of sentencing research. American Sociological Review 49:56-70.
    • (1984) American Sociological Review , vol.49 , pp. 56-70
    • Peterson, R.1    Hagan, J.2
  • 52
    • 0013486797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration, social capital, and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory
    • Rose, Dina and Todd Clear 1998 Incarceration, social capital, and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory. Criminology 36:441-479.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 441-479
    • Rose, D.1    Clear, T.2
  • 54
    • 0002387331 scopus 로고
    • Race, crime and urban inequality
    • John Hagan and Ruth D. Peterson (eds.). Berkley, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Sampson, Robert J. and William Julius Wilson 1995 Race, crime and urban inequality. In John Hagan and Ruth D. Peterson (eds.), Crime and Inequality. Berkley, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (1995) Crime and Inequality
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Wilson, W.J.2
  • 55
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson, Robert, Steven Raudenbush and Felton Earls 1997 Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277:918-924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.1    Raudenbush, S.2    Earls, F.3
  • 56
    • 0024373757 scopus 로고
    • Prosecutorial discretion in filing charges in domestic violence cases
    • Schmidt, Janell and Ellen Steury 1989 Prosecutorial discretion in filing charges in domestic violence cases. Criminology 27:487-510.
    • (1989) Criminology , vol.27 , pp. 487-510
    • Schmidt, J.1    Steury, E.2
  • 57
    • 84933490206 scopus 로고
    • The influence of criminology on criminal law: Evaluating arrests for misdemeanor domestic violence
    • Sherman, Lawrence 1992 The influence of criminology on criminal law: Evaluating arrests for misdemeanor domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 83, 1-45.
    • (1992) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.83 , pp. 1-45
    • Sherman, L.1
  • 59
    • 84935630882 scopus 로고
    • Sociodemographic risk factors in wife abuse: Results from a survey of Toronto women
    • Smith, Michael D. 1990 Sociodemographic risk factors in wife abuse: Results from a survey of Toronto women. Canadian Journal of Sociology 15:39-58.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Sociology , vol.15 , pp. 39-58
    • Smith, M.D.1
  • 61
    • 0346444710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed black and Hispanic male offenders
    • Spohn, Cassia and David Holleran 2000 The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed black and Hispanic male offenders. Criminology 38:281-306.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , pp. 281-306
    • Spohn, C.1    Holleran, D.2
  • 62
    • 84984327289 scopus 로고
    • The impact of ethnicity and gender of defendants on the decision to reject or dismiss felony charges
    • Spohn, Cassia, John Gruhl and Susan Welch 1987 The impact of ethnicity and gender of defendants on the decision to reject or dismiss felony charges. Criminology 25:175-191.
    • (1987) Criminology , vol.25 , pp. 175-191
    • Spohn, C.1    Gruhl, J.2    Welch, S.3
  • 64
    • 0041181131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
    • Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jeffrey Ulmer and John Kramer 1998 The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology 36:763-797.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 763-797
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Ulmer, J.2    Kramer, J.3
  • 65
    • 0033713962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and sentencing outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is punished more harshly?
    • Steffensmeier, Darrell and Stephen Demuth 2000 Ethnicity and sentencing outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is punished more harshly? American Sociological Review 65:705-729.
    • (2000) American Sociological Review , vol.65 , pp. 705-729
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Demuth, S.2
  • 67
    • 0000325702 scopus 로고
    • Normal crimes: Sociological features of the penal code in a public defender office
    • Sudnow, David 1965 Normal crimes: Sociological features of the penal code in a public defender office. Social Problems 12: 255-276.
    • (1965) Social Problems , vol.12 , pp. 255-276
    • Sudnow, D.1
  • 68
    • 3142662878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic violence is a serious problem for black women
    • Karin Swisher (ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Sullivan, Susan 1996 Domestic violence is a serious problem for black women. In Karin Swisher (ed.), Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1996) Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response
    • Sullivan, S.1
  • 70
    • 21144464798 scopus 로고
    • The combined effects of coordinated criminal justice intervention in woman abuse
    • Syers, Maryanne and Jeffrey Edleson 1992 The combined effects of coordinated criminal justice intervention in woman abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 7:490-502.
    • (1992) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.7 , pp. 490-502
    • Syers, M.1    Edleson, J.2
  • 72
    • 0039864018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Court communities under sentencing guidelines: Dilemmas of formal rationality and sentencing disparity
    • Ulmer, Jeffrey and John Kramer 1996 Court communities under sentencing guidelines: dilemmas of formal rationality and sentencing disparity. Criminology 34:383-407.
    • (1996) Criminology , vol.34 , pp. 383-407
    • Ulmer, J.1    Kramer, J.2
  • 73
    • 1642633944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing in context: A multilevel analysis
    • Ulmer, Jeffrey and Brian Johnson 2004 Sentencing in context: A multilevel analysis. Criminology 42:137-177.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 137-177
    • Ulmer, J.1    Johnson, B.2
  • 74
    • 84984306202 scopus 로고
    • The sexual stratification hypothesis and sexual assault in light of changing conceptions of race
    • Walsh, Anthony 1987 The sexual stratification hypothesis and sexual assault in light of changing conceptions of race. Criminology 25:153-174.
    • (1987) Criminology , vol.25 , pp. 153-174
    • Walsh, A.1
  • 76
    • 84984332308 scopus 로고
    • Sentencing: The influence of alternative measures of prior record
    • Welch, Susan, John Gruhl, and Cassia Spohn 1984 Sentencing: The influence of alternative measures of prior record. Criminology 22:215-227.
    • (1984) Criminology , vol.22 , pp. 215-227
    • Welch, S.1    Gruhl, J.2    Spohn, C.3
  • 77
    • 84925978038 scopus 로고
    • Sentencing the white-collar offender: Rhetoric and reality
    • Wheeler, Stanton, David Weisburd and Nancy Bode 1982 Sentencing the white-collar offender: Rhetoric and reality. American Sociological Review 47:641-659.
    • (1982) American Sociological Review , vol.47 , pp. 641-659
    • Wheeler, S.1    Weisburd, D.2    Bode, N.3
  • 78
    • 0002787474 scopus 로고
    • Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety
    • Wilson, James Q. and George Kelling 1982 Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. Atlantic Monthly 249: 29-38.
    • (1982) Atlantic Monthly , vol.249 , pp. 29-38
    • Wilson, J.Q.1    Kelling, G.2
  • 79
    • 3142661408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ohio, 1993-1998 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati [producer], 2000. Ann Arbor, MI: Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000
    • Wooldredge, John 2000 Reconsidering domestic violence recidivism: Individual and contextual effects of court dispositions and stake in conformity in Hamilton County, Ohio, 1993-1998 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati [producer], 2000. Ann Arbor, MI: Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000. 2002 Examining the (ir)relevance of aggregation bias for multilevel studies of neighborhoods and crime with an example comparing census tracts to official neighborhoods in Cincinnati. Criminology 40:681-710.
    • (2000) Reconsidering Domestic Violence Recidivism: Individual and Contextual Effects of Court Dispositions and Stake in Conformity in Hamilton County
    • Wooldredge, J.1
  • 80
    • 0036689572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the (ir)relevance of aggregation bias for multilevel studies of neighborhoods and crime with an example comparing census tracts to official neighborhoods in Cincinnati
    • Wooldredge, John 2000 Reconsidering domestic violence recidivism: Individual and contextual effects of court dispositions and stake in conformity in Hamilton County, Ohio, 1993-1998 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati [producer], 2000. Ann Arbor, MI: Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000. 2002 Examining the (ir)relevance of aggregation bias for multilevel studies of neighborhoods and crime with an example comparing census tracts to official neighborhoods in Cincinnati. Criminology 40:681-710.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 681-710
  • 82
    • 0036111960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering domestic violence recidivism: Conditioned effects of legal controls by individual and aggregate levels of stake in conformity
    • Wooldredge, John and Amy Thistlethwaite 2002 Reconsidering domestic violence recidivism: Conditioned effects of legal controls by individual and aggregate levels of stake in conformity. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 18:45-70.
    • (2002) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.18 , pp. 45-70
    • Wooldredge, J.1    Thistlethwaite, A.2
  • 83
    • 0001031468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleas, priors, and prison: Racial/ethnic differences in sentencing
    • st century. In Criminal Justice 2000, Volume 3: Policies, Processes, and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System. Washington DC: Office of Justice Programs.
    • (1985) Social Science Research , vol.14 , pp. 169-193
    • Zatz, M.1
  • 85
    • 0000065646 scopus 로고
    • Crime, time, and punishment: An exploration of selection bias in sentencing research
    • Zatz, Marjorie and John Hagan 1985 Crime, time, and punishment: An exploration of selection bias in sentencing research. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1:103-126.
    • (1985) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.1 , pp. 103-126
    • Zatz, M.1    Hagan, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.