Understanding the dynamics of Ebola epidemics

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 135, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 610-621

  Legrand, J ^a,b   Grais, R F ^a,b   Boelle, P Y ^a,b   Valleron, A J ^a,b   Flahault, A ^a,b  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMMUNITY; CONGO; CONTROL STRATEGY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EBOLA VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; POSTHUMOUS CARE; PREDICTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; UGANDA; VIRUS HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 34247475255     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268806007217     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Anon. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Report of a WHO/ International Study Team. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1978; 56: 247-270.
2. Anon. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1978; 56: 271-293.
3. Khan AS, et al. The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S76-S86.
4. Anon. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Uganda, August 2000-January 2001. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2001; 76: 41-46.
5. CDC. Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Uganda, August 2000-January 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2001; 50: 73-77.
6. Arthur RR. Ebola in Africa - discoveries in the past decade. Eurosurveillance 2002; 7: 33-36.
7. Georges AJ, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994-1997: Epidemiologic and health control issues. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S65-S75.
8. Okware SI, et al. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2002; 7: 1068-1075.
9. Anon. Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, January-April 2003. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2003; 78: 285-289.
10. Anon. Outbreak(s) of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Congo and Gabon, October 2001 to July 2002. Canadian Communicable Disease Report 2003; 29: 129-133.
11. Rouquet P, et al. Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001-2003. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2005; 11: 283-290.
12. Walsh PD, Biek R, Real LA. Wave-Like Spread of Ebola Zaire. PLoS Biology 2005; 3: E371.
13. Sullivan NJ, et al. Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. Nature 2003; 424: 681-684.
14. Clarke T, Knight J. Fast vaccine offers hope in battle with Ebola. Nature 2003; 424: 602.
15. Jones SM, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine 2005; 11: 786-790.
16. Leroy EM, et al. Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 2005; 438: 575-576.
17. Bray M. Defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons. Antiviral Research 2003; 57: 53-60.
18. Bwaka MA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clinical observations in 103 patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S1-S7.
19. Ndambi R, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the Ebola virus epidemic in Mosango, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S8-S10.
20. Dowell SF, et al. Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: A study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S87-S91.
21. Borio L, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: Medical and public health management. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 287: 2391-2405.
22. Peters CJ, LeDuc JW. An introduction to Ebola: The virus and the disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): Ix-xvi.
23. Roels TH, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Risk factors for patients without a reported exposure. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S92-S97.
24. Hewlett BS, Amola RP. Cultural contexts of ebola in northern Uganda. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003; 9: 1242-1248.
25. Leroy EM, et al. Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response. Lancet 2000; 355: 2210-2215.
26. Baxter AG. Symptomless infection with Ebola virus. Lancet 2000; 355: 2178-2179.
27. Chowell G, et al. The basic reproductive number of Ebola and the effects of public health measures: The cases of Congo and Uganda. Journal of Theoretical Biology 2004; 229: 119-126.
28. 0 of an infectious pathogen by a removal method. Mathematical Biosciences 2005; 198: 14-26.
29. Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, et al. Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Discovery and control measures. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S259-S262.
30. Guimard Y, et al. Organization of patient care during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S268-S273.
31. Kerstiens B, Matthys F. Interventions to control virus transmission during an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Experience from Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S263-S267.
32. Gillepsie DT. A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical reactions. Journal of Computational Physics 1976; 22: 403-434.
33. Rowe AK, et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission de Lútte contre les Epidemies a Kikwit. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Suppl. 1): S28-S35.
34. Riley S, et al. Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: Impact of public health interventions. Science 2003; 300: 1961-1966.
35. Iman RL, Conover WJ. A distribution-free approach to inducing rank correlation among input variables. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 1982; 11: 311-334.
36. Diekmann O, Heesterbeek JAP. Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Model building, analysis and interpretation. New York: Wiley, 2000.
37. van den Driessche P, Watmough J. Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Mathematical Biosciences 2002; 180: 29-48.
38. Blower SM, et al. Drugs, sex and HIV: A mathematical model for New York City. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 1991; 331: 171-187.
39. Lloyd-Smith JO, et al. Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence. Nature 2005; 438: 355-359.
40. Francesconi P, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003; 9: 1430-1437.