Morals, harmony, and national identity: "Companionate feminism" in colonial Indonesia in the 1930s

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 38-58

  Locher Scholten, Elsbeth ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247441989     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2003.0010     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Barbara N. Ramusack and Sharon Sievers, eds, Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), xiii.
2. On the close relationship between nationalism and feminism in former colonies, see Kumari Jayawardena, Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World (London: Zed Books, 1986).
3. Jayawardena, Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World, 2.
4. See Elsbeth Locher-Scholten, Women and the Colonial State. Essays on Gender and Modernity in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2000).
5. See Barbara N. Ramusack, "Women in South Asia," in Women in Asia, ed. Ramusack and Sievers, 41-68;
6. and Mrinalini Sinha, "Refashioning Mother India: Feminism and Nationalism in Late-Colonial India," Feminist Studies 26, no.3 (2000): 623-44.
7. Robert Cribb and Colin Brown, Modern Indonesia: A History since 1945 (London: Longman, 1995).
8. For Indonesian women and colonial culture, see, for example, Frances Gouda, Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1995);
9. Studies on contacts between Indonesian and Indian nationalism are lacking. Similarly, there are few data on relations between Indian and Indonesian feminism. Questions about the internationalism of Indonesian feminism in the 1920s and 1930s cannot be answered yet. For example, see Mary E. John, "Feminisms and Internationalisms: A Response from India,Gender and History 10, no. 3 (1998): 539-48.
10. For an elaboration of the struggle for women's suffrage, see LocherScholten, Women and the Colonial State, 151-86.
11. Elisabeth Keddie, "The Past and Present of Women in the Muslim World," Journal of World History 1, no. 1 (1990): 77-108, esp. 106.
12. Susan Blackburn and Sharon Bessel, "Marriageable Age: Political Debates on Early Marriage in Twentieth-Century Indonesia," Indonesia 63 (April 1997): 107-41;
13. Colin Brown, "Sukarno on the Role of Women in the Nationalist Movement," Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 15, no.1 (1981): 68-92, esp. 71-77.
14. and Alfian, Muhammadijah: The Political Behavior of a Muslim Modernist Organization under Dutch Colonialism (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1989), 324-27.
15. Antoinette Burton, "Introduction: The Unfinished Business of Colonial Modernity," in Gender, Sexuality, and Colonial Modernities, ed. Antoinette Burton (New York: Routledge, 1999), 1-16, esp. 12.
16. "Loerik-weefsels," De Locomotief, 1 August 1935.
17. Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisch-Chineesche Pers, 1935, 517.
18. Susan Abeyasekere, "Women as Cultural Intermediaries in Nineteenth-Century Java," in Women's Work and Women's Roles: Economics and Everyday Life in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, ed. Lenore Manderson (Canberra: Australian National University, 1983), 15-29, esp. 23.
19. Sitisoemandari Soeroto, Kartini: Pionierster van de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid en vrouwenemancipatie, ed. and trans. Cora Vreede-de Stuers (Franeker: Wever, 1984).
20. G. F. Pijper, "De strijd om de monogamie," Koloniale Studiën 5 (1937): 476-90, esp. 489.
21. Joost Coté, "Tirto Adhi Soerjo and the Narration of Indonesian Modernity, 1909-1912: An Introduction to Two Stories," Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs, 32, no. 2 (1998): 1-43.
22. O. R., "De Hedendaagsche Javaansche Vrouw," De Locomotief 22 September 1934.
23. Overzicht van de Inlandsche en Maleisch-Chineesche Pers, 1941,1380.
24. Brown, "Sukarno on the Role of Women," 68-92.
25. Deliar Noer, The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1973), 79.
26. Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993), 131.
27. and Suzanne April Brenner, The Domestication of Desire: Women, Wealth, and Modernity in Java (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998).
28. Laura Cooley "Maintaining Rukun for Javanese Households and for the State," in Women and Mediation in Indonesia, ed. Sita van Bemmelen et al. (Leiden: KITLV Press, 1992), 229-48.
29. Burton, "Introduction: The Unfinished Business of Colonial Modernity," 12.
30. Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments, 9.
31. Brenner, Domestication of Desire, 126.