Metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 173-193

  Gaddefors, Johan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÄVLE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Business development; Business environment; Entrepreneurialiasm; Ethnography; Metaphors

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247362402     PISSN: 13552554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13552550710751049     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Alstete, J.W. (2002), "On becoming an entrepreneur: an evolving typology", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 222-34.
2. Alvesson, M. (1993), "The play of metaphors", in Hassard, J. and Parker, M. (Eds), Postmodernism and Organizations, Sage, London.
3. Alvesson, M. (1996), "Leadership studies: from procedure and abstraction to reflexivity and situation", Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 455-85.
4. Alvesson, M. (2002), Postmodernism and Social Research, Open University Press, Buckingham.
5. Alvesson, M. (2003), "Beyond neopositivists, romantics, and localists: a reflexive approach to interviews in organizational research", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 13-33.
6. Alvesson, M. and Deetz, S. (2000), Doing Critical Management Research, Sage, London.
7. Alvesson, M. and Kärreman, D. (2000), "Taking the linguistic turn in organizational research", Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 136-58.
8. Anderson, A.R. (2000), "The protean entrepreneur: the entrepreneurial process as fitting self and circumstance", Journal of Enterprising Culture, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 201-34.
9. Ardichvili, A. and Cardozo, R.N. (2000), "A model of the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process", Journal of Enterprising Culture, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 103-19.
10. Bamber, D., Owens, J., Davies, J. and Suleman, A. (2002), "Enabling the emergent entrepreneurial organisation to develop new products", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 203-21.
11. Boje, D.M. (2002), Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research, Sage, London.
12. Bouwen, R. and Steyaert, C. (1990), "Construing organizational texture in young entrepreneurial firms", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 27 No. 6, pp. 637-49.
13. Brockner, J., Higgins, E.T. and Low, M.B. (2004), "Regulatory focus theory and the entrepreneurial process", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, pp. 203-20.
14. Broekstra, G. (1996), "The triune-brain metaphor: The evolution of the living organization", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
15. Burke, W.W. (1992), "Metaphors to consult by", Group and Organization Management, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 255-9.
16. Chia, R. (1996), "Metaphors and metaphorization in organizational analysis", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
17. Chia, R. and King, I.W. (1998), "The organizational structuring of novelty", Organization, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 461-78.
18. Clark, T. and Salaman, G. (1996), "Telling tales: management consultancy as the art of story telling", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
19. Cooper, R. and Burrell, G. (1988), "Modernism, postmodernism and organizational analysis: an introduction", Organization Studies, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 91-112.
20. Covin, J.G. and Miles, M.P. (1999), "Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, pp. 47-64.
21. Czarniawska, B. (1998), A Narrative Approach to Organization Studies, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
22. Czarniawska, B. (2002), "Narrative, interviews, and organizations", in Gubrium, J.F. and Holstein, J.A. (Eds), Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method, Sage, London.
23. Czarniawska, B. (2004), "The uses of narrative in social science research", in Hardy, M. and Bryman, A. (Eds), Handbook of Data Analysis, Sage, London.
24. Cornelissen, J.P. (2005), "Beyond compare: metaphor in organization theory", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 751-64.
25. Daft, R.L. and Weick, K.E. (1984), "Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, pp. 284-95.
26. Daudi, P. (1990), "Con-versing in management's public place", Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 6, pp. 285-307.
27. Davidsson, P. and Wiklund, J. (2001), "Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: current research practice and suggestions for the future", Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 81-99.
28. Davidsson, P., Low, M.B. and Wright, M. (2001), "Editor's introduction: Low and MacMillan ten years on: achievements and future directions for entrepreneurship research", Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 5-15.
29. Deetz, S. (2003), "Reclaiming the legacy of the linguistic turn", Organization, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 421-9.
30. Delamont, S. and Atkinson, P. (2004), "Qualitative research and the postmodern turn", in Hardy, M. and Bryman, A. (Eds), Handbook of Data Analysis, Sage, London.
31. Delmar, F., Davidsson, P. and Gartner, W.B. (2003), "Arriving at the high-growth firm", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 18, pp. 189-216.
32. DeTienne, D.R. (2004), "The relevance of theories of change for corporate entrepreneurship scholars", in Katz, J.A. and Shepherd, D.A. (Eds), Corporate Entrepreneurship, Elsevier, Oxford.
33. Dodd, S.D. (2002), "Metaphors and meaning: a grounded cultural model of us entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17, pp. 519-35.
34. Douglas, D. (2005), "The human complexities of entrepreneurial decision making: a grounded case considered", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 11 No. 6, pp. 422-35.
35. Dunford, R. and Palmer, I. (1996), "Metaphors in popular management discourse: the case of corporate restructuring", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
36. Entzenberg, C. (1998), Metaphor as a Mode of Interpretation, Department of Aesthetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
37. Fletcher, D. (2003), "Framing organizational emergence: discourse, identity and relationship", in Steyaert, C. and Hjort, D. (Eds), New Movements in Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
38. Gartner, W.B. (1985), "A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 669-706.
39. Gartner, W.B. (1993), "Words lead to deeds: towards an organizational emergence vocabulary", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 231-40.
40. Gartner, W.B. (2001), "Is there an elephant in entrepreneurship? Blind assumptions in theory development", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 27-39.
41. Gartner, W.B. (2004), "Achieving 'critical mess' in entrepreneurship scholarship", in Katz, J.A. and Shepherd, D.A. (Eds), Corporate Entrepreneurship, Elsevier, Oxford.
42. Gartner, W.B. and Birley, S. (2002), "Introduction to the special issue on qualitative methods in entrepreneurship research", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17 No. 5, pp. 387-95.
43. Gartner, W.B., Bird, B.J. and Starr, J.A. (1992), "Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behaviour", Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 13-31.
44. Gartner, W.B., Carter, N.M. and Hills, G.E. (2003), "The language of opportunity", in Steyaert, C. and Hjort, D. (Eds), New Movements in Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
45. Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (1996a), "Introduction: getting the measure of metaphors", in Grant, D. and Oswick (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
46. Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (1996b), Metaphors and Organizations, Sage, London.
47. Hassard, J. and Parker, M. (1993), Postmodernism and Organizations, Sage, London.
48. Hill, R.C. and Levenhagen, M. (1995), "Metaphors and mental models: sensemaking and sensegiving in innovative and entrepreneurial activities", Journal of Management, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 1057-74.
49. Hjort, D. and Johannisson, B. (2003), "Conceptualising the opening phase of regional development as the enactment of a 'collective identity'", Concepts and Transformation, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 69-92.
50. Hjort, D. and Steyaert, C. (2004), Narrative and Discursive Approaches in Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
51. Hjort, D., Johannisson, B. and Steyaert, C. (2003), " Entrepreneurship as discourse and lifestyle", in Czarniawska, B. and Sevón, G. (Eds), The Northern Light - Organization Theory in Scandinavia, Liber, Malmö.
52. Inns, D. (2002), "Metaphor in the literature of organizational analysis: a preliminary taxonomy and a glimpse at a humanities-based perspective", Organization, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 305-30.
53. Jack, S.L. and Anderson, A.R. (2002), "The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17, pp. 467-87.
54. Johannisson, B. (2000), "Modernising the industrial district: rejuvenation or managerial colonisation?", in Vatne, E. and Taylor, T. (Eds), The Networked Firm in a Global World, Ashgate, Aldershot.
55. Kärreman, D. and Alvesson, M. (2001), "Making newsmakers: conversational identity at work", Organization Studies, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 59-89.
56. Katz, J. and Gartner, W.B. (1988), "Properties of emerging organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 429-41.
57. Katz, J. and Shepherd, D.A. (2004), Corporate Entrepreneurship, Elsevier, Oxford.
58. Kuratko, D.F., Ireland, R.D. and Hornsby, J.S. (2004), "Corporate entrepreneurship behaviour among managers: a review of theory, research and practice", in Katz, J.A. and Shepherd, D.A. (Eds), Corporate Entrepreneurship, Elsevier, Oxford.
59. Low, M.B. and Abrahamson, E. (1997), "Movements, bandwagons, and clones: industry evolution and the entrepreneurial process", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12, pp. 435-57.
60. Low, M.B. and MacMillan, I.C. (1988), "Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges", Journal of Management, Vol. 35, pp. 139-61.
61. Lyotard, J.-F. (1984), The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
62. Mangham, I.L. (1996), "Some consequences of taking Gareth Morgan seriously", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
63. Morgan, G. (1986), Images of Organization, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
64. Morgan, G. (1996), "An afterword: is there anything more to be said about metaphor?", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
65. Ogbor, J.O. (2001), "Mythicizing and reification in entrepreneurial discourse: ideology-critique of entrepreneurial studies", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 37 No. 5, pp. 605-35.
66. Oswick, C. and Grant, D. (1996), "The organization of metaphors and the metaphors of organization: where are we and where do we go from here?", in Grant, D. and Oswick, C. (Eds), Metaphor and Organizations, Sage, London.
67. Pittaway, L. (2005), "Philosophies in entrepreneurship: a focus on economic theories", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 201-21.
68. Rigg, C. (2005), "'It's in the way they talk' a discourse analysis of managing in two small businesses", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 58-75.
69. Rorty, R.M. (1992), The Linguistic Turn, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
70. Schön, D.A. (1993), "Generative metaphor: a perspective on problem-solving in social policy", in Ortony, A. (Ed.), Metaphor and Thought, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
71. Schwartz, R.G., Teach, R.D. and Birch, N.J. (2005), "A longitudinal study of entrepreneurial firms opportunity recognition and product development management strategies", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 315-29.
72. Shane, S. (2000), "Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities", Organization Science, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 448-69.
73. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000), "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 217-26.
74. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2001), "Entrepreneurship as a field of research: a response to Zahra and Dess, Singh and Erikson", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 13-16.
75. Silverman, D. (1993), Interpreting Qualitative Data, Sage, London.
76. Smith, R. and Anderson, A.R. (2004), "The devil is in the e-tale: forms and structures in the entrepreneurial narratives", in Hjort, D. and Steyaert, C. (Eds), Narrative and Discursive Approaches in Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
77. Spinosa, C., Flores, F. and Dreyfus, H.L. (1997), Disclosing New Worlds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
78. Steyaert, C. and Hjort, D. (2003), New Movements in Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
79. Titscher, S., Meyer, M., Wodak, R. and Vetter, E. (2000), Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis, Sage, London.
80. Tsoukas, H. (1991), "The missing link: a transformational view of metaphor in organizational science", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 566-85.
81. Tsoukas, H. (1993), "Analogical reasoning and knowledge generation in organization theory", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 23, pp. 363-84.
82. Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P. and Wright, M. (2001), "The focus of entrepreneurial research: contextual and process issues", Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 57-80.
83. Van de Ven, A.H. and Engleman, R.M. (2004), "Central problems in managing corporate innovation and entrepreneurship", in Katz, J.A. and Shepherd, D.A. (Eds), Corporate Entrepreneurship, Elsevier, Oxford.
84. Van Maanen, J. (1988), Tales of the Field, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
85. Watson, T.J. (1994), In Search of Management, Routledge, London.
86. Weick, K.E. (1995), Sensemaking in Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.